Mitochondrial Quality Control in Age-Related Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is age-related interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. About 100,000 people in the U.S have IPF, with a 3-year median life expectancy post-diagnosis. The development of an effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis will require an improved understanding of its molecular pathogenesis and the normal and pathological\u27 hallmarks of the aging lung. An important characteristic of the aging organism is its lowered capacity to adapt quickly to, and counteract, disturbances. While it is likely that DNA damage, chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and accumulation of heat shock proteins are capable of initiating tissue repair, recent studies point to a pathogenic role for mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. These studies suggest that damage to the mitochondria induces fibrotic remodeling through a variety of mechanisms including the activation of apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Different factors can induce MQC, including mitochondrial DNA damage, proteostasis dysfunction, and mitochondrial protein translational inhibition. MQC constitutes a complex signaling response that affects mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, fusion/fission and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) that, together, can produce new mitochondria, degrade the components of the oxidative complex or clearance the entire organelle. In pulmonary fibrosis, defects in mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis have been implicated in both cellular apoptosis and senescence during tissue repair. MQC has also been found to have a role in the regulation of other protein activity, inflammatory mediators, latent growth factors, and anti-fibrotic growth factors. In this review, we delineated the role of MQC in the pathogenesis of age-related pulmonary fibrosis

Influencia de la remoción foliar sobre la fenología de los árboles de cacao expuestos al sol y a la sombra

Se es tudiaron las efe ctos de! som breamien to y de la remoci6n foliar en arboles de cacao viejos y nuevos (50 y 12 anos respectivamen te) sabre su comportamiento fenol6gico, especialmente floraci6n , fructificaci6n, brotaci6n e incidencia de marchitez fisiol6gica, y tambien sabre su producci6n. Los resultados muestran que la intensidad de fl oraci6n y brotaci6n, tanto en los arboles nuevos como en las viejos fue mayor en las plantas sin sombra. Los mayores indices de fru tos marchi tos, presen ta dos por las arboles viejos con som bra, parecen estar relacionados con su menor tasa fotosintetica. Se observ6 una tendencia decreciente en la· producci6n de las arboles nuevos sin sombra a medida que se in tensific6 la remoci6n foliar, practica que no afect6 la producci6n de los arboles nucvos con sombra. Tambien se observ6 un aparente efecto benefico de la ~moci6n foliar !eve sabre la producci6n de las arboles viejos (con o sin sombra).Cacao-Theobroma caca

Pioderma gangrenosa en un paciente diabético tipo 2: reporte de un caso

We are presenting a case of patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus that was diagnosed with a soft tissue infection in the lower extremity. This was initially treated as cellulitis and antibiotic treatment was initiated. Due to a poor clinical response, the diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum was proposed as part of the differential diagnosis. Skin biopsies and pathology confirmed the diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum that had a satisfactory response to steroid treatment.Se presenta el caso de una paciente diabética tipo 2 que inicialmente fue diagnosticada como una celulitis complicada del miembro inferior izquierdo, pero ante la pobre respuesta con el tratamiento antibiótico, se consideró el diagnóstico de pioderma gangrenosa, confirmado anatomopatológicamente, con respuesta satisfactoria al tratamiento esteroideo tópico

Los arándanos, generalidades y desarrollo en el mercado mundial: una revisión de literatura

Throughout agriculture within the market, favorable results have been presented for the international and national economy through the export of the star product in recent years, considered a "superfruit", such as blueberries. The objective of this article was based on analyzing the existing literature on blueberries, generalities and development in the world market. For this, it was approached from a bibliographic or documentary design, of the literature review type. For this, five open access databases were used as resources: Google academic, Dialnet, Scielo, Latindex and Scopus, which allowed the location and choice of sources; For this reason, 58 sources were investigated, of which 40 were chosen, in the English and Spanish languages. From the investigation it is derived that the blueberry market and commercialization have a great impact on the economy and society worldwide. Blueberries are a profitable crop and their production and sale generate employment and business opportunities for producers and distributors. In addition, the growing demand for blueberries in international markets has led to an increase in production and the expansion of blueberry crops in many countries around the world. Likewise, the marketing and sale of blueberries also has a positive impact on the health of consumers, since blueberries have been shown to have health benefits, such as the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, the improvement of brain function and the prevention of of cancer.A lo largo de la agricultura dentro del mercado se ha venido presentando resultados favorables para la economía internacional y nacional mediante la exportación del producto estrella en los últimos años, considerada una “superfruta”, como es el arándano. El objetivo de este artículo se basó en analizar en la literatura existente sobre los arándanos, generalidades y desarrollo en el mercado mundial. Para ello, se abordó desde un diseño bibliográfico o documental, de tipo revisión de literatura. Para ello se utilizaron como recursos cinco bases de datos de acceso abierto: Google académico, Dialnet, Scielo, Latindex y Scopus, los cuales permitieron la ubicación y elección de las fuentes; por ello, se indagó en 58 fuentes, de las que se eligieron 40, en los idiomas inglés y español. De la indagación se deriva que el mercado y la comercialización del arándano tienen un gran impacto en la economía y en la sociedad a nivel mundial. El arándano es un cultivo rentable y su producción y venta generan empleo y oportunidades comerciales para los productores y distribuidores. Además, la creciente demanda del arándano en los mercados internacionales ha llevado a un aumento en la producción y en la expansión de los cultivos de arándano en muchos países del mundo. Asimismo, la comercialización y venta del arándano también tiene un impacto positivo en la salud de los consumidores, ya que se ha demostrado que el arándano tiene beneficios para la salud, como la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares, la mejora de la función cerebral y la prevención del cáncer

Modelling human choices: MADeM and decision‑making

Research supported by FAPESP 2015/50122-0 and DFG-GRTK 1740/2. RP and AR are also part of the Research, Innovation and Dissemination Center for Neuromathematics FAPESP grant (2013/07699-0). RP is supported by a FAPESP scholarship (2013/25667-8). ACR is partially supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)

26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3 - Meeting Abstracts - Antwerp, Belgium. 15–20 July 2017

This work was produced as part of the activities of FAPESP Research,\ud Disseminations and Innovation Center for Neuromathematics (grant\ud 2013/07699-0, S. Paulo Research Foundation). NLK is supported by a\ud FAPESP postdoctoral fellowship (grant 2016/03855-5). ACR is partially\ud supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)

Mitochondrial Quality Control in Age-Related Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is age-related interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. About 100,000 people in the U.S have IPF, with a 3-year median life expectancy post-diagnosis. The development of an effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis will require an improved understanding of its molecular pathogenesis and the “normal” and “pathological’ hallmarks of the aging lung. An important characteristic of the aging organism is its lowered capacity to adapt quickly to, and counteract, disturbances. While it is likely that DNA damage, chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and accumulation of heat shock proteins are capable of initiating tissue repair, recent studies point to a pathogenic role for mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. These studies suggest that damage to the mitochondria induces fibrotic remodeling through a variety of mechanisms including the activation of apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Different factors can induce MQC, including mitochondrial DNA damage, proteostasis dysfunction, and mitochondrial protein translational inhibition. MQC constitutes a complex signaling response that affects mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, fusion/fission and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) that, together, can produce new mitochondria, degrade the components of the oxidative complex or clearance the entire organelle. In pulmonary fibrosis, defects in mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis have been implicated in both cellular apoptosis and senescence during tissue repair. MQC has also been found to have a role in the regulation of other protein activity, inflammatory mediators, latent growth factors, and anti-fibrotic growth factors. In this review, we delineated the role of MQC in the pathogenesis of age-related pulmonary fibrosis

A Tale of Two Proteolytic Machines: Matrix Metalloproteinases and the Ubiquitin–Proteasome System in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by the activation of fibroblasts and the irreversible deposition of connective tissue matrices that leads to altered pulmonary architecture and physiology. Multiple factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis, including genetic and environmental factors that cause abnormal activation of alveolar epithelial cells, leading to the development of complex profibrotic cascade activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. One class of proteinases that is thought to be important in the regulation of the ECM are the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs can be up- and down- regulated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lungs and their role depends upon their location and function. Furthermore, alterations in the ubiquitin-proteosome system (UPS), a major intracellular protein degradation complex, have been described in aging and IPF lungs. UPS alterations could potentially lead to the abnormal accumulation and deposition of ECM. A better understanding of the specific roles MMPs and UPS play in the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis could potentially drive to the development of novel biomarkers that can be as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe how MMPs and UPS alter ECM composition in IPF lungs and mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis, thereby influencing the alveolar epithelial and mesenchymal cell behavior. Finally, we discuss recent findings that associate MMPs and UPS interplay with the development of pulmonary fibrosis