Physical demands focused on external factors in elite football players

El fútbol es el deporte más popular en el mundo y lo practican tanto hombres, como mujeres y niños con diferentes niveles de experiencia. La práctica del fútbol depende de una multitud de factores como son la técnica, biomecánica, táctica, áreas mentales y demandas fisiológicas. La información ha sido recabada de diversos artículos científicos y revisiones relacionadas con el tema, todos ellos de actualidad y seleccionando únicamente la información que nos interesa en relación a este tema. En el presente artículo se describen los factores externos más importantes y que mayor influencia tienen en el rendimiento del deportista y que se deberían de tener en cuenta. Se muestran las demandas relacionadas con la distancia total recorrida por los jugadores durante los partidos, la intensidad y velocidad de desplazamiento, las acciones según el puesto específico que ocupa cada jugador en el terreno de juego y, por último, la superficie de contacto

Demandas físicas centradas en factores externos del futbolista profesional

Football is the most popular sport in the world and is performed by men and women, children and adults with different levels of expertise. Football performance depends upon a myriad of factors such as technical, biomechanical, tactical, mental and physiological areas. The information was gathered from various scientific articles and reviews related with this topic, all of them updated and selecting the information that only interests in relation to this issue. In the present study are described the most influential and important external factors in the footballers’ performance. They are shown below the demands related to the total distance covered by footballers during the matches, the intensity and speed, the actions according to the player position in the field, and, finally, the contact surface.El fútbol es el deporte más popular en el mundo y lo practican tanto hombres, como mujeres y niños con diferentes niveles de experiencia. La práctica del fútbol depende de una multitud de factores como son la técnica, biomecánica, táctica, áreas mentales y demandas fisiológicas. La información ha sido recabada de diversos artículos científicos y revisiones relacionadas con el tema, todos ellos de actualidad y seleccionando únicamente la información que nos interesa en relación a este tema. En el presente artículo se describen los factores externos más importantes y que mayor influencia tienen en el rendimiento del deportista y que se deberían de tener en cuenta. Se muestran las demandas relacionadas con la distancia total recorrida por los jugadores durante los partidos, la intensidad y velocidad de desplazamiento, las acciones según el puesto específico que ocupa cada jugador en el terreno de juego y, por último, la superficie de contacto

Psychological and environmental factors for older adults to exercise : a systematic review

Research investigation concerning potential motivators and psychological influences on health and physical exercise participation have increased worldwide in the last two decades. In contrast, few investigations have analysed this phenomenon in older people living in different contexts. Older adults suffer a notable diminution of physical functions that may be followed by psychological disorders and are detrimental to their affective and social relationships. Therefore, it is of great importance to find strategies that increase the participation of older adults' in regular exercise. A systematic review of 945 studies was conducted. All of the 27 studies reviewed, that met the inclusion criteria, have undertaken mixed-method, qualitative and qualitative approaches. The data were extracted based on the following variables: the methodology and the instrument/questionnaire used, the type of article, number of participants, duration and intensity of the interventions, profile of the older adults, most relevant findings and the country where the study was developed. The instruments used in the studies, were mainly semi-structured interviews, discussion groups and questionnaires, focusing mainly on the United States and Canada. The knowledge of psychological and environmental factors is a key aspect relevant to both the social and physical aspects and has a strong influence on older people's commitment to exercise, influencing their wellbeing. The aim of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators of adherence to a physical exercise programme for older adults.Las investigaciones sobre los posibles factores motivadores e influencias psicológicas sobre la salud y la participación en el ejercicio físico han aumentado en todo el mundo en las últimas dos décadas. En contraste, pocas investigaciones han analizado este fenómeno en adultos mayores que viven en varios contextos. Los adultos mayores sufren una disminución notable de las funciones físicas que pueden ser seguidas por trastornos psicológicos y un detrimento de las relaciones afectivas y sociales. Por lo tanto, es de suma importancia encontrar estrategias para aumentar la participación regular de los adultos mayores en prácticas de ejercicio físico dirigido. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de 945 estudios. Todos los 27 estudios revisados, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, han adoptado métodos mixtos, cuantitativos y cualitativos. Los datos se extrajeron de acuerdo con las siguientes variables: metodología científica, el instrumento / cuestionario utilizado, tipo de artículo, número de participantes, duración e intensidad de las intervenciones, perfil del colectivo de adultos mayores, los hallazgos más relevantes y el país donde se realizó el estudio. Los instrumentos utilizados en los estudios fueron principalmente entrevistas semiestructuradas, grupos de discusión y cuestionarios, centrados principalmente en Estados Unidos y Canadá. El conocimiento sobre los factores psicológicos y ambientales es un aspecto clave que se encuentra adyacente tanto a los aspectos físicos como a los sociales y tiene una influencia relevante en el ejercicio y el bienestar de los adultos mayores. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las barreras y los facilitadores a la hora de realizar un programa de ejercicio físico para adultos mayores.Pesquisas sobre possíveis fatores motivadores e influências psicológicas na saúde e participação em exercícios físicos au-mentaram em todo o mundo nas últimas duas décadas. Por outro lado, poucas investigações analisaram esse fenômeno em idosos que vivem em vários contextos. Os idosos sofrem uma diminuição notável nas funções físicas que podem ser segui-das por distúrbios psicológicos e um prejuízo para as relações afetivas e sociais. Portanto, é de extrema importância encon-trar estratégias para aumentar a participação regular de idosos em práticas direcionadas de exercícios físicos. Uma revisão sistemática de 945 estudos foi realizada. Todos os 21 estudos revisados, que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, adotaram métodos mistos, quantitativos e qualitativos. Os dados foram extraídos de acordo com as seguintes variáveis: metodologia científica, instrumento / questionário utilizado, tipo de artigo, número de participantes, duração e intensidade das interven-ções, perfil do grupo de idosos, achados mais relevantes e país onde o estudo foi realizado. Os instrumentos utilizados nos estudos foram principalmente entrevistos semiestruturadas, grupos de discussão e questionários, focados principalmente nos Estados Unidos e no Canadá. O conhecimento de fatores psicológicos e ambientais é um aspecto fundamental, adja-cente aos aspectos físicos e sociais, e tem uma influência relevante no exercício e no bem-estar dos idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar as barreiras e facilitadores na realização de um programa de exercícios físicos para idosos

Bioavailability and systemic transport of oleanolic acid in humans, formulated as a functional olive oil

14 Páginas.-- 6 Figuras.-- 2 TablasEvidence of the pharmacological activity of oleanolic acid (OA) suggests its potential therapeutic application. However, its use in functional foods, dietary supplements, or nutraceuticals is hindered by limited human bioavailability studies. The BIO-OLTRAD trial is a double-blind, randomized controlled study with 22 participants that received a single dose of 30 mg OA formulated as a functional olive oil. The study revealed that the maximum serum concentration of OA ranged from 500 to 600 ng mL-1, with an AUC0-∞ value of 2862.50 ± 174.50 ng h mL-1. Furthermore, we discovered a physiological association of OA with serum albumin and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). UV absorption spectra showed conformational changes in serum albumin due to the formation of an adduct with OA. Additionally, we demonstrated that TRL incorporate OA, reaching a maximum concentration of 140 ng mL-1 after 2-4 hours. We conjecture that both are efficient carriers to reach target tissues and to yield high bioavailability.This research is part of the R+D+i project PID2019-107837RB-I00, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/Spanish National Research Agency, grant number MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/. A. G.-G. is grateful for funding received from the “Next Generation EU” funds, the European Union through the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan and by the Ministry of Universities, in the framework of the Margarita Salas, Maria Zambrano grants for the Requalification of the Spanish University System 2021–2023, organized by the Pablo de Olavide University, Seville. J. J. R.-M. obtained an Erasmus+ scholarship (No. 2021-1-IT02-KA131-HED-000008483) from the University of Sassari (ITALY), for a stay at the Department of Food and Health of the Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC. The authors especially thank the ACESUR Group (Dos Hermanas, Seville, Spain), which donated the commercial olive oil for the trial. This collaborator had no role in the design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.Peer reviewe

Key aspects on physical fitness and injury prevention programs in football: a narrative review

Football practice depends on many factors such as technical, biomechanical, psychological and physiological components. Football is a sport with a high incidence of injury during training and practice, especially in competition. In this article various data about injuries and their causes in high-level players are collected. The main aim of this paper was to analyze the references and studies about training and injury prevention to complement the training sessions, whose main objectives are improving the performance and reducing the incidence of injury in football. The information has been gathered from various scientific articles and reviews related to the topic, all current and selecting only the information that interests us regarding this issue. In addition, it's proposed a training program based on the literature discoveries. In conclusion, the key elements of an effective program of strengthening and injury prevention for football players should contain cardio, functional strength (where the eccentric work of the femoral biceps is included), trunk stability, neuromuscular balance, plyometrics and stretching static or dynamic depending on the time of the session

Psychological and environmental factors for older adults to exercise : a systematic review

Research investigation concerning potential motivators and psychological influences on health and physical exercise participation have increased worldwide in the last two decades. In contrast, few investigations have analysed this phenomenon in older people living in different contexts. Older adults suffer a notable diminution of physical functions that may be followed by psychological disorders and are detrimental to their affective and social relationships. Therefore, it is of great importance to find strategies that increase the participation of older adults' in regular exercise. A systematic review of 945 studies was conducted. All of the 27 studies reviewed, that met the inclusion criteria, have undertaken mixed-method, qualitative and qualitative approaches. The data were extracted based on the following variables: the methodology and the instrument/questionnaire used, the type of article, number of participants, duration and intensity of the interventions, profile of the older adults, most relevant findings and the country where the study was developed. The instruments used in the studies, were mainly semi-structured interviews, discussion groups and questionnaires, focusing mainly on the United States and Canada. The knowledge of psychological and environmental factors is a key aspect relevant to both the social and physical aspects and has a strong influence on older people's commitment to exercise, influencing their wellbeing. The aim of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators of adherence to a physical exercise programme for older adults.Las investigaciones sobre los posibles factores motivadores e influencias psicológicas sobre la salud y la participación en el ejercicio físico han aumentado en todo el mundo en las últimas dos décadas. En contraste, pocas investigaciones han analizado este fenómeno en adultos mayores que viven en varios contextos. Los adultos mayores sufren una disminución notable de las funciones físicas que pueden ser seguidas por trastornos psicológicos y un detrimento de las relaciones afectivas y sociales. Por lo tanto, es de suma importancia encontrar estrategias para aumentar la participación regular de los adultos mayores en prácticas de ejercicio físico dirigido. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de 945 estudios. Todos los 27 estudios revisados, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, han adoptado métodos mixtos, cuantitativos y cualitativos. Los datos se extrajeron de acuerdo con las siguientes variables: metodología científica, el instrumento / cuestionario utilizado, tipo de artículo, número de participantes, duración e intensidad de las intervenciones, perfil del colectivo de adultos mayores, los hallazgos más relevantes y el país donde se realizó el estudio. Los instrumentos utilizados en los estudios fueron principalmente entrevistas semiestructuradas, grupos de discusión y cuestionarios, centrados principalmente en Estados Unidos y Canadá. El conocimiento sobre los factores psicológicos y ambientales es un aspecto clave que se encuentra adyacente tanto a los aspectos físicos como a los sociales y tiene una influencia relevante en el ejercicio y el bienestar de los adultos mayores. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las barreras y los facilitadores a la hora de realizar un programa de ejercicio físico para adultos mayores.Pesquisas sobre possíveis fatores motivadores e influências psicológicas na saúde e participação em exercícios físicos au-mentaram em todo o mundo nas últimas duas décadas. Por outro lado, poucas investigações analisaram esse fenômeno em idosos que vivem em vários contextos. Os idosos sofrem uma diminuição notável nas funções físicas que podem ser segui-das por distúrbios psicológicos e um prejuízo para as relações afetivas e sociais. Portanto, é de extrema importância encon-trar estratégias para aumentar a participação regular de idosos em práticas direcionadas de exercícios físicos. Uma revisão sistemática de 945 estudos foi realizada. Todos os 21 estudos revisados, que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, adotaram métodos mistos, quantitativos e qualitativos. Os dados foram extraídos de acordo com as seguintes variáveis: metodologia científica, instrumento / questionário utilizado, tipo de artigo, número de participantes, duração e intensidade das interven-ções, perfil do grupo de idosos, achados mais relevantes e país onde o estudo foi realizado. Os instrumentos utilizados nos estudos foram principalmente entrevistos semiestruturadas, grupos de discussão e questionários, focados principalmente nos Estados Unidos e no Canadá. O conhecimento de fatores psicológicos e ambientais é um aspecto fundamental, adja-cente aos aspectos físicos e sociais, e tem uma influência relevante no exercício e no bem-estar dos idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar as barreiras e facilitadores na realização de um programa de exercícios físicos para idosos

Oleanolic acid bioavailability in human serum

[Description of methods used for collection/generation of data] 1. Extraction and GC-MS determination (DOI 10.1002/bmc.3480); 2. UV Spectrophotometry method for OA-HSA association (DOI 10.1021/jf1039537); 3. Enzymatic methods were used to determine serum glucose, total cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides, whereas LDL was estimated by the Friedewald formula (14). Total lipoprotein Apo B (Apo B48 + Apo B100) was quantified by an immunoturbidimetric assay (Tinaquant; Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), and serum insulin using an ELISA kit (Diaclone, Besançon, France).[Methods for processing the data] The variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), unless otherwise stated. Differences between the study groups were evaluated by one- or two-way ANOVA, following by Bonferroni´s multiple-comparison test or Kruskal-Wallis test.Evidence of the pharmacological activity of oleanolic acid (OA) suggests its potential therapeutic application. However, its use in functional foods, dietary supplements, or nutraceuticals is hindered by limited human bioavailability studies. The BIO-OLTRAD trial is a double-blind, randomized controlled study with 22 participants that received a single dose of 30 mg OA formulated as a functional olive oil. The study revealed that the maximum serum concentration of OA ranged from 500 to 600 ng/mL, with an AUC0–∞ value of 2862.50 ± 174.50 ng·h/mL. Furthermore, we discovered a physiological association of OA with serum albumin and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). UV absorption spectra showed conformational changes in serum albumin due to the formation of an adduct with OA. Additionally, we demonstrated that TRL incorporate OA, reaching a maximum concentration of 140 ng/mL after 2-4 hours. We conjecture that both are efficient carriers to reach target tissues and to yield high bioavailability. This dataset includes the raw data used in the elaboration of the results reported in the article (DOI).This research is part of the R+D+i project PID2019-107837RB-I00, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/Spanish Research Agency, grant number MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/.1.Row data OA pharmacokinetics in human serum; 2. Raw data OA-HSA association; 3. Row data OA in TRL; 4. Raw data blood biochemistryPeer reviewe

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts