Prácticas virtuales de fisiología

El presente proyecto de innovación educativa ha servido para generar material audiovisual compatible con dispositivos electrónicos para el aprendizaje de fisiología de una manera sencilla y accesible. Es la continuación de un proyecto del curso 2020-21, en el que se generó un material con las prácticas que se realizan con un programa de registros fisiológicos. En esta ocasión, se procedió a la grabación de los procedimientos experimentales de las asignaturas de Fisiología del Grado en Veterinaria y del Grado en CyTA y se han incluido en un formato presentación, en el que se exponen los conocimientos básicos de la práctica, los objetivos, el material y métodos, el procedimiento experimental en vídeo con explicaciones y finalmente la recogida de datos y la interpretación de los resultados. Así, se reduce el número de animales a utilizar en las prácticas porque no es necesario volver a hacer el procedimiento en el animal y el estudiante puede aprender a su ritmo y visualizar la presentación tantas veces como necesite para su aprendizaje, antes, durante y después de la práctica. Se ha contado con un amplio equipo en el que han participado PDI del departamento de Fisiología y de Producción Animal, PAS y estudiantes de grado y posgrado, de modo que la experiencia de todos ellos ha aportado un enfoque multidisciplinar, muy adecuado para la viabilidad del proyecto. El producto generado es un material duradero en el tiempo, que seguirá poniéndose a disposición de los estudiantes en cursos venideros

Asociación entre Artritis Reumatoidea y otras enfermedades autoinmunes

Objetivos: determinar la frecuencia de enfermedades autoinmunes (EAI) en pacientes con Artritis Reumatoidea (AR) y comparar la frecuencia de EAI entre pacientes con AR y sin AR ni otra EAI reumatológica. Material y Métodos: estudio multicéntrico, observacional, analítico, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos con AR (ACR/EULAR 2010) y como grupo control pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de Osteoartritis primaria (OA).

Effect of remote ischaemic conditioning on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI): a single-blind randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Remote ischaemic conditioning with transient ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). We investigated whether remote ischaemic conditioning could reduce the incidence of cardiac death and hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months. METHODS: We did an international investigator-initiated, prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI) at 33 centres across the UK, Denmark, Spain, and Serbia. Patients (age >18 years) with suspected STEMI and who were eligible for PPCI were randomly allocated (1:1, stratified by centre with a permuted block method) to receive standard treatment (including a sham simulated remote ischaemic conditioning intervention at UK sites only) or remote ischaemic conditioning treatment (intermittent ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm through four cycles of 5-min inflation and 5-min deflation of an automated cuff device) before PPCI. Investigators responsible for data collection and outcome assessment were masked to treatment allocation. The primary combined endpoint was cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02342522) and is completed. FINDINGS: Between Nov 6, 2013, and March 31, 2018, 5401 patients were randomly allocated to either the control group (n=2701) or the remote ischaemic conditioning group (n=2700). After exclusion of patients upon hospital arrival or loss to follow-up, 2569 patients in the control group and 2546 in the intervention group were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. At 12 months post-PPCI, the Kaplan-Meier-estimated frequencies of cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure (the primary endpoint) were 220 (8·6%) patients in the control group and 239 (9·4%) in the remote ischaemic conditioning group (hazard ratio 1·10 [95% CI 0·91-1·32], p=0·32 for intervention versus control). No important unexpected adverse events or side effects of remote ischaemic conditioning were observed. INTERPRETATION: Remote ischaemic conditioning does not improve clinical outcomes (cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure) at 12 months in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation, University College London Hospitals/University College London Biomedical Research Centre, Danish Innovation Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, TrygFonden

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Molecular changes in two maize (Zea mays L.) synthetics after reciprocal selection with two alternative methods

Agronomic evaluations demonstrated that a modification of the classical full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS-FS) which, in addition to crosses, uses S2 families evaluation (RRS-FS-S2) is more efficient than the classical method for developing high-yielding crosses between two varieties. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in genetic diversity and structure after performing RRS-FS and RRS-FS-S2 selections. RRS-FS-S2 reduced more the variability, produced more differentiation between cycles of selection derived from the same materials but less between reciprocal populations, and produced a more clear change in the contribution of the parental lines than RRS-FS. On the other hand, the type of selection method did not have a considerable effect on the structure of the populations measured as departure of Hardy–Weinberg (HW) equilibrium at single markers and on linkage disequilibrium (LD) between pairs of markers. We identified some individual markers which were not in HW equilibrium in several populations probably due to genes favouring assortative mating. We also found pairs of markers which increased their LD with selection probably due to epistasis.Research was supported by the Spanish Plan of Research and Development (AGL2012-33415). Bernardo Ordas acknowledges a Ramon y Cajal contract from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.Peer reviewe

Adaptación del maíz dulce a las condiciones gallegas

3 páginas.- Trabajo presentado en el Seminario organizado por el Area de Genétíca de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela y la Sociedad Española de Genética (Sección de Mejora de Plantas), con la colaboración de la Sociedad Española de Ciencias Hortícolas (Grupo de Mejora Genética) celebrado en el Campus Universitario de Lugo en octubre de 2000.El maíz dulce (Zea mays L., homocígoto para el alelo sugary1) es un cultivo de origen norteamericano que se está extendiendo progresivamente por los países desarrollados, constituyendo una interesante alternativa al maíz grano en explotaciones pequeñas, si bien encuentra ciertas dificultades de adaptación en regiones con primaveras frías y húmedas como la costa atlántica europea y, particularmente, Galicia. Los princípales problemas de la implantación del maíz dulce en Galicia son la reducida variabilidad disponible, junto con su pobre comportamiento agronómico en nuestras condiciones, y la susceptibilidad a los estreses abióticos y bióticos. La adaptación del maíz dulce a las condícíones de Galicia se está realizando mediante cruzamientos entre variedades elite americanas y posterior selección por adaptación in situ.Peer reviewe

Ear damage of sweet corn inbreds and their hybrids under multiple corn borer infestation

In Mediterranean countries, the principal corn (Zea mays L.) pest is the pink stem borer (PSB) (Sesamia nonagrioides Lef.), followed in importance by the European corn borer (ECB) [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)]. Our objective was to quantify injury by these pests in a set of inbreds that showed different levels of ear damage by the PSB in a previous study and in their hybrids. A diallel among seven sweet corn inbreds that varied for ear damage by PSB was evaluated in three environments under PSB and ECB infestations. The importance of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for ear damage by corn borer was determined. Inbred parents were also tested under manual infestation conditions with both borers. There was variability for ear damage traits among sweet corn inbred lines, but none of them were completely resistant. General combining ability effects were significant for the general appearance of the ear, ears with damaged grain, and ears with damaged shanks under PSB infestation. Under PSB infestation, SCA was not significant for any trait. Most traits showed significant GCA effects under ECB infestation, although SCA effects were also important for some damage traits. The inbred EP61 could supply some favorable alleles because it showed negative and significant GCA effects for ear damage under infestation by both species. Inbreds EP59 and V7726 showed negative and significant GCA effects for ear damage by ECB. These inbreds could be included in a sweet corn synthetic population that would be improved to decrease ear damage by corn borers.P. Velasco acknowledges a fellowship from the Excma. Diputación Provincial de Pontevedra. The authors thank E. Muiños for her help in rearing insects. Research was supported by the Project XUGA 40301B98.Diputación Provincial de PontevedraXunta de GaliciaPeer reviewe