35 research outputs found
Estudo sobre a existência de estados correntes dissipativos
Orientador: Amir Ordacgi CaldeiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb WataghinResumo: Neste trabalho estabelecemos as condições necessárias à existência de estados coerentes em um oscilador harmônico (ou modo eletromagnético) dissipativo, dentro de algumas hipóteses referentes ao modelo de dissipação. Mostramos como a existência destes estados encontra-se intimamente ligada a realização da chamada aproximação de onda girante, cujas condições de validade também serão determinadas. Para tanto realizamos uma diagonalização exata das Hamiltonianas dissipativas, utilizando o método conhecido como diagonalização de Fano. Aplicamos o resultado da diagonalização também no cálculo da evolução de valores médios de observáveis do sistemaAbstract: Not informedMestradoFísicaMestre em Físic
Fractional quantization of ballistic conductance in 1D hole systems
We analyze the fractional quantization of the ballistic conductance
associated with the light and heavy holes bands in Si, Ge and GaAs systems. It
is shown that the formation of the localized hole state in the region of the
quantum point contact connecting two quasi-1D hole leads modifies drastically
the conductance pattern. Exchange interaction between localized and propagating
holes results in the fractional quantization of the ballistic conductance
different from those in electronic systems. The value of the conductance at the
additional plateaux depends on the offset between the bands of the light and
heavy holes, \Delta, and the sign of the exchange interaction constant. For
\Delta=0 and ferromagnetic exchange interaction, we observe additional plateaux
around the values 7e^{2}/4h, 3e^{2}/h and 15e^{2}/4h, while antiferromagnetic
interaction plateaux are formed around e^{2}/4h, e^{2}/h and 9e^{2}/4h. For
large \Delta, the single plateau is formed at e^2/h.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Wigner distribution functions for complex dynamical systems: a path integral approach
Starting from Feynman's Lagrangian description of quantum mechanics, we
propose a method to construct explicitly the propagator for the Wigner
distribution function of a single system. For general quadratic Lagrangians,
only the classical phase space trajectory is found to contribute to the
propagator. Inspired by Feynman's and Vernon's influence functional theory we
extend the method to calculate the propagator for the reduced Wigner function
of a system of interest coupled to an external system. Explicit expressions are
obtained when the external system consists of a set of independent harmonic
oscillators. As an example we calculate the propagator for the reduced Wigner
function associated with the Caldeira-Legett model
Terahertz processes in carbon nanotubes
Copyright 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited.We investigated several proposals utilizing the unique electronic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for a broad range of applications to THz optoelectronics, including THz generation by Cerenkov-type emitters based on carbon nanotubes and by hot electrons in quasimetallic nanotubes, frequency multiplication in chiral-nanotube-based superlattices controlled by a transverse electric field, and THz radiation detection and emission by armchair nanotubes in a strong magnetic field. Dispersion equations of the electron beam instability and the threshold conditions of the stimulated emission have been derived and analyzed, demonstrating realizability of the nanotube-based nanoFEL at realistic parameters of nanotubes and electronic beams
The double Caldeira-Leggett model: Derivation and solutions of the master equations, reservoir-induced interactions and decoherence
In this paper we analyze the double Caldeira-Leggett model: the path integral
approach to two interacting dissipative harmonic oscillators. Assuming a
general form of the interaction between the oscillators, we consider two
different situations: i) when each oscillator is coupled to its own reservoir,
and ii) when both oscillators are coupled to a common reservoir. After deriving
and solving the master equation for each case, we analyze the decoherence
process of particular entanglements in the positional space of both
oscillators. To analyze the decoherence mechanism we have derived a general
decay function for the off-diagonal peaks of the density matrix, which applies
both to a common and separate reservoirs. We have also identified the expected
interaction between the two dissipative oscillators induced by their common
reservoir. Such reservoir-induced interaction, which gives rise to interesting
collective damping effects, such as the emergence of relaxation- and
decoherence-free subspaces, is shown to be blurred by the high-temperature
regime considered in this study. However, we find that different interactions
between the dissipative oscillators, described by rotating or counter-rotating
terms, result in different decay rates for the interference terms of the
density matrix.Comment: 42 pages, 7 figures, new discussion added, typos adde
Velocity quantization approach of the one-dimensional dissipative harmonic oscillator
Given a constant of motion for the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator with
linear dissipation in the velocity, the problem to get the Hamiltonian for this
system is pointed out, and the quantization up to second order in the
perturbation approach is used to determine the modification on the eigenvalues
when dissipation is taken into consideration. This quantization is realized
using the constant of motion instead of the Hamiltonian.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Exact Diagonalization of Two Quantum Models for the Damped Harmonic Oscillator
The damped harmonic oscillator is a workhorse for the study of dissipation in
quantum mechanics. However, despite its simplicity, this system has given rise
to some approximations whose validity and relation to more refined descriptions
deserve a thorough investigation. In this work, we apply a method that allows
us to diagonalize exactly the dissipative Hamiltonians that are frequently
adopted in the literature. Using this method we derive the conditions of
validity of the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) and show how this approximate
description relates to more general ones. We also show that the existence of
dissipative coherent states is intimately related to the RWA. Finally, through
the evaluation of the dynamics of the damped oscillator, we notice an important
property of the dissipative model that has not been properly accounted for in
previous works; namely, the necessity of new constraints to the application of
the factorizable initial conditions.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures, ReVTe
On the Assumption of Initial Factorization in the Master Equation for Weakly Coupled Systems II: Solvable Models
We analyze some solvable models of a quantum mechanical system in interaction
with a reservoir when the initial state is not factorized. We apply
Nakajima-Zwanzig's projection method by choosing a reference state of the
reservoir endowed with the mixing property. In van Hove's limit, the dynamics
is described in terms of a master equation. We observe that Markovianity
becomes a valid approximation for timescales that depend both on the form
factors of the interaction and on the observables of the reservoir that can be
measured.Comment: 25 page