Potential of Artificial Wetlands for Removing Pesticides from Water in a Cost-Effective Framework

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the implication of wetland construction for the cost-effective design of a pesticide charge. A model is developed in order to show that, for a given target, the introduction of wetland construction can reduce overall abatement costs and can lower the input charge asked to the farmers. This result remains true as long as the cost of constructing a wetland is not too high. A numerical illustration is carried out in order to simulate pesticide regulations in a wine catchment in North-East of Francewater policy, constructed wetlands, agricultural pollution regulation, Agribusiness, Land Economics/Use, Q25, Q58, K32,

Potential of Artificial Wetlands for Removing Pesticides from Water in a Cost-effectiveness Framework

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Flow and geochemistry of groundwater beneath a back-barrier lagoon : the subterranean estuary at Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA

This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Marine Chemistry 113 (2009): 78-92, doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.004.To better understand large-scale interactions between fresh and saline groundwater beneath an Atlantic coastal estuary, an offshore drilling and sampling study was performed in a large barrier-bounded lagoon, Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA. Groundwater that was significantly fresher than overlying bay water was found in shallow plumes up to 8 m thick extending more than 1700 m offshore. Groundwater saltier than bay surface water was found locally beneath the lagoon and the barrier island, indicating recharge by saline water concentrated by evaporation prior to infiltration. Steep salinity and nutrient gradients occur within a few meters of the sediment surface in most locations studied, with buried peats and estuarine muds acting as confining units. Groundwater ages were generally more than 50 years in both fresh and brackish waters as deep as 23 m below the bay bottom. Water chemistry and isotopic data indicate that freshened plumes beneath the estuary are mixtures of water originally recharged on land and varying amounts of estuarine surface water that circulated through the bay floor, possibly at some distance from the sampling location. Ammonium is the dominant fixed nitrogen species in saline groundwater beneath the estuary at the locations sampled. Isotopic and dissolved-gas data from one location indicate that denitrification within the subsurface flow system removed terrestrial nitrate from fresh groundwater prior to discharge along the western side of the estuary. Similar situations, with one or more shallow semi-confined flow systems where groundwater geochemistry is strongly influenced by circulation of surface estuary water through organic-rich sediments, may be common on the Atlantic margin and elsewhere.Primary funding was provided by USGS (Coastal and Marine Geology Program and National Research Program in Water Resources) with additional material support from the National Park Service (C. Zimmerman) and the University of Toledo

The socioeconomics of genetically modified biofortified crops: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Building upon the growing interest and research on genetically modified (GM) biofortification, its socioeconomic potential has been increasingly examined. We conducted two systematic reviews and meta-analyses to provide comprehensive evidence of consumers' willingness to pay (11 economic valuation studies, 64 estimates) and cost-effectiveness/benefits (five economic evaluation studies, 30 estimates). Worldwide, consumers were willing to pay 23.9% more for GM biofortified food crops. Aside from crop and design-related differences, information provision was deemed crucial. Positive information (nutrition and GM benefits) is associated with the highest consumer willingness to pay, compared with negative, objective, and conflicting GM information, especially when negative information was mentioned last. This health intervention would reduce the aggregated micronutrient deficiency burden in Asia (15.6 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)) by 12.5-51.4%, at a low cost of USD 7.9-27.8 per DALY in a pessimistic and optimistic scenario, respectively. Given that GM biofortified crops could tackle hidden hunger in a cost-effective and well-accepted way, its implementation is worth pursuing. A case study on folate biofortification further elaborates on the importance of socioeconomic research and the determinants of their market potential

Potential of Artificial Wetlands for Removing Pesticides from Water in a Cost-Effective Framework

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the implication of wetland construction for the cost-effective design of a pesticide charge. A model is developed in order to show that, for a given target, the introduction of wetland construction can reduce overall abatement costs and can lower the input charge asked to the farmers. This result remains true as long as the cost of constructing a wetland is not too high. A numerical illustration is carried out in order to simulate pesticide regulations in a wine catchment in North-East of Franc

Potential of artificial wetlands for removing pesticides from water in a cost-effective framework

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the implication of wetland construction for the cost-effective design of a pesticide charge. A model is developed in order to show that, for a given target, the introduction of wetland construction can reduce overall abatement costs and can lower the input charge asked to the farmers. This result remains true as long as the cost of constructing a wetland is not too high. A numerical illustration is carried out in order to simulate pesticide regulations in a wine catchment in North-East of France.Water policy, constructed wetlands, agricultural pollution regulation

Analyse diachronique de la vulnérabilité par l’évaluation des dommages potentiels : quels enjeux dans le temps ?

Située le long de la Liepvrette, une rivière torrentielledes Vosges moyennes, la ville de Lièpvre (Alsace, France) a subiun intense développement urbain en zone inondable depuis la finde la Seconde Guerre mondiale. En l’absence de dispositifs deprotection suffisants, cela s’est traduit par une augmentationsignificative du risque, liée, surtout, à uneaugmentation de la vulnérabilité. Pour quantifier cettedernière, nous nous sommes appuyés sur une méthodeinnovante qui allie approche géohistorique (collected’informations dans les archives, reconstruction cartographiquedes enjeux passés) et modélisation des crues dans desconditions hydrauliques antérieures. Ce travail,réalisé dans le cadre du programme franco-allemandANR-DFG TRANSRISK 2, a permis d’évaluer le risque entermes économiques, condition nécessaire pourhiérarchiser les différents paramètres du risqueet analyser son évolution dans le temps et dans l’espace.Since the end of the World War 2, the municipality of Lièpvre (Alsace, France – located along the Lièpvrette river) knew an intense urbanization of its flooded areas. The risk of floods (and the vulnerability of the municipality) increased until that time, mainly because of a lack of protection. To quantify this vulnerability we develop an innovative method based on geohistory (to collect data on past events) and modelling of past hydraulic conditions. This study allows us to quantify the risk in an economic way to order the factors at risk. The results allow us to analyze the risk evolution in time and space. This study was done within the ANR-DFG-TRANSRISKS 2 project

Analyse diachronique de la vulnérabilité par l’évaluation des dommages potentiels : quels enjeux dans le temps ?

Située le long de la Liepvrette, une rivière torrentielle des Vosges moyennes, la ville de Lièpvre (Alsace, France) a subi un intense développement urbain en zone inondable depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. En l’absence de dispositifs de protection suffisants, cela s’est traduit par une augmentation significative du risque, liée, surtout, à une augmentation de la vulnérabilité. Pour quantifier cette dernière, nous nous sommes appuyés sur une méthode innovante qui allie approche géohistorique (collecte d’informations dans les archives, reconstruction cartographique des enjeux passés) et modélisation des crues dans des conditions hydrauliques antérieures. Ce travail, réalisé dans le cadre du programme franco-allemand ANR-DFG TRANSRISK 2, a permis d’évaluer le risque en termes économiques, condition nécessaire pour hiérarchiser les différents paramètres du risque et analyser son évolution dans le temps et dans l’espace.Since the end of the World War 2, the municipality of Lièpvre (Alsace, France – located along the Lièpvrette river) knew an intense urbanization of its flooded areas. The risk of floods (and the vulnerability of the municipality) increased until that time, mainly because of a lack of protection. To quantify this vulnerability we develop an innovative method based on geohistory (to collect data on past events) and modelling of past hydraulic conditions. This study allows us to quantify the risk in an economic way to order the factors at risk. The results allow us to analyze the risk evolution in time and space. This study was done within the ANR-DFG-TRANSRISKS 2 project