The importance of early parenting for later child outcomes: A study with Spanish families with children with disabilities

Children with different disability conditions have varied developmental trajectories, which perhaps influences parent-child interaction. For these and all infants, an optimal home environment that includes good parenting and positive parent-child interactions predicts better developmental outcomes (Spiker et al., 2005). Interventions using a family-centered, parenting-focused approach result in better parenting behavior that contributes to improved early child development (Avellar & Suplee, 2013; Roggman & Cardia, 2016). Information on parent-child interaction patterns is needed to guide intervention in natural contexts of families (Fuligni & Brooks-Gunn, 2013). Parent-child interaction data were collected from 44 mothers and 35 fathers interacting with their children (23 to 47 months) who had a disability and were in one of eight Spanish Early Interventions Centers. Mothers and fathers, separately, auto-recorded 10-minute play sessions at home. Parental interactions were assessed using PICCOLO (Roggman et al., 2013), a standardized measure of parenting. Two independent observers coded the interactions; strong intra-class correlation coefficients were found (.82 to .97 for mothers, .77 to .89 for fathers). The BSID-III scales (Bayley, 2015) assessed children’s development. Mothers scored slightly higher than did fathers. Scores varied by PICCOLO domains but were consistent with other PICCOLO studies of typical developing children (Roggman et al., 2013). Mother and father’s scores correlated indicating that the higher the scores of mothers in any dimension correlated with those of the parents combined. Positive significant Pearson correlations were found between parenting and child’s development with different patterns of father and mother domains predicting better language and cognitive outcomes. Although barriers to optimal parenting need further investigation, PICCOLO can be a useful tool to support optimal parenting.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Parenting styles and coping strategies in PKU early detected children

Phenylketonuria (PKU) requires tight control to prevent neurocognitive impairment but reports show that patients may present mild cognitive defects related to higher impulsivity. We hypothesize that chronic intervention may influence the parents and child bonding and the child´s resources to face problems. To describe the PKU parenting styles perceived by the children (PS) and their coping strategies (CS) assessing their relationship with impulsivity, 30 early diagnosed and adequately treated PKU children and 30 non PKU aged-paired controls (CG) were compared. The Argentine Children´s Coping Questionnaire, Argentine Scale Perception of the Relationship with Parents, WISC IV Comprehension Subtest, and CPT II test were administered. PKU PS were based on control: strict to pathologic in the mother and acceptable in the father (both p<0.05 vs. CG). Children significantly sought greater support and showed less emotional control when facing conflicts. These characteristics positively correlated with maternal control r:.383 and r:.398 (both p<0.05). Impulsivity was higher in PKU (p<0.05) but didn´t associate with PS or CS. Maternal strict control wasn´t linked to the higher impulsivity found (possibly neurobiologically based). Nevertheless, if both factors are present, patients may develop a psychological and/or behavioral trait of greater dependency and impulsivity that must be considered in their follow-up.Fil: Pardo Campos, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Fundación de Endocrinología Infantil. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada"; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía; ArgentinaFil: Enacan, Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Fundación de Endocrinología Infantil. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada"; ArgentinaFil: Valle, Maria G.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Fundación de Endocrinología Infantil. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada"; ArgentinaFil: Chiesa, Ana Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada". Fundación de Endocrinología Infantil. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergada"; Argentin

Factores de riesgo y de protección asociados al trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo en niños y adolescentes: Una revisión sistemática

The objective of this systematic review is to identify protective and risk factors associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and OCD, in children and adolescents. It was reviewed the published literature in PsycINFO, Scopus, Medline and ScienceDirect, from 2008 to July 2019. We examined genetic and environmental factors, as well as the role of anxiety sensitivity and positive and negative affectivity. We found protective and risk factors related to obsessive-compulsive symptoms&nbsp; in the genetic and environmental areas. Although no protective factors were associated&nbsp; with OCD, some individual biological variables emerged as possible specific risk factors. In addition, high anxiety sensitivity and high negative affectivity were also related to OCD.Risk and protective factors associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: A systematic review Abstract: The aim of this systemic review was to examine the risk and protective factors associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and symptoms of OCD in children and adolescents. We conducted a literature search using Scopus, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect and PubMed. A total of 25 published studies were included in the review. We examined all possible risk and/or protective factors that were associated with OCD and/or OCD subclinical symptoms. Most of the revised studies were focused on risk factors and the OCD. We found several types of risk factors, including biological (genetic, perinatal, neurological, infectious, etc.), personal (anxiety sensitivity, negative affect, behavioral inhibition, sense of responsibility, etc.), familial (parenting behaviors, childhood trauma, etc.), socioeconomic, and psychosocial (stress, low social support etc.) factors. Resilience and high social support emerged as protective factors. These results highlight that various factors, especially risk factors, appear to be consistently associated with OCD, which could be incorporated into future prevention programs for this disorder. Keywords: Obsessive-compulsive disorder; OCD symptoms; risk factors; protective factors; children; adolescents. Resumen: El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue examinar los factores de riesgo y de protección asociados al trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) y a los síntomas del TOC en niños y adolescentes. Llevamos a cabo una búsqueda de la literatura a través de Scopus, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect y PubMed. Se incluyó en la revisión un total de 25 estudios publicados. Examinamos todos los posibles factores de riesgo y/o de protección que fueron asociados al TOC o a síntomas subclínicos del TOC. La mayor parte de los estudios revisados se focalizaron en factores de riesgo y en el TOC. Encontramos diversos tipos de factores de riesgo, incluyendo los factores biológicos (genéticos, perinatales, cerebrales, infecciosos, etc.), personales (sensibilidad a la ansiedad, afecto negativo, inhibición conductual, sentido de responsabilidad, etc.), familiares (estilos de crianza, trauma infantil, etc.), socioeconómicos, y psicosociales (estrés, bajo apoyo social, etc.). La resiliencia y el apoyo social elevado aparecieron como factores de protección. Estos resultados subrayan que varios factores, especialmente factores de riesgo, parecen estar asociados de forma consistente al TOC, los cuales podrían incorporarse en los futuros programas de prevención de este trastorno. Palabras clave: Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo; síntomas de TOC; factores de riesgo; factores de protección; niños; adolescentes

Inflammatory mediators and immune response in Mexican adolescents

Introduction: Low-grade inflammation and increased immunity related to cardiovascular diseases have been described in children and adults, however, studies in Mexican adolescents are being done at present. Objective: To evaluate inflammatory proteins and indicators of immunity in adolescents by gender and body mass index. Material and methods: 115 Mexican adolescents, 15-18 years old (36 men), were divided into non-overweight, risk of overweight and overweight by CDC pediatric criteria by body mass index. Serum concentrations of ceruloplasmin, C3 and C4 were quantified by nephelometry; IL-6 and TNF-α from stimulated supernatant were analyzed with Human Th1-Th2 cytokine CBA II kit (BD Biosciences Pharmigen, San Diego, CA), and detected by flow cytometry. Data were analysed by Mann-Whitney U. Results: Gender differences were found in C3 (men: median 118.8, mean rank: 41.0; women: median: 143.9, mean rank: 65.7, p = 0.001) and ceruloplasmin (men: median: 31.01, mean rank: 47.06; women: median: 31.0, mean rank: 62.9, p = 0.015). Differences by BMI were found in C3 (women non-overweight: median: 137.00 mena rank: 36.52; women with risk of overweight/overweight: median: 175.80, mean rank: 57.69, p = 0.002) and C4 (men non-overweight: median: 23.40, mean rank: 16.60; men with risk of overweight/overweight: median: 26.40, mean rank: 26.36, p = 0.028; women non-overweight: median: 24.25, mean rank: 37.16 and women with risk of overweight/overweight: median: 32.80, mean rank: 54.42, p = 0.013). Conclusion: Inflammatory proteins are increased in adolescents with risk of overweight and overweight, particularly in women

Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Artículo derivado de un proyecto de investigación de Suplementación con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 y vitamina D en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2Abstract: Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, with an imbalance in the secretion of adipokines and, worsening insulin resistance. Supplementation with n-3 PUFA in T2DM decreases inflammatory markers, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on adipokines, metabolic control, and lipid profile in T2DM Mexican adults. Methods: In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study, 54 patients with T2DM received 520 mg of DHA + EPA-enriched fish-oil (FOG) or a placebo (PG) daily. Baseline and 24-week anthropometric and biochemical measurements included glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac), leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and lipid profile; n-3 PUFA intake was calculated in g/day. Results: Waist circumference and blood glucose showed significant reductions in the FOG group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). Hb1Ac (p = 0.009 and p = 0.004), leptin (p < 0.000 and p < 0.000), and leptin/adiponectin ratio (p < 0.000 and p < 0.000) decreased significantly in both groups after 24 weeks (FOG and PG respectively). Serum resistin (FOG p < 0.000 and PG p = 0.001), insulin (FOG p < 0.000 and PG p < 0.000), and HOMA-IR (FOG p = 0.000 and PG p < 0.000) increased significantly in both groups. FOG had an overall improvement in the lipid profile with a significant decrease in triacylgycerols (p = 0.002) and atherogenic index (p = 0.031); in contrast, the PG group had increased total cholesterol (p < 0.000), non-HDL cholesterol (p < 0.000), and atherogenic index (p = 0.017). Conclusions: We found a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on waist circumference, glucose, Hb1Ac, leptin, leptin/adiponectin ratio, and lipid profile, without significant changes in adiponectin, and increases in resistin, insulin, and HOMA-IR in both groups.CONACyT, Desarrollo Científico para atender problemas nacionales, No. 21294

The ability of riboflavin-overproducing lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains to survive under gastrointestinal conditions

Riboflavin, vitamin B2, is essential for humans and has to be obtained from the diet. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce this vitamin, and they can be used for in-situ fortification of foods. This could be an alternative to supplementation with chemically synthesized vitamin, to palliate riboflavin deficiencies in specific groups of people. Moreover, if the producing LAB could survive in the gastrointestinal stress (GIT) they could be added as probiotics in this environment. In the present study we tested two riboflavin-overproducing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains (M5MA1-B2 and M9MG6-B2), spontaneous mutants of LAB isolated from chicha, a traditional Andean beverage. These two LAB, and also their isogenic strains M5MA1-B2[pRCR12] and M9MG6-B2[pRCR12], expressing the mCherry protein from the pRCR12 plasmid, were evaluated in vitro under simulated GIT conditions. Among other, specifically developed protein fluorescence assays were used. The four LAB showed similar levels of adhesion (>6.0%) to Caco-2 cells, higher than that of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG strain (4.51%). Thus, LAB biofilm formation was assessed in the labeled cells by intracellular mCherry fluorescence and in the unlabeled parental strains by crystal violet staining. Both methods detected the formation of consistent biofilms by the L. plantarum strains. The quantification of mCherry fluorescence was also used to analyze LAB auto-aggregation properties. High levels of auto-aggregation were detected for both M5MA1-B2[pRCR12] and M9MG6-B2[pRCR12]. Survival of LAB included in a commercial cereal-based food matrix (Incaparina) under GIT conditions was also evaluated. The four LAB were resistant in vitro to the stomach and intestinal stresses, and proliferated in this environment, indicating a protective and nutritional effect of the Incaparina on the bacteria. Also, M9MG6-B2 survival in the presence or absence of Incaparina was evaluated in vivo in a BALB/c mouse model. The administration of the M9MG6-B2 strain alone or together with Incaparina had no adverse effect on the health, growth and/or well-being of the rodents. In addition, an increment in the villus length/crypt depth ratio was observed. The overall results obtained indicate that the LAB studied have probiotic characteristics of interest for the development of functional foods.Fil: Hernández Alcántara, Annel M.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Pardo, Sandra. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Mohedano, Mari Luz. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Vignolo, Graciela Margarita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Aznar, Rosa. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos; España. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: López, Paloma. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Españ

A dimensão social das doenças: II - positividade das reações de Wasserman e VDRL em convocados para o Serviço Militar no Estado de São Paulo (Brasil), de 1972 a 1978

Following up the historical series started in 1968, the collection of data from 1972 to 1978 has shown that in the long run, in spite of oscillations, there were no significant variations of the coefficients of positiveness of the Wasserman and VDRL reactions in the boys recruited to the Army in the Capital. In the hinterland the raising on the coefficients' rates, from 1973 on, reverting the tendency previously observed, brought these rates near to those of the Capital. The study of the sub-samples showed the presence of larger proportions of positiveness among the recruits enlisted in the Capital as compared to those in the hinterland, independente of origin which may suggest some similarity to epidemiological reports from developed countries. On the other hand, among the recruits enlisted in the Capital there were larger proportions of positiveness among those born in other States of the country, which could be regarded as evidence of the presence of illness associated with proverty or under-development. In this connection, attention is called by the authors to the epidemiological peculiarities of the illness in view of the singularity of the respective social organizations at a given historical moment.Em seqüência à série histórica iniciada em 1968, com o objetivo de obter indicações sobre a evolução da sífilis no Estado de São Paulo (Brasil), foi feito levantamento dos dados de 1972 a 1978 que mostrou que ao longo do tempo e apesar das oscilações, não houve variações substanciais dos coeficientes de positividade das reações de Wasserman e VDRL em convocados apresentados no município de São Paulo. No interior do Estado o aumento dos valores dos coeficiente de 1973, invertendo a tendência anteriormente observada, aproxima esses índices aos do município. O estudo da subamostra indicou a presença de proporções maiores de positividade em convocados apresentados no município comparados com os apresentados no interior do Estado, independentes da naturalidade, o que poderia sugerir semelhanças com os quadros epidemiológicos descritos para os países desenvolvidos. Entre convocados apresentados na capital observou-se maiores proporções de positividade nos convocados nascidos em outros Estados do país, o que evidenciaria a presença da doença associada à pobreza ou ao subdesenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, foi chamada a atenção para as peculiaridades epidemiológicas das doenças em vista da singularidade das respectivas organizações sociais num dado momento histórico

The social dimension of the occurrence of disease: II - the positiveness of reaction to Wasserman and VDRL tests among draftees in S. Paulo State (Brazil), from 1972 to 1978

Em seqüência à série histórica iniciada em 1968, com o objetivo de obter indicações sobre a evolução da sífilis no Estado de São Paulo (Brasil), foi feito levantamento dos dados de 1972 a 1978 que mostrou que ao longo do tempo e apesar das oscilações, não houve variações substanciais dos coeficientes de positividade das reações de Wasserman e VDRL em convocados apresentados no município de São Paulo. No interior do Estado o aumento dos valores dos coeficiente de 1973, invertendo a tendência anteriormente observada, aproxima esses índices aos do município. O estudo da subamostra indicou a presença de proporções maiores de positividade em convocados apresentados no município comparados com os apresentados no interior do Estado, independentes da naturalidade, o que poderia sugerir semelhanças com os quadros epidemiológicos descritos para os países desenvolvidos. Entre convocados apresentados na capital observou-se maiores proporções de positividade nos convocados nascidos em outros Estados do país, o que evidenciaria a presença da doença associada à pobreza ou ao subdesenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, foi chamada a atenção para as peculiaridades epidemiológicas das doenças em vista da singularidade das respectivas organizações sociais num dado momento histórico.Following up the historical series started in 1968, the collection of data from 1972 to 1978 has shown that in the long run, in spite of oscillations, there were no significant variations of the coefficients of positiveness of the Wasserman and VDRL reactions in the boys recruited to the Army in the Capital. In the hinterland the raising on the coefficients' rates, from 1973 on, reverting the tendency previously observed, brought these rates near to those of the Capital. The study of the sub-samples showed the presence of larger proportions of positiveness among the recruits enlisted in the Capital as compared to those in the hinterland, independente of origin which may suggest some similarity to epidemiological reports from developed countries. On the other hand, among the recruits enlisted in the Capital there were larger proportions of positiveness among those born in other States of the country, which could be regarded as evidence of the presence of illness associated with proverty or under-development. In this connection, attention is called by the authors to the epidemiological peculiarities of the illness in view of the singularity of the respective social organizations at a given historical moment

Gut-derived metabolites mediating cognitive development in 5-year-old children: Early-life transplant in mice has lasting effects throughout adulthood

The gut microbiota has been causally linked to cognitive development. We aimed to identify metabolites mediating its effect on cognitive development, and foods or nutrients related to most promising metabolites. Faeces from 5-year-old children (DORIAN-PISAC cohort, including 90 general population families with infants, 42/48 females/males, born in 2011-2014) were transplanted (FMT) into C57BL/6 germ-free mice. Children and recipient mice were stratified by cognitive phenotype, or based on protective metabolites. Food frequency questionnaires were obtained in children. Cognitive measurements in mice included five Y-maze tests until 23&nbsp;weeks post-FMT, and (at 23&nbsp;weeks) PET-CT for brain metabolism and radiodensity, and ultrasound-based carotid vascular indices. Children (faeces, urine) and mice (faeces, plasma) metabolome was measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the faecal microbiota was profiled in mice by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Cognitive scores of children and recipient mice were correlated. FMT-dependent modifications of brain metabolism were observed. Mice receiving FMT from high-cognitive or protective metabolite-enriched children developed superior cognitive-behavioural performance. A panel of metabolites, namely xanthine, hypoxanthine, formate, mannose, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glutamine, was found to mediate the gut-cognitive axis in donor children and recipient mice. Vascular indices partially explained the metabolite-to-phenotype relationships. Children's consumption of legumes, whole-milk yogurt and eggs, and intake of iron, zinc and vitamin D appeared to support protective gut metabolites. Overall, metabolites involved in inflammation, purine metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis mediate the gut-cognitive axis, and holds promise for screening. The related dietary and nutritional findings offer leads to microbiota-targeted interventions for cognitive protection, with long-lasting effects