Comparison of ferment sugars, produce hemolysis and measuring growth in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from inpatients and healthcare workers in Gorgan Hospitals, North of Iran

The mec A gene in Staphylococcus aureus leads to production of new penicillin-binding protein called PBP2a.This change may follow some changes in other phenotypes. The aim of this study was the comparison of Ferment Sugars, Produce Hemolysis and Measuring Growth in MRSA and MSSA isolates. 188 Staphylococcus aureus isolates separated from inpatients and healthcare workers (healthy carriers)were studied.Bacterialcultures in blood agar environment at 37°C during 24h and at 4°C during other 24h were applied for studying hemolysis. Sugar fermentation carried out in phenol red Broth medium, containing glucose, galactose, arabinose, fructose, xylose, ramnose, mannose, sucrose, trehalose, raffinose or maltose. For determining bacterial growth,bacterial concentration of 103was taken each hour during 12 cultured in MHAand colonies were counted after 24h.The mean amount of hemolysis diameter in MRSA isolates was rather more than that of MSSA isolates. The difference between MRSA and MSSA isolates were significant as to fermenting ramnose, trehalose, galactose and xylose. The mean rate of growth in MRSAwere significantly different from that of MSSAisolates (p<0.05).Resistance to methicillin in Staphylococcus aureus isolates accompanies the increase of ability to ferment sugars. This phenomenon may be one of reasons for increased pathogenicity of MRSA isolates; So results shows the logarithmic phase is longer in MRSA isolates, This may implicate that PBP2a production in methicillin-resistant isolates follows slowing down nutrients entrance into the bacterium that in turn may causes slow growth

Flow onset for a single bubble in a yield-stress fluid

We use computational methods to determine the minimal yield stress required in order to hold static a buoyant bubble in a yield-stress liquid. The static limit is governed by the bubble shape, the dimensionless surface tension and the ratio of the yield stress to the buoyancy stress . For a given geometry, bubbles are static for Y_c]]>, which we determine for a range of shapes. Given that surface tension is negligible, long prolate bubbles require larger yield stress to hold static compared with oblate bubbles. Non-zero increases and for large the yield-capillary number determines the static boundary. In this limit, although bubble shape is important, bubble orientation is not. Two-dimensional planar and axisymmetric bubbles are studied

Flow onset for a single bubble in a yield-stress fluid

We use computational methods to determine the minimal yield stress required in order to hold static a buoyant bubble in a yield-stress liquid. The static limit is governed by the bubble shape, the dimensionless surface tension and the ratio of the yield stress to the buoyancy stress . For a given geometry, bubbles are static for Y_c]]>, which we determine for a range of shapes. Given that surface tension is negligible, long prolate bubbles require larger yield stress to hold static compared with oblate bubbles. Non-zero increases and for large the yield-capillary number determines the static boundary. In this limit, although bubble shape is important, bubble orientation is not. Two-dimensional planar and axisymmetric bubbles are studied

Educational achievement of children with selected major congenital anomalies and associated factors: a Finnish registry-based study

\ua9 The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. BACKGROUND: Children with major congenital anomalies may be at risk of poor educational outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the educational achievement of children born with major congenital anomalies compared with children without major congenital anomalies in relation to sociodemographic factors. METHODS: We performed a registry-based study including 401 544 children in Finland, graduates of the compulsory school who applied to secondary education. We used health data from the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations for children born from 1995 to 2002 linked with education data from the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture. We used generalized linear regression to compare the mean grade differences of children with specific major congenital anomalies and \u27All anomalies\u27 subgroup (major congenital anomalies, chromosomal syndromes, and multiple anomalies) with reference children. RESULTS: Children with major congenital anomalies were less likely to apply for further education than reference children (88.0% vs. 96.8%; odds ratio = 4.13; 95% confidence interval, 3.92-4.36). For most non-chromosomal congenital anomalies, children born with congenital anomalies had similar educational achievement to the reference children. For the \u27All anomalies\u27 subgroup, children with congenital anomalies had lower educational achievement than reference children. Among children with congenital anomalies, male sex, lower maternal educational levels and younger maternal age were associated with lower educational achievement. CONCLUSIONS: For children applying to further education, most non-chromosomal congenital anomalies were not associated with lower educational achievement. Nevertheless, efforts are needed to improve educational achievement in children with major congenital anomalies associated with maternal sociodemographic background

Nanotechnology and global energy demand: challenges and prospects for a paradigm shift in the oil and gas industry.

The exploitation of new hydrocarbon discoveries in meeting the present global energy demand is a function of the availability and application of new technologies. The relevance of new technologies is borne out of the complex subsurface architecture and conditions of offshore petroleum plays. Conventional techniques, from drilling to production, for exploiting these discoveries may require adaption for such subsurface conditions as they fail under conditions of high pressure and high temperature. The oil and gas industry over the past decades has witnessed increased research into the use of nanotechnology with great promise for drilling operations, enhanced oil recovery, reservoir characterization, production, etc. The prospect for a paradigm shift towards the application of nanotechnology in the oil and gas industry is constrained by evolving challenges with its progression. This paper gave a review of developments from nano-research in the oil and gas industry, challenges and recommendations

Enhancing smart city operation management: integrating energy systems with a subway synergism hub

This paper is centered on establishing a secure framework for the optimal concurrent operation of a smart city, encompassing transportation, water, heat, electrical, and cooling energy systems. The studied smart city includes the microgrid, smart transportation system (STS), energy hub (EH) and smart grid. In this regard, a subway synergism hub (SSH) as a new non-energy system is added to the smart city with the aim of serving the subway's water, heat, electrical and cooling demands as well as diminishing the operation cost of the smart city. The EH within the SSH cooperated with a desalination unit is considered to supply the subway's stations water demand by using the sea water. The investigation of the optimal allocation of the SSH unit for reducing the cost of smart city operation is also conducted by introducing a novel intelligent priority selection (IPS) analytical algorithm. In comparison to common meta-heuristic algorithms for allocation problems, the accurate optimal solution can be found in low runtime by the IPS algorithm. To achieve an accurate model of the smart city, directed acyclic graph (DAG) based blockchain approach is provided which can enhance the data and energy exchanges security within the smart city. This research paper introduces a security framework deployed in a smart city setting to establish a secure platform for energy transactions. The findings validate the effectiveness of this model and highlight the value of the IPS method. The effectiveness of the suggested approach has been assessed using the smart city system is comprised of various sections, including EVs, smart grid, microgrid, and SSH, demonstrating the credibility and accuracy of this study

The Mamasani District and the Archaeology of Southwestern Iran

Southwestern Iran holds a pre-eminent position in Iran's archaeological heritage. The region that includes the lowland plains of Khuzestan and the adjacent Zagros highlands of Fars was the heartland of the Persian Empires ruled by the Sasanian and Achaemenid Dynasties (c.AD 205-638 and c.539-330 BC respectively). It was also the home of the various Elamite polities and states that engaged in warfare, political intrigue and trade with Babylonia and Assyria during the Bronze and Iron Ages (c.2200-641 BC) (see Figure 1.1). Archaeology in Iran can likewise trace its origins to the southwest, beginning in the late 19th century with the excavations at Susa that produced a series of spectacular archaeological discoveries and established a material 'footprint' for these historically-attested political entities that played a dramatic role in the history of the ancient Near East