Tipos de confiabilidad de la prueba de coordinación motora gruesa KTK para niños y adolescentes: Una revisión sistemática

The Körperkoordinationstest für kinder (KTK) is of great use in the field of physical education, rehabilitation and sports science. Its application involves rigorous control in terms of reliability. This review verifies the types of reliability used. The Pubmed database was used, including studies from the period 2016 to 2020. The keywords used were: motor coordination, motor competence, KTK, children, reliability. Ten cross-sectional studies were selected. The age ranges and sample size ranged from 4 to 14 years old and includes a sample size from 64 to 3738. Of the 10 studies, 2 used three reliability criteria (stability, equivalence, and internal consistency), 3 used measures of stability, and 4 used measures of equivalence. The reported stability measures ranged from 0.60 to 0.99, equivalence measures from 0.75 to 0.99, and internal consistency measures from 0.95. In conclusion, it was verified that the cross-sectional studies evaluating the KTK tests were generally conducted on children of both genders and applied in age ranges from 4 to 14 years old as suggested by the original proposal and the types of reliability used varied among the studies from moderate to excellent.La prueba Körperkoordinationstest für kinder (KTK) es de gran utilidad en el ámbito de la educación física, rehabilitación y en ciencias del deporte. Su aplicación implica el control riguroso en términos de confiabilidad. Esta revisión verifica los tipos de confiabilidad utilizados. Se utilizó la base de datos Pubmed, incluyendo estudios del periodo 2016 hasta 2020. Se utilizó las palabras clave: coordinación motora, competencia motora, KTK, niños, confiabilidad. Se seleccionó 10 estudios transversales. Los rangos de edad y el tamaño de la muestra oscilaron entre 4 hasta los 14 años e incluye un tamaño de muestra desde 64 hasta 3738. De los 10 estudios, 2 han utilizado tres criterios de confiabilidad (estabilidad, equivalencia y consistencia interna), 3 utilizaron medidas de estabilidad, y 4 de equivalencia. Las medidas de estabilidad reportadas varían de 0,60 a 0,99, las medidas de equivalencia desde 0,75 a 0,99 y por medio de consistencia interna 0,95. En conclusión, se verificó que los estudios trasversales que evalúan las pruebas de KTK fueron realizadas por lo general en niños de ambos géneros y aplicados en rangos de edad desde los 4 hasta los 14 años como lo sugiere la propuesta original y los tipos de confiabilidad utilizados variaron entre los estudios desde moderado hasta excelente

Análisis bibliométrico de las funciones ejecutivas de adultos mayores en Iberoamérica

Objectives: a) To verify the number of studies on executive functions (EF) in older adults carried out in Ibero-America; b) To identify the instruments used to measure EF in older adults during the years 2009-2018. Material and methods: A bibliometric study on EF in older adults in Latin America was carried out through the Scopus and Scielo databases. Studies published in Spanish and Portuguese languages using eight keywords and five registered indicators. Results: Between 2009 and 2018, a total of 12 original investigations have been carried out in six Iberoamerican countries (Spain, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, and Peru). Most EF-related investigations were reported duing the 2010-2009 and 2013-2014 periods. Several instruments were used, the Trail Making Test and the Frontal Assessment Battery being the most frequent. Conclusions: There seems to be a limited interest in investigating EF in older adults in Ibero-America. Most of these studies identified in this inquiry used the TMT and the FAB as cognitive tests.Objetivos: a) Verificar la cantidad de estudios efectuados en Iberoamérica sobre función ejecutiva (FE) en adultos mayores; b) Identificar los instrumentos utilizados para medir las FE en adultos mayores durante los años 2009-2018. Material y métodos: Se efectuó un estudio bibliométrico sobre las FE en adultos mayores de Iberoamérica. La búsqueda de información se hizo en las base de datos Scopus y Scielo. Se consideraron estudios iberoamericanos publicados en idioma español y portugués, utilizándose  ocho palabras clave y cinco indicadores registrados. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 12 investigaciones originales en seis países iberoamericanos (España, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, y Perú). La mayor cantidad de investigaciones relacionadas con FE en asultos mayores tuvo lugar en los periodos 2009-2010 y 2013-2014.  En estos estudios, se han utilizado varios instrumentos con el Trail Making Test (TMT) y la Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) como los de uso más frecuente. Conclusiones: Parece existir un interés limitado por investigar las FE en adultos mayores de Iberoamérica. La mayoría de los estudios idntificados en esta indagación utilizaron como tests cognitivos el TMT y la FAB

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Desarrollo de las habilidades sociales de estudiantes que ingresan a la Universidad

El artículo da cuenta de resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue determinar el nivel de desarrollo de las habilidades sociales de estudiantes que ingresan a la universidad. La metodología es de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, transeccional no experimental. Se encuesta a 446 estudiantes de 9 carreras de la Facultad de Educación. Entre sus resultados destaca que no existen diferencias significativas entre las 6 dimensiones del cuestionario al comparar por género, edad y vía de ingreso a la universidad. A modo de conclusión es posible señalar que el instrumento es válido y confiable pudiendo ser aplicado en contextos académicos.The article reports the results of a research whose objective was to determine the level of development of the social skills of students entering the university. The methodology is quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental transectional. 446 students of 9 careers of the Faculty of Education are surveyed. Among its results it stands out that there are no significant differences between the 6 dimensions of the questionnaire when comparing by gender, age and university entry route. By way of conclusion it is possible to point out that the instrument is valid and reliable and can be applied in academic contexts.L'article présente les résultats d'une recherche dont l'objectif était de déterminer le niveau de développement des compétences sociales des étudiants entrant à l'université. La méthodologie est quantitative, descriptive, transectionnelle non expérimentale. L'enquête porte sur 446 étudiants de 9 carrières de la Faculté d'éducation. Parmi ses résultats, il ressort qu'il n'y a pas de différence significative entre les 6 dimensions du questionnaire lors de la comparaison par sexe, âge et voie d'entrée à l'université. En guise de conclusion, il est possible de souligner que l’instrument est valide et fiable et peut être appliqué dans des contextes académiques.Fil: Rodriguez-Macayo, Emilio. Universidad Católica Silva Henriquez; ChileFil: Cossio-Bolaños, Marco. Universidad Católica del Maule; Chile.Fil: Vidal-Espinoza, Ruben.Universidad Católica Silva Henriquez; Chil

Prediction of fat-free mass from body surface area in young basketball players

Abstract Background Fat Free Mass (FFM) is an important and essential indicator in various sports populations, since greater muscle and bone mass generates greater strength, endurance and speed in athletes. Objective The purpose of the study was to validate Body Surface Area (BSA) as an anthropometric indicator to estimate FFM in young basketball players. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 105 male basketball players of the Brazilian Basketball Confederation of Sao Paulo (Campinas), Brazil. The age range was 11 to 15 years. Weight and height were evaluated. BSA, body mass index (BMI) and maturity status (MS) were calculated. Total body scanning was performed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The components were extracted: Fat mass (FM), Fat free mass (FFM), percentage of fat mass (%FM) and bone mass (BM). The data were analyzed using the correlation coefficient of concordance (CCC) in terms of precision and accuracy. Results Three regression equations were generated: equation 1 had age and body weight as predictors [FFM= -30.059+(2.926*age)+(0.625*Weight)] (R2 = 92%, precision = 0.96 and accuracy = 0.99), equation 2 used age and BSA [FFM=-45.719+(1.934*age)+(39.388*BSA)] (R2 = 94%, precision = 0.97 and accuracy = 0.99) and equation 3 was based on APHV and BSA [FFM=-15.284+(1.765*APHV)+(37.610*(BSA)] (R2 = 94%, precision = 0.96 and accuracy = 0.99). Conclusions The results suggest the use of anthropometric equation using decimal age and BSA to estimate FFM in young basketball players. This new method developed can be used to design, evaluate and control training programs and monitor the weight status of athletes

Mobile teleradiology system suitable for m-health services supporting content and semantic based image retrieval on a grid infrastructure

Teleradiology systems tackle the problem of transferring radiological images between medical image workstations for facilitating different medical activities, e.g., diagnosis, treatment and follow up a patient, medical training, or consulting second opinion. Nowadays, m-Health (aka mobile health) is becoming popular because of high quality of mobile displays, although remains a work in progress. In this paper a mobile teleradiology system is reported, which main contribution is the development of a platform: (1) supported by a Grid infrastructure, (2) using biomedical ontologies for adding semantic annotations on medical images, and (3) supporting semantic and content-based image retrieval. Images are located physically in different repositories like; hospitals and diagnostic imaging centers. All these features make the system ubiquitous, portable, and suitable for m-Health services.Orlando Florid

Validation of a Self-Perceived Adaptive Behaviors Scale in Older Chilean Women and Percentiles for Evaluation

Healthy ageing means optimizing opportunities that allow older individuals to participate actively in society without discrimination. Learning adaptive behaviors (AB) may be extremely important for individuals for all stages of life. The goal of this study was: (a) to create a scale for self-perceived adaptive behavior, and (b) propose percentiles for evaluating AB in older adult women. A self-perception scale was created to measure adaptive behavior. Anthropometric and physical fitness variables for 192 older Chilean women (ages 60 to 88) were collected and evaluated. Content validity reflected agreement from 0.75 to 1.0. Construct validity carried out with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) resulted in 11 dimensions with 62 items in groups. Saturation oscillated between 0.62 and 0.85 with the explanation of variation as 46.27%. Cronbach’s Alpha was r = 0.83. The results indicated that the scale developed was valid and reliable for the Chilean women studied. This scale may be used to measure self-perception of AB patterns in older women. Furthermore, the percentiles allow for classification of the AB by age and anthropometric indices

Subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin for prevention of disease in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trialResearch in context

Summary: Background: Anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIG) can provide standardized and controlled antibody content. Data from controlled clinical trials using hIG for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outpatients have not been reported. We assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin 20% (C19-IG20%) compared to placebo in preventing development of symptomatic COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We did a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in asymptomatic unvaccinated adults (≥18 years of age) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days between April 28 and December 27, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a blinded subcutaneous infusion of 10 mL with 1 g or 2 g of C19-IG20%, or an equivalent volume of saline as placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who remained asymptomatic through day 14 after infusion. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of individuals who required oxygen supplementation, any medically attended visit, hospitalisation, or ICU, and viral load reduction and viral clearance in nasopharyngeal swabs. Safety was assessed as the proportion of patients with adverse events. The trial was terminated early due to a lack of potential benefit in the target population in a planned interim analysis conducted in December 2021. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT04847141. Findings: 461 individuals (mean age 39.6 years [SD 12.8]) were randomized and received the intervention within a mean of 3.1 (SD 1.27) days from a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In the prespecified modified intention-to-treat analysis that included only participants who received a subcutaneous infusion, the primary outcome occurred in 59.9% (91/152) of participants receiving 1 g C19-IG20%, 64.7% (99/153) receiving 2 g, and 63.5% (99/156) receiving placebo (difference in proportions 1 g C19-IG20% vs. placebo, −3.6%; 95% CI -14.6% to 7.3%, p = 0.53; 2 g C19-IG20% vs placebo, 1.1%; −9.6% to 11.9%, p = 0.85). None of the secondary clinical efficacy endpoints or virological endpoints were significantly different between study groups. Adverse event rate was similar between groups, and no severe or life-threatening adverse events related to investigational product infusion were reported. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that administration of subcutaneous human hyperimmune immunoglobulin C19-IG20% to asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was safe but did not prevent development of symptomatic COVID-19. Funding: Grifols

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status