Conversion of sugar diacetyls to bio-hydrocarbons by the catalytic cracking in a fixed bed with fresh and deactivated Beta zeolite

The conversion of biomass into fuel under typical refinery conditions is a promising solution to decrease carbon footprint. Herein we convert a representative compound of a new bio-petroleum, DX (1,2:3,5-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-xylofuranose) mixture with n-hexane. Firstly fresh zeolites (Beta, ZSM-5 and USY) were explored. Beta zeolite showed a high performance in converting DX into hydrocarbons. Thus it was further modified by hydrothermal deactivation. This treatment reduced the acid site density of Beta, resulting in an improvement in aromatics, reducing gas 2-fold and coke 1-fold, and only leaving a small amount of oxygenates in the liquid fraction in the test with 20% DX.ISSN:1566-7367ISSN:1873-390

Physicochemical characterization, the Hirshfeld surface, and biological evaluation of two meloxicam compounding pharmacy samples

Meloxicam (MLX) is an anti-inflammatory drug susceptible to variations and crystalline transitions. In compounding pharmacies, the complete crystallographic evaluation of the raw material is not a routine procedure. We performed a complete crystallographic characterization of aleatory raw MLX samples from compounding pharmacies. X-ray diffraction indicated the presence of two crystalline forms in one sample. DSC experiments suggested that crystallization, or a crystal transition, occurred differently between samples. The FTIR and 1H NMR spectra showed characteristic assignments. 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy indicated the presence of more than one phase in a sample from pharmacy B. The Hirshfeld surface analysis, with electrostatic potential projection, allowed complete assignment of the UV spectra in ethanol solution. The polymorph I of meloxicam was more active than polymorph III in an experimental model of acute inflammation in mice. Our results highlighted the need for complete crystallographic characterization and the separation of freely used raw materials in compounding pharmacies, as a routine procedure, to ensure the desired dose/effect. Keywords: Meloxicam, Polymorphism, Hirshfeld surface, Anti-inflammatory activit