Moby Dick et Vingt mille lieues sous les mers : les géographies de l’imaginaire au cœur de la complexité.

Il est habituel de voir évoquer l'imaginaire marin sur le mode de l'archétype. Or l'objet de cet article est de suggérer que cet imaginaire peut générer des modes de représentation du monde marin très différents d'une culture à une autre. Si pour les Français la mer semble constituer une figure du dehors, une frontière aux marges du monde habité (paradigme des mondes clos), pour les Anglo-saxons en revanche, elle se présenterait comme un monde de lignes qui s'affranchissent de l'opposition terre-mer et étendent la civilisation des hommes au monde dans son entier. Ces paradigmes infiltreraient les regards à tous les niveaux, mêlant l'économique et le religieux. C'est cette hypothèse que je souhaiterais conforter en montrant comment elle peut structurer la lecture de deux célèbres romans maritimes : Moby Dick d'Herman Melville et Vingt mille lieues sous les mers de Jules Verne.It is usual to read our common perception of the sea refering to archetypal figures. However this article aims at suggesting that different cultures produce different patterns: in the French perception of the sea, for instance, we can outline the predominant feature of an empty and external space, bounding inhabited world from outside (according to a pattern of "closed territories"). On the contrary, the Anglo-Saxon conception evokes the structure of a network: lines running over the opposition between sea and land, carrying throughout the whole world the values of civilization and human activities. These two patterns have a leading role in shaping the views and perceptions in all fields, from economies to religion. Going on this assumption in this paper, we will consider two famous sea novels which give us an illustration of these paradigms: Herman Melville's Moby Dick and Jules Verne's Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea

Microstructural analysis of the crinoid stem

10 p., 2 pl., 4 fig.http://paleo.ku.edu/contributions.htm

The International Cooperation in Planning Studio as a Pedagogical Approach: Experiences from Grenoble & Sfax

In 2012, an international planning studio was organized by the Urban Planning Institute of Grenoble (France) at Sfax (Tunisia). What could have been a one-off project evolved into a long-term cooperation between French and Tunisian partners. The international cooperation in urbanism studio is now the focus of the teaching approach in both years of the Urbanism and International Cooperation master’s programme. This paper firstly considers the theoretical and practical contexts in which these studios developed. It then goes on to explore the planning concepts on which they are built. The main pedagogical characteristics are then drawn out. Finally, the lessons which can be learned from this experience and the potential for these to be applied elsewhere are evaluated

How to coexist with fire ants: The roles of behaviour and cuticular compounds

tBecause territoriality is energetically costly, territorial animals frequently respond less aggressively toneighbours than to strangers, a reaction known as the “dear enemy phenomenon” (DEP). The contrary,the “nasty neighbour effect” (NNE), occurs mainly for group-living species defending resource-basedterritories. We studied the relationships between supercolonies of the pest fire ant Solenopsis saevissimaand eight ant species able to live in the vicinity of its nests plus Eciton burchellii, an army ant predatorof other ants. The workers from all of the eight ant species behaved submissively when confrontedwith S. saevissima (dominant) individuals, whereas the contrary was never true. Yet, S. saevissima weresubmissive towards E. burchellii workers. Both DEP and NNE were observed for the eight ant species, withsubmissive behaviours less frequent in the case of DEP. To distinguish what is due to chemical cues fromwhat can be attributed to behaviour, we extracted cuticular compounds from all of the nine ant speciescompared and transferred them onto a number of S. saevissima workers that were then confronted withuntreated conspecifics. The cuticular compounds from three species, particularly E. burchellii, triggeredgreater aggressiveness by S. saevissima workers, while those from the other species did not

Stability of Monitoring Weak Changes in Multiply Scattering Media with Ambient Noise Correlation: Laboratory Experiments

Previous studies have shown that small changes can be monitored in a scattering medium by observing phase shifts in the coda. Passive monitoring of weak changes through ambient noise correlation has already been applied to seismology, acoustics and engineering. Usually, this is done under the assumption that a properly reconstructed Green function as well as stable background noise sources are necessary. In order to further develop this monitoring technique, a laboratory experiment was performed in the 2.5MHz range in a gel with scattering inclusions, comparing an active (pulse-echo) form of monitoring to a passive (correlation) one. Present results show that temperature changes in the medium can be observed even if the Green function (GF) of the medium is not reconstructed. Moreover, this article establishes that the GF reconstruction in the correlations is not a necessary condition: the only condition to monitoring with correlation (passive experiment) is the relative stability of the background noise structure

Evaluation et gestion infirmière de la douleur aiguë chez la personne âgée démente en mileu de soins aigus: revue de littérature étoffée

Le but de ce travail est de mettre en évidence de quelle manière le personnel infirmier évalue et gère la douleur aiguë chez cette population dans un contexte de soins aigus

Artificial Keys to the Genera of Living Stalked Crinoids (Echinodermata)

Two practical, illustrated, dichotomous keys to the 29 genera of living stalked crinoids are provided: one for entire animals and one for stalk ossicles and fragments. These are accompanied by (1) an overview of taxonomically important morphology, and (2) an alphabetical list by family and genus of the ∼95 nominal living species and their distribution by region. This is the first compilation of such data for all living stalked crinoids since Carpenter (1884) recognized 27 species in six genera in his monograph based on the H.M.S. CHALLENGER Expedition collection