The Connection Between Salvation, Martyrdom and Suffering According to St. Ignatius of Antioch

Ignatius of Antioch passed on many of his ideas about salvation, martyrdom and suffering through the epistles which he wrote shortly before being martyred. The author did not articulate the relationship between salvation and martyrdom very clearly, probably because he had little time to do so. Thus, should some of the expressions he uses, such as “to attain unto God” and “now I am perfected”, be correlated with martyrdom, it would seem that martyrdom is the only way for a Christian to attain unto God and to be perfected. This paper proves that Ignatius did not see martyrdom as a means to achieve salvation, but as the right way for a Christian to leave this earthly life in order to be with God for eternity through the salvation given by Christ

The Connection Between Salvation, Martyrdom and Suffering According to St. Ignatius of Antioch

Ignatius of Antioch passed on many of his ideas about salvation, martyrdom and suffering through the epistles which he wrote shortly before being martyred. The author did not articulate the relationship between salvation and martyrdom very clearly, probably because he had little time to do so. Thus, should some of the expressions he uses, such as “to attain unto God” and “now I am perfected”, be correlated with martyrdom, it would seem that martyrdom is the only way for a Christian to attain unto God and to be perfected. This paper proves that Ignatius did not see martyrdom as a means to achieve salvation, but as the right way for a Christian to leave this earthly life in order to be with God for eternity through the salvation given by Christ

Research and Science Today No. 1(5)/2013

Research and Science Today Journal is a publication founded in 2011 and it is dedicated to the students of all levels (license, master and doctoral) of faculties in the country and abroad. We want to offer the participants the opportunity to present their scientific works in the following areas: Social Sciences, Economic Sciences, Legal Sciences, Humanities, Education Sciences, Engineering, Medicine and Sport. This journal provides students the opportunity to create and/or to improve their abilities to write scientific papers. So each appearance (two appearances per year at which we can add supplements) contains a number of papers written by students, masters and doctoral from the faculties from the country or/and abroad. The journal promotes original studies contributing to the progress of knowledge and it is motivated by the need to address issues of theory and practice in the areas mentioned above

Research and Science Today No. 1(5)/2013

Research and Science Today Journal is a publication founded in 2011 and it is dedicated to the students of all levels (license, master and doctoral) of faculties in the country and abroad. We want to offer the participants the opportunity to present their scientific works in the following areas: Social Sciences, Economic Sciences, Legal Sciences, Humanities, Education Sciences, Engineering, Medicine and Sport. This journal provides students the opportunity to create and/or to improve their abilities to write scientific papers. So each appearance (two appearances per year at which we can add supplements) contains a number of papers written by students, masters and doctoral from the faculties from the country or/and abroad. The journal promotes original studies contributing to the progress of knowledge and it is motivated by the need to address issues of theory and practice in the areas mentioned above

Key Learning Outcomes for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Education in Europe: A Modified Delphi Study.

Harmonizing clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education in Europe is necessary to ensure that the prescribing competency of future doctors is of a uniform high standard. As there are currently no uniform requirements, our aim was to achieve consensus on key learning outcomes for undergraduate CPT education in Europe. We used a modified Delphi method consisting of three questionnaire rounds and a panel meeting. A total of 129 experts from 27 European countries were asked to rate 307 learning outcomes. In all, 92 experts (71%) completed all three questionnaire rounds, and 33 experts (26%) attended the meeting. 232 learning outcomes from the original list, 15 newly suggested and 5 rephrased outcomes were included. These 252 learning outcomes should be included in undergraduate CPT curricula to ensure that European graduates are able to prescribe safely and effectively. We provide a blueprint of a European core curriculum describing when and how the learning outcomes might be acquired

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Povezanost spasenja, mučeništva i trpljenja prema sv. Ignaciju Antiohijskom

Ignacije Antiohijski prenio nam je velik dio svojih ideja o spasenju, mučeništvu i trpljenju poslanicama koje je napisao nedugo prije svog mučeništva. Autor nije baš jasno artikulirao odnos između spasenja i mučeništva, vjerojatno zbog toga što nije imao dovoljno vremena da to učini. Stoga, ako uzajamno povežemo neke od izraza koje upotrebljava kao što su “doseći Boga” i “sada sam usavršen” sa činom mučeništva, činilo bi se da je mučeništvo jedini način za kršćanina da dođe do Boga i da postane savršen. Ovaj rad dokazuje da Ignacije ne smatra mučeništvo sredstvom za postizanje spasenja, već ispravnim načinom kojim kršćanin treba živjeti zemaljski život kako bi bio s Bogom u vječnosti, zahvaljujući spasenju koje mu je dano po Kristu

Centrality dependence of particle production in p-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\rm NN} }= 5.02 TeV

We report measurements of the primary charged particle pseudorapidity density and transverse momentum distributions in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV, and investigate their correlation with experimental observables sensitive to the centrality of the collision. Centrality classes are defined using different event activity estimators, i.e. charged particle multiplicities measured in three disjunct pseudorapidity regions as well as the energy measured at beam rapidity (zero-degree). The procedures to determine the centrality, quantified by the number of participants ($N_{\rm part}$), or the number of nucleon-nucleon binary collisions ($N_{\rm coll}$), are described. We show that, in contrast to Pb-Pb collisions, in p-Pb collisions large multiplicity fluctuations together with the small range of participants available, generate a dynamical bias in centrality classes based on particle multiplicity. We propose to use the zero-degree energy, which we expect not to introduce a dynamical bias, as an alternative event-centrality estimator. Based on zero-degree energy centrality classes, the $N_{\rm part}$ dependence of particle production is studied. Under the assumption that the multiplicity measured in the Pb-going rapidity region scales with the number of Pb-participants, an approximate independence of the multiplicity per participating nucleon measured at mid-rapitity of the number of participating nucleons is observed. Furthermore, at high-$p_{\rm T}$ the p-Pb spectra are found to be consistent with the pp spectra scaled by $N_{\rm coll}$ for all centrality classes. Our results represent valuable input for the study of the event activity dependence of hard probes in p-Pb collision and, hence, help to establish baselines for the interpretation of the Pb-Pb data