the Feasibility of Developing the Application of rural- Agricultural waste Management in Masal township, Iran

The waste of agricultural products is considered as one of the major problems in Iranian agricultural sector. The present study is a descriptive-survey that focused on exploring correlations and comparison. Data were collected through a research made questionnaires and were analyzed by SPSS. The relationships between dependent and independent variables were analyzed by obtaining the Pearson's correlation coefficient. The statistical population of the study comprised the participants of vermicompost training courses in 2011-12, farmers of Estalkh Zir Village where the vermicompost project was implemented, and facilitators and promoters of the agricultural sector. The results showed that there was a relationship between the dependent (familiarity, the skills and interest rate) and independent variables (agricultural waste management) and that it was confirmed p<0.05) that the impact of the four independent variables was significant on the dependent variable at 0.05 level. As a result, all factors as independent variables are believed to have contributed to waste management. Duncan’s test also indicated that there was a significant difference in terms of waste management among the existing factors, namely interest rate, levels of familiarity and awareness, skills, and support from authorities

Job Crafting and the Role of Self-efficacy and Engagement in the Academic Jobs

Introduction: Job crafting is the process of making proactive changes in the boundariescomposing a job, which are known as mental fences that individuals adopt to define their job’sphysical, emotional, or cognitive limitations. Job crafting considers the change in the natureof jobs, whether realistically in the form of task crafting and relational crafting, or as cognitiveperceptions. In this study, the role of self-efficacy as the antecedent and work engagement asthe consequence of job crafting was studied.Methods: The jobs were academic and the sample was selected from faculty members ofShiraz University of Medical Sciences. The research questionnaires were distributed amongfaculty members of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. A PLS model is analyzed andinterpreted in two stages: the assessment of the reliability and validity of the measurementmodel, and the assessment of the structural model.Results: The results showed that self-efficacy was positively related to all dimensions ofjob crafting. Moreover, the triple dimensions of job crafting had a significant positiveeffect on work engagement. The moderating role of gender and academic level in therelationship between self-efficacy and work engagement was confirmed. However, theresults showed that gender did not moderate the relationship between self-efficacy andtask crafting.Conclusion: The main novelty of this research is the study of job crafting, self-efficacy andengagement variables considering the moderating role of gender and academic level

Dichlorido(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)mercury(II) acetonitrile hemisolvate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [HgCl2(C26H20N2)]·0.5CH3CN, contains two crystallographic­ally independent [HgCl2(C26H20N2)] mol­ecules and one acetonitrile solvent mol­ecule. The HgII atoms are four-coordin­ated in distorted tetra­hedral configurations by two N atoms from 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline ligands and two Cl atoms. The ligand ring systems are not planar. The phenyl rings are oriented at dihedral angles of 74.61 (3) and 66.00 (3)° in the two molecules. In the crystal structure, π–π contacts between phenanthroline rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.809 (1), 3.686 (1), 3.986 (1), 3.877 (1), 3.697 (1), 3.789 (1), 3.745 (1), 3.797 (1) and 3.638 (1) Å] may stabilize the structure

Opium use and risk of bladder cancer: a multi-centre case-referent study in Iran

Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common type of cancer worldwide and the fourth most common type of cancer in Iran. Opium use is considered as one of the risk factors for BC. We aim to assess the association between various parameters of opium use, which in Iran is mainly ingested or smoked in various forms, and the risk of BC. Method In this multi-centre case-referent study in Iran, 717 BC cases and 3477 referents were recruited to the study from May 2017 until July 2020. Detailed histories of opium use (duration, amount, frequency) and potential confounders were collected by trained interviewers. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were used to measure adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The ORs were adjusted for age, gender, place of residence and pack-years of cigarette smoking. Results Regular opium consumption was associated with an increased risk of BC (OR 3.5, 95% CI: 2.8, 4.3) compared with subjects who never used opium. Compared with continuous users, the risk decreased to one-third for those who stopped opium more than 10 years ago. The adjusted OR for those who used both crude opium (teriak) and opium juice was 7.4 (95% CI: 4.1, 13.3). There was a joint effect of opium and tobacco (OR for users of both opium and tobacco 7.7, 95% CI: 6.0, 9.7). Conclusions Regular opium use is associated with an approximately 4-fold risk for BC. The OR decreases along with the increasing time since stopping opium use

Association between dietary fat intake and colorectal cancer : A multicenter case-control study in Iran

The evolving trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) as one of the most common malignancies worldwide, have likely been influenced by the implementation of screening programs and changes in lifestyle habits. Changing lifestyle, including the shift in diet composition with higher fat, sugar, and animal-source foods intake, led to an increasing burden of CRC in countries undergoing rapid socioeconomic improvement. Results for the link between specific fatty acids (FAs) and CRC are generally inconclusive and more limited in developing countries than elsewhere. This study aims to investigate the association between FA intakes and CRC and its anatomical subsites in a large Iranian case-control study. A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information on dietary intake in 865 cases and 3206 controls. We conducted multivariate logistic regression models to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We found positive association between CRC and high intake of dietary total fat (OR highest quartile Q4 = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.32–2.38), cholesterol (ORQ4 = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.22–2.05), and palmitoleic acid (ORQ4 = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.19, 3.91), and an inverse association with high intake of dietary heptanoic acid (ORQ4 = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.79) and low intake of palmitic acid (OR lowest quartile Q2 = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.31–0.88). None of the fat variables were associated with rectal cancer. Our study suggests that the recommendation of limited consumption of fats may decrease the risk of CRC among the Iranian population.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Dietary total antioxidant capacity and head and neck cancer: a large case-control study in Iran

BackgroundData on the association between head and neck cancer (HNC) and dietary factors are inconclusive. No study has so far investigated the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) and HNC concerning interactions with other risk factors.MethodPathologically confirmed new diagnosed HNC patients were included in this study. The control group was healthy hospital visitors who were frequently matched with patients on age (5 years interval), gender, and province of residence. Trained interviewers administered a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess the participants’ food intake 1 year before the cancer diagnosis. Data on TAC scores of foods was collected by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Total Radical-trapping Antioxidant Parameters (TRAP) from published data. We applied logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, socioeconomic status, province, opium use, alcohol use, physical activity, and dental health. We also studied the interaction of dTAC with tobacco smoking status, and opium use on the risk of HNC.ResultsWe recruited 876 HNC patients and 3,409 healthy controls. We observed a significant decrease in the odds of HNC with increasing dTAC scores. The OR of HNC for the third vs. the first tertile was 0.49 (95%CI 0.39–0.61) for FRAP and 0.49 (95%CI 0.39–0.62) for TRAP. Both dTAC scores were inversely associated with lip and oral (T3 ver. T1 OR = 0.51; 95%CI 0.36–0.71 for FRAP and OR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.44–0.82 for TRAP) and larynx (T3 ver. T1 OR = 0.43; 95%CI 0.31–0.61 for FRAP and OR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.26–0.55 for TRAP) cancers. There was no interaction between tobacco smoking, opium use; and TRAP or FRAP on the risk of HNC.ConclusionAn antioxidant-rich diet in terms of FRAP or TRAP could decrease the risk of HNC and its subtypes

Opium use and risk of bladder cancer : A multi-centre case-referent study in Iran

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common type of cancer worldwide and the fourth most common type of cancer in Iran. Opium use is considered as one of the risk factors for BC. We aim to assess the association between various parameters of opium use, which in Iran is mainly ingested or smoked in various forms, and the risk of BC. Method: In this multi-centre case-referent study in Iran, 717 BC cases and 3477 referents were recruited to the study from May 2017 until July 2020. Detailed histories of opium use (duration, amount, frequency) and potential confounders were collected by trained interviewers. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were used to measure adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The ORs were adjusted for age, gender, place of residence and pack-years of cigarette smoking. Results: Regular opium consumption was associated with an increased risk of BC (OR 3.5, 95% CI: 2.8, 4.3) compared with subjects who never used opium. Compared with continuous users, the risk decreased to one-Third for those who stopped opium more than 10 years ago. The adjusted OR for those who used both crude opium (teriak) and opium juice was 7.4 (95% CI: 4.1, 13.3). There was a joint effect of opium and tobacco (OR for users of both opium and tobacco 7.7, 95% CI: 6.0, 9.7). Conclusions: Regular opium use is associated with an approximately 4-fold risk for BC. The OR decreases along with the increasing time since stopping opium use.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances : global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Background Past research has shown how fires, heat and hot substances are important causes of health loss globally. Detailed estimates of the morbidity and mortality from these injuries could help drive preventative measures and improved access to care. Methods We used the Global Burden of Disease 2017 framework to produce three main results. First, we produced results on incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, deaths, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. Second, we analysed these results to measure mortality-to-incidence ratios by location. Third, we reported the measures above in terms of the cause of fire, heat and hot substances and the types of bodily injuries that result. Results Globally, there were 8 991 468 (7 481 218 to 10 740 897) new fire, heat and hot substance injuries in 2017 with 120 632 (101 630 to 129 383) deaths. At the global level, the age-standardised mortality caused by fire, heat and hot substances significantly declined from 1990 to 2017, but regionally there was variability in age-standardised incidence with some regions experiencing an increase (eg, Southern Latin America) and others experiencing a significant decrease (eg, High-income North America). Conclusions The incidence and mortality of injuries that result from fire, heat and hot substances affect every region of the world but are most concentrated in middle and lower income areas. More resources should be invested in measuring these injuries as well as in improving infrastructure, advancing safety measures and ensuring access to care.Peer reviewe