41 research outputs found

    Establishment and development of the intestinal microbiota of preterm infants in a Lebanese tertiary hospital

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    © 2016 The Authors The establishment and development of the intestinal microbiota is known to be associated with profound short- and long-term effects on the health of full-term infants (FTI), but studies are just starting for preterm infants (PTI). The data also mostly come from western countries and little information is available for the Middle East. Here, we determined the composition and dynamics of the intestinal microbiota during the first month of life for PTI (n = 66) and FTI (n = 17) in Lebanon. Fecal samples were collected weekly and analyzed by quantitative PCR (q-PCR) and temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE). We observed differences in the establishment and composition of the intestinal microbiota between the two groups. q-PCR showed that PTI were more highly colonized by Staphylococcus than FTI in the first three weeks of life; whereas FTI were more highly colonized by Clostridium clusters I and XI. At one month of life, PTI were mainly colonized by facultative anaerobes and a few strict anaerobes, such as Clostridium cluster I and Bifidobacterium. The type of feeding and antibiotic treatments significantly affected intestinal colonization. TTGE revealed low species diversity in both groups and high inter-individual variability in PTI. Our findings show that PTI had altered intestinal colonization with a higher occurrence of potential pathogens (Enterobacter, Clostridium sp) than FTI. This suggests the need for intervention strategies for PTI to modulate their intestinal microbiota and promote their health

    Cerebellar c9RAN proteins associate with clinical and neuropathological characteristics of C9ORF72 repeat expansion carriers.

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    Clinical and neuropathological characteristics associated with G4C2 repeat expansions in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72), the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia, are highly variable. To gain insight on the molecular basis for the heterogeneity among C9ORF72 mutation carriers, we evaluated associations between features of disease and levels of two abundantly expressed "c9RAN proteins" produced by repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation of the expanded repeat. For these studies, we took a departure from traditional immunohistochemical approaches and instead employed immunoassays to quantitatively measure poly(GP) and poly(GA) levels in cerebellum, frontal cortex, motor cortex, and/or hippocampus from 55 C9ORF72 mutation carriers [12 patients with ALS, 24 with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and 19 with FTLD with motor neuron disease (FTLD-MND)]. We additionally investigated associations between levels of poly(GP) or poly(GA) and cognitive impairment in 15 C9ORF72 ALS patients for whom neuropsychological data were available. Among the neuroanatomical regions investigated, poly(GP) levels were highest in the cerebellum. In this same region, associations between poly(GP) and both neuropathological and clinical features were detected. Specifically, cerebellar poly(GP) levels were significantly lower in patients with ALS compared to patients with FTLD or FTLD-MND. Furthermore, cerebellar poly(GP) associated with cognitive score in our cohort of 15 patients. In the cerebellum, poly(GA) levels similarly trended lower in the ALS subgroup compared to FTLD or FTLD-MND subgroups, but no association between cerebellar poly(GA) and cognitive score was detected. Both cerebellar poly(GP) and poly(GA) associated with C9ORF72 variant 3 mRNA expression, but not variant 1 expression, repeat size, disease onset, or survival after onset. Overall, these data indicate that cerebellar abnormalities, as evidenced by poly(GP) accumulation, associate with neuropathological and clinical phenotypes, in particular cognitive impairment, of C9ORF72 mutation carriers

    Clostridium difficile in infants : colonisation dynamics and intestinal microbiota

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    Les infections digestives à Clostridium difficile nécessitent une première étape de colonisation de l’écosystème intestinal. Avant l’âge de deux ans, la colonisation par C. difficile est fréquente mais paradoxalement le plus souvent asymptomatique. Nous avons montré que plus d’un tiers des enfants de 0-3 ans, et plus de 70% de ceux de 7 à 9 mois (15% pour les souches toxinogènes), étaient porteurs sains de C. difficile à l’hôpital et dans la communauté. Deux périodes d’acquisition de C. difficile ont été identifiées : néonatale ou 3-6 mois. Les souches infantiles de C. difficile étaient identiques aux souches isolées chez l’adulte, faisant du jeune enfant un réservoir potentiel de souches infectieuses. Nous avons également montré par méthode moléculaire que des changements en espèces dominantes du microbiote étaient associés à la colonisation par C. difficile. Bifidobacterium longum caractérisait le microbiote des enfants non colonisés, et pourrait participer à la résistance à la colonisation par C. difficile.Gastrointestinal infections with Clostridium difficile require a first step of colonization of the intestinal ecosystem. Under the age of two years, C. difficile colonization is frequent but paradoxically most often asymptomatic. We have shown that more than a third of children 0-3 years and more than 70% of those from 7 to 9 months (15% for toxigenic strains) were healthy carriers of C. difficile in the hospital and in the community. Two C. difficile-acquisition periods were identified: neonatal or 3-6 months. The C. difficile strains from infants were identical to strains isolated from adults, making infants a potential reservoir of infectious strains. We also showed by molecular method that changes in dominant species of the microbiota were associated with colonization by C. difficile. Bifidobacterium longum characterized the microbiota of children not colonized by C. difficile, and could be involved in the colonization resistance process

    Régulation de l'intéraction du méningocoque avec les cellules de l'hôte

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    CHATENAY M.-PARIS 11-BU Pharma. (920192101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Étienne Clémentel (1864-1936). Politique et action publique sous la Troisième République

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    International audienc

    Clostridium difficile chez le jeune enfant (dynamique de la colonisation et microbiote intestinal)

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    Les infections digestives à Clostridium difficile nécessitent une première étape de colonisation de l écosystème intestinal. Avant l âge de deux ans, la colonisation par C. difficile est fréquente mais paradoxalement le plus souvent asymptomatique. Nous avons montré que plus d un tiers des enfants de 0-3 ans, et plus de 70% de ceux de 7 à 9 mois (15% pour les souches toxinogènes), étaient porteurs sains de C. difficile à l hôpital et dans la communauté. Deux périodes d acquisition de C. difficile ont été identifiées : néonatale ou 3-6 mois. Les souches infantiles de C. difficile étaient identiques aux souches isolées chez l adulte, faisant du jeune enfant un réservoir potentiel de souches infectieuses. Nous avons également montré par méthode moléculaire que des changements en espèces dominantes du microbiote étaient associés à la colonisation par C. difficile. Bifidobacterium longum caractérisait le microbiote des enfants non colonisés, et pourrait participer à la résistance à la colonisation par C. difficile.Gastrointestinal infections with Clostridium difficile require a first step of colonization of the intestinal ecosystem. Under the age of two years, C. difficile colonization is frequent but paradoxically most often asymptomatic. We have shown that more than a third of children 0-3 years and more than 70% of those from 7 to 9 months (15% for toxigenic strains) were healthy carriers of C. difficile in the hospital and in the community. Two C. difficile-acquisition periods were identified: neonatal or 3-6 months. The C. difficile strains from infants were identical to strains isolated from adults, making infants a potential reservoir of infectious strains. We also showed by molecular method that changes in dominant species of the microbiota were associated with colonization by C. difficile. Bifidobacterium longum characterized the microbiota of children not colonized by C. difficile, and could be involved in the colonization resistance process.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Prevalence and diversity of Clostridium difficile strains in infants

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    International audienceDuring early infancy asymptomatic intestinal colonization by Clostridium difficile is frequent. To update information on infant colonization prevalence and to characterize infant strains, in terms of their virulence factors and their phylogenetic diversity, a prospective screening of C. difficile in the stools of infants 0 to 2 years old was conducted at Jean Verdier Hospital (Hopital Jean Verdier) over an 18 month period. C. difficile was screened by toxigenic culture, and molecular characterization was performed by PCR-ribotyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The overall C. difficile colonization prevalence was 33.7% (99/294). The colonization rate by a toxigenic strain was 7.1 % (21/294). Community-acquired C. difficile accounted for 66.7% (66/99) of cases. Molecular typing was performed on 90 isolates from Jean Verdier Hospital and 8 additional isolates from another hospital in Versailles (Centre Hospitalier de Versailles). Among these isolates, 23 were toxigenic (21 tcdA(+) /tcdB(+) and 2 tcdA(-)/tcdB(+)). All the isolates were negative for the binary toxin genes. Seventeen PCR ribotypes (PRs) were identified, with five PRs accounting for 82.7% (81/98) of the isolates. MLST generated 15 different sequence types (STs). The predominant genotype, PRJV11-ST38 (33.7%), included only non-toxigenic strains. Toxigenic strains were distributed in eight genotypes. Neither PR027-ST3, nor PR078/126-ST49 were identified but some PRs/STs corresponded to well-known adult infectious strains. These results indicate that infants are widely colonized by non-toxigenic strains. However, toxigenic adult infectious strains circulate in asymptomatic infants even in the community; thus, infants may be a reservoir for adult infectious strains

    Évaluation psychométrique de la version française de la Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS)

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    Introduction : Les avantages pour la santé d'un mode de vie sain comprenant une alimentation saine et une activité physique ont été largement démontrées dans la littérature scientifique. Alors que pour certaines personnes, les idées et l'intérêt pour une alimentation saine peuvent être adaptatifs (orthorexie saine, HeOr), pour d'autres, l’alimentation peut devenir source de préoccupations et d’obsessions et se sentir coupables ou en se punissant eux-mêmes lorsqu'ils s'écartent de leurs propres normes d'alimentation saine, entraînant un impact négatif sur leur vie sociale (orthorexie nerveuse, OrNe). Comme il n'existe actuellement aucun outil de mesure validé en langue française permettant de distinguer l'orthorexie saine de l'orthorexie nerveuse, cette étude vise à examiner les propriétés psychométriques de la version française de la Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS).Méthode : 799 participants (âge moyen [SD] : 28,5 [12,1] ans) ont été inclus dans cette étude et ont rempli les versions françaises de la TOS, de la Düsseldorfer Orthorexia Skala, de quatre sous-échelles de l'EDE-Q (évaluant les symptômes de troubles alimentaires) et de l'OCI-R (mesurant la symptomatologie obsessionnelle-compulsive). Une analyse factorielle confirmatoire et une modélisation par équations structurelles exploratoire utilisant la méthode des moindres carrés pondérés robustes ont été utilisées pour évaluer la structure factorielle de la version française de la TOS. Les corrélations et les corrélations partielles entre l'orthorexie et les autres variables ont également été calculées.Résultats : Bien que la version originale montre un ajustement adéquat, nous suggérons d'exclure les items 9 et 15 (CFI = .963, TLI = .949, RMSEA = .068). Un modèle bi-dimensionnel s’ajuste bien, avec des résultats TLI et RMSEA légèrement au-dessus du cut-off (CFI = .963, TLI = .949, RMSEA = .068). Le poids factoriel moyen était de 0,65 pour l’HeOr et de 0,70 pour l’OrNe. La cohérence interne des deux dimensions du TOS était adéquate (αHeOr = .83 et αOrNe = .81). Les résultats des corrélations de Pearson ont montré que, dans l'ensemble, toutes les mesures indicatives de troubles étaient plus liées à l’OrNe qu'à l’HeOr. Nos résultats suggèrent que l'OrNe est associée à des symptômes psychopathologiques alors qu’un pattern inverse est retrouvé pour l'HeOr.Discussion : La version française à 15 items de la TOS semble être un instrument fiable et prometteur pour différencier les deux types d'orthorexie en population générale et clinique notamment en termes de prévention et de prise en charge
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