New dynamical pair breaking effect

A dynamical pair breaking effect is evidenced at very low excitation energies. For this purpose, a new set of time-dependent coupled channel equations for pair-breaking in superfluid systems are deduced from the variational principle. These equations give the probability to destroy or to create a Cooper pair under the action of some perturbations or when the mean field varies in time. The odd-even effect in fission is investigated within the model as an example. For this purpose, the time-dependent probability to find the system in a seniority-one or in a seniority-two state is restricted in the sense that the perturbations are considered only in the avoided crossing regions.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Highly versatile atomic micro traps generated by multifrequency magnetic field modulation

We propose the realization of custom-designed adiabatic potentials for cold atoms based on multimode radio frequency radiation in combination with static inhomogeneous magnetic fields. For example, the use of radio frequency combs gives rise to periodic potentials acting as gratings for cold atoms. In strong magnetic field gradients the lattice constant can be well below 1 micrometer. By changing the frequencies of the comb in time the gratings can easily be propagated in space, which may prove useful for Bragg scattering atomic matter waves. Furthermore, almost arbitrarily shaped potential are possible such as disordered potentials on a scale of several 100 nm or lattices with a spatially varying lattice constant. The potentials can be made state selective and, in the case of atomic mixtures, also species selective. This opens new perspectives for generating tailored quantum systems based on ultra cold single atoms or degenerate atomic and molecular quantum gases.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Accurate spectroscopy of Sr atoms

We report the frequency measurement with an accuracy in the 100 kHz range of several optical transitions of atomic Sr : $^1S_0- ^3P_1$ at 689 nm, $^3P_1- ^3S_1$ at 688 nm and $^3P_0- ^3S_1$ at 679 nm. Measurements are performed with a frequency chain based on a femtosecond laser referenced to primary frequency standards. They allowed the indirect determination with a 70 kHz uncertainty of the frequency of the doubly forbidden 5s^2^1S_0- 5s5p^3P_0 transition of $^{87}$Sr at 698 nm and in a second step its direct observation. Frequency measurements are performed for $^{88}$Sr and $^{87}$Sr, allowing the determination of $^3P_0$, $^3P_1$ and $^3S_1$ isotope shifts, as well as the $^3S_1$ hyperfine constants.Comment: 12 pages, 16 figure

Landau-Zener transitions in qubits controlled by electromagnetic fields

We investigate the influence of a dipole interaction with a classical radiation field on a qubit during a continuous change of a control parameter. In particular, we explore the non-adiabatic transitions that occur when the qubit is swept with linear speed through resonances with the time-dependent interaction. Two classical problems come together in this model: the Landau-Zener and the Rabi problem. The probability of Landau-Zener transitions now depends sensitively on the amplitude, the frequency and the phase of the Rabi interaction. The influence of the static phase turns out to be particularly strong, since this parameter controls the time-reversal symmetry of the Hamiltonian. In the limits of large and small frequencies, analytical results obtained within a rotating-wave approximation compare favourably with a numerically exact solution. Some physical realizations of the model are discussed, both in microwave optics and in magnetic systems.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Microscopic Dynamics in a Strongly Interacting Bose-Einstein Condensate

An initially stable 85Rb Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) was subjected to a carefully controlled magnetic field pulse in the vicinity of a Feshbach resonance. This pulse probed the strongly interacting regime for the condensate, with calculated values for the diluteness parameter (na^3) ranging from 0.01 to 0.5. The field pulse was observed to cause loss of atoms from the condensate on remarkably short time scales (>=10 microsec). The dependence of this loss on magnetic field pulse shape and amplitude was measured. For triangular pulses shorter than 1 ms, decreasing the pulse length actually increased the loss, until extremely short time scales (a few tens of microseconds) were reached. Such time scales and dependencies are very different from those expected in traditional condensate inelastic loss processes, suggesting the presence of new microscopic BEC physics.Comment: 4 pages in latex2E, 4 eps figures; revised Fig.1, revised scatt.lengths, added discussion, new refs., resubmitted to PR

Optics with an Atom Laser Beam

We report on the atom optical manipulation of an atom laser beam. Reflection, focusing and its storage in a resonator are demonstrated. Precise and versatile mechanical control over an atom laser beam propagating in an inhomogeneous magnetic field is achieved by optically inducing spin-flips between atomic ground states with different magnetic moment. The magnetic force acting on the atoms can thereby be effectively switched on and off. The surface of the atom optical element is determined by the resonance condition for the spin-flip in the inhomogeneous magnetic field. A mirror reflectivity of more than 98% is measured

Social påverkan vid trycksår hos ryggmärgsskadade personer

Bakgrund: trycksår är ett stort problem bland ryggmärgsskadade (SCI, spinal cord injury) personer och orsakar stort lidande. Studier har visat att SCI personer med trycksår upplever minskad livskvalitet samt att tillståndet hindrar dem att återfå självständighet och normalitet efter SCI. De upplevde även att trycksår begränsade dem i sociala sammanhang men också att socialt stöd bidrog till minskat känslomässigt lidande. Syfte: beskriva hur trycksår påverkar SCI personer i sociala sammanhang. Metod: studien var en litteraturstudie. Litteratursökningarna gjordes i databaserna CINAHL, PubMed och PSYCinfo. Artiklarna granskades utifrån bedömningsmall för kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier. Resultat: fyra teman ligger till grund för resultatet; begränsningar i socialt deltagande, påverkan på arbetssituationen, att fungera som familj, intima relationer. Fynden från artiklarna visade att trycksår överlag påverkar SCI personer i sociala sammanhang på olika sätt, vare sig det gäller i interaktion med vänner, familj eller i relationer. Det går i den här studien att se att personers sociala nätverk blir lidande tillexempel på grund av trycksårsprevention, sjukhusbehandling och den psykiska inverkan som trycksår har på dessa personer. Slutsats: det finns en tydlig vilja hos SCI personer att bevara det sociala livet. De försöker leva ett liv som inte påverkas av de begränsningar som trycksår medför. Sjuksköterskans roll är att aktivt delta i vården med att finna yttre resurser samt att lyfta fram inre resurser hos personen. Detta leder till ökad självständighet och kunskap som i sin tur ökar välbefinnandet.Background: pressure ulcers are a major problem among spinal cord injured (SCI, spinal cord injury) individuals and causes great suffering. Studies have shown that SCI persons with pressure ulcers experience a reduced quality of life and the condition prevents them to regain independence and normality after SCI. They also felt that pressure ulcers confined them in a social context, but also that social support contributed to decreased emotional distress. Objective: The objective is to describe how pressure ulcers effects SCI individuals in social contexts. Method: the study was a literature review. The literature searches were made in the databases CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO. Articles were reviewed by the assessment model for qualitative and quantitative studies. Results: the result is based on four themes; restrictions in social participation, impact on the work situation, to act as family, intimate relationships. The overall findings from the study shows that pressure ulcers generally effects SCI individuals in social contexts in different ways, whether it’s in interaction with friends, family or in relationships. It is possible in this study to ensure that people's social networks are suffering, for example, because of pressure ulcer prevention, hospital treatment and the psychological impact that pressure ulcers have on these people. Conclusion: there is a clear desire to preserve social life. SCI people are trying to live a life that is not affected by the restrictions sores causes. The nurse's role is to actively participate in the care of finding external resources and to highlight inner resources of the person. This leads to increased independence and knowledge, which in turn improves well-being

Social påverkan vid trycksår hos ryggmärgsskadade personer

Bakgrund: trycksår är ett stort problem bland ryggmärgsskadade (SCI, spinal cord injury) personer och orsakar stort lidande. Studier har visat att SCI personer med trycksår upplever minskad livskvalitet samt att tillståndet hindrar dem att återfå självständighet och normalitet efter SCI. De upplevde även att trycksår begränsade dem i sociala sammanhang men också att socialt stöd bidrog till minskat känslomässigt lidande. Syfte: beskriva hur trycksår påverkar SCI personer i sociala sammanhang. Metod: studien var en litteraturstudie. Litteratursökningarna gjordes i databaserna CINAHL, PubMed och PSYCinfo. Artiklarna granskades utifrån bedömningsmall för kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier. Resultat: fyra teman ligger till grund för resultatet; begränsningar i socialt deltagande, påverkan på arbetssituationen, att fungera som familj, intima relationer. Fynden från artiklarna visade att trycksår överlag påverkar SCI personer i sociala sammanhang på olika sätt, vare sig det gäller i interaktion med vänner, familj eller i relationer. Det går i den här studien att se att personers sociala nätverk blir lidande tillexempel på grund av trycksårsprevention, sjukhusbehandling och den psykiska inverkan som trycksår har på dessa personer. Slutsats: det finns en tydlig vilja hos SCI personer att bevara det sociala livet. De försöker leva ett liv som inte påverkas av de begränsningar som trycksår medför. Sjuksköterskans roll är att aktivt delta i vården med att finna yttre resurser samt att lyfta fram inre resurser hos personen. Detta leder till ökad självständighet och kunskap som i sin tur ökar välbefinnandet.Background: pressure ulcers are a major problem among spinal cord injured (SCI, spinal cord injury) individuals and causes great suffering. Studies have shown that SCI persons with pressure ulcers experience a reduced quality of life and the condition prevents them to regain independence and normality after SCI. They also felt that pressure ulcers confined them in a social context, but also that social support contributed to decreased emotional distress. Objective: The objective is to describe how pressure ulcers effects SCI individuals in social contexts. Method: the study was a literature review. The literature searches were made in the databases CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO. Articles were reviewed by the assessment model for qualitative and quantitative studies. Results: the result is based on four themes; restrictions in social participation, impact on the work situation, to act as family, intimate relationships. The overall findings from the study shows that pressure ulcers generally effects SCI individuals in social contexts in different ways, whether it’s in interaction with friends, family or in relationships. It is possible in this study to ensure that people's social networks are suffering, for example, because of pressure ulcer prevention, hospital treatment and the psychological impact that pressure ulcers have on these people. Conclusion: there is a clear desire to preserve social life. SCI people are trying to live a life that is not affected by the restrictions sores causes. The nurse's role is to actively participate in the care of finding external resources and to highlight inner resources of the person. This leads to increased independence and knowledge, which in turn improves well-being

Reads of Sequenced Mock Samples

raw data of Mock Samples sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq Plattform. Split by Mock Sample Pool, Primers Used, Library Preparation Protocol, and Replicate numbe