Early 2016/17 vaccine effectiveness estimates against influenza A(H3N2): I-MOVE multicentre case control studies at primary care and hospital levels in Europe

We measured early 2016/17 season influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against influenza A(H3N2) in Europe using multicentre case control studies at primary care and hospital levels. IVE at primary care level was 44.1%, 46.9% and 23.4% among 0–14, 15–64 and ≥ 65 year-olds, and 25.7% in the influenza vaccination target group. At hospital level, IVE was 2.5%, 7.9% and 2.4% among ≥ 65, 65–79 and ≥ 80 year-olds. As in previous seasons, we observed suboptimal IVE against influenza A(H3N2)

Early 2016/17 vaccine effectiveness estimates against influenza A(H3N2): I-MOVE multicentre case control studies at primary care and hospital levels in Europe

I-MOVE/I-MOVE+ study team: Portugal - Baltazar Nunes, Ausenda Machado, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Verónica Gomez, Irina Kislaya, Mafalda Sousa Uva (Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge); Raquel Guiomar, Pedro Pechirra, Paula Cristóvão, Patrícia Conde, Inês Costa (Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge).I-MOVE/I-MOVE+study team - Portugal: Baltazar Nunes, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Ausenda Machado, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Ana Paula Rodrigues, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Verónica Gomez, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Irina Kislaya, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Mafalda Sousa Uva, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Raquel Guiomar, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Pedro Pechirra, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Paula Cristóvão, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Patrícia Conde, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo; Jorge Inês Costa, Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge.We measured early 2016/17 season influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against influenza A(H3N2) in Europe using multicentre case control studies at primary care and hospital levels. IVE at primary care level was 44.1%, 46.9% and 23.4% among 0-14, 15-64 and ≥ 65 year-olds, and 25.7% in the influenza vaccination target group. At hospital level, IVE was 2.5%, 7.9% and 2.4% among ≥ 65, 65-79 and ≥ 80 year-olds. As in previous seasons, we observed suboptimal IVE against influenza A(H3N2).This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634446.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Adoption of digital tools in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Region of the Americas - the Go.Data experience

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the growth of digital health tools. Although a number of different tools exist to support field data collection in the context of outbreak response, they have not been sufficient. This prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to collaborate with the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) and GOARN partners to develop a comprehensive system, Go.Data. Go.Data, a digital tool for outbreak response has simplified how countries operationalize and monitor case and contact data. Since the start of the pandemic, WHO and GOARN partners have provided support to Go.Data projects in 65 countries and territories, yet the demand by countries to have documented success cases of Go.Data implementations continues to grow. This viewpoint documents the successful Go.Data implementation frameworks in two countries, Argentina and Guatemala and an academic institution, the University of Texas at Austin

Epidemiology of Epidemic Ebola Virus Disease in Conakry and Surrounding Prefectures, Guinea, 2014–2015

In 2014, Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa was first reported during March in 3 southeastern prefectures in Guinea; from there, the disease rapidly spread across West Africa. We describe the epidemiology of EVD cases reported in Guinea’s capital, Conakry, and 4 surrounding prefectures (Coyah, Dubreka, Forecariah, and Kindia), encompassing a full year of the epidemic. A total of 1,355 EVD cases, representing ≈40% of cases reported in Guinea, originated from these areas. Overall, Forecariah had the highest cumulative incidence (4× higher than that in Conakry). Case-fatality percentage ranged from 40% in Conakry to 60% in Kindia. Cumulative incidence was slightly higher among male than female residents, although incidences by prefecture and commune differed by sex. Over the course of the year, Conakry and neighboring prefectures became the EVD epicenter in Guinea

Exposure Patterns Driving Ebola Transmission in West Africa:A Retrospective Observational Study

BackgroundThe ongoing West African Ebola epidemic began in December 2013 in Guinea, probably from a single zoonotic introduction. As a result of ineffective initial control efforts, an Ebola outbreak of unprecedented scale emerged. As of 4 May 2015, it had resulted in more than 19,000 probable and confirmed Ebola cases, mainly in Guinea (3,529), Liberia (5,343), and Sierra Leone (10,746). Here, we present analyses of data collected during the outbreak identifying drivers of transmission and highlighting areas where control could be improved.Methods and findingsOver 19,000 confirmed and probable Ebola cases were reported in West Africa by 4 May 2015. Individuals with confirmed or probable Ebola ("cases") were asked if they had exposure to other potential Ebola cases ("potential source contacts") in a funeral or non-funeral context prior to becoming ill. We performed retrospective analyses of a case line-list, collated from national databases of case investigation forms that have been reported to WHO. These analyses were initially performed to assist WHO's response during the epidemic, and have been updated for publication. We analysed data from 3,529 cases in Guinea, 5,343 in Liberia, and 10,746 in Sierra Leone; exposures were reported by 33% of cases. The proportion of cases reporting a funeral exposure decreased over time. We found a positive correlation (r = 0.35, p ConclusionsAchieving elimination of Ebola is challenging, partly because of super-spreading. Safe funeral practices and fast hospitalisation contributed to the containment of this Ebola epidemic. Continued real-time data capture, reporting, and analysis are vital to track transmission patterns, inform resource deployment, and thus hasten and maintain elimination of the virus from the human population

A national cross-sectional study among drug-users in France: epidemiology of HCV and highlight on practical and statistical aspects of the design

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Epidemiology of HCV infection among drug users (DUs) has been widely studied. Prevalence and sociobehavioural data among DUs are therefore available in most countries but no study has taken into account in the sampling weights one important aspect of the way of life of DUs, namely that they can use one or more specialized services during the study period. In 2004–2005, we conducted a national seroepidemiologic survey of DUs, based on a random sampling design using the Generalised Weight Share Method (GWSM) and on blood testing.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional multicenter survey was done among DUs having injected or snorted drugs at least once in their life. We conducted a two stage random survey of DUs selected to represent the diversity of drug use. The fact that DUs can use more than one structure during the study period has an impact on their inclusion probabilities. To calculate a correct sampling weight, we used the GWSM. A sociobehavioral questionnaire was administered by interviewers. Selected DUs were asked to self-collect a fingerprick blood sample on blotting paper.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of all DUs selected, 1462 (75%) accepted to participate. HCV seroprevalence was 59.8% [95% CI: 50.7–68.3]. Of DUs under 30 years, 28% were HCV seropositive. Of HCV-infected DUs, 27% were unaware of their status. In the month prior to interview, 13% of DUs shared a syringe, 38% other injection parapharnelia and 81% shared a crack pipe. In multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with HCV seropositivity were age over 30, HIV seropositivity, having ever injected drugs, opiate substitution treatment (OST), crack use, and precarious housing.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is the first time that blood testing combined to GWSM is applied to a DUs population, which improve the estimate of HCV prevalence. HCV seroprevalence is high, indeed by the youngest DUs. And a large proportion of DUs are not aware of their status. Our multivariate analysis identifies risk factors such as crack consumption and unstable housing.</p

2015/16 seasonal vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation with influenza a(H1N1)pdm09 and B among elderly people in Europe: Results from the I-MOVE+ project

We conducted a multicentre test-negative caseâ\u80\u93control study in 27 hospitals of 11 European countries to measure 2015/16 influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B among people aged â\u89¥ 65 years. Patients swabbed within 7 days after onset of symptoms compatible with severe acute respiratory infection were included. Information on demographics, vaccination and underlying conditions was collected. Using logistic regression, we measured IVE adjusted for potential confounders. We included 355 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases, 110 influenza B cases, and 1,274 controls. Adjusted IVE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 42% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22 to 57). It was 59% (95% CI: 23 to 78), 48% (95% CI: 5 to 71), 43% (95% CI: 8 to 65) and 39% (95% CI: 7 to 60) in patients with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung and heart disease, respectively. Adjusted IVE against influenza B was 52% (95% CI: 24 to 70). It was 62% (95% CI: 5 to 85), 60% (95% CI: 18 to 80) and 36% (95% CI: -23 to 67) in patients with diabetes mellitus, lung and heart disease, respectively. 2015/16 IVE estimates against hospitalised influenza in elderly people was moderate against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B, including among those with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung or heart diseases

Post authorisation influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza associated hospitalisation with laboratory confirmed influenza among adults in Europe

Notre objectif était de mesurer chez les adultes en Europe l’efficacité des vaccins (EV) anti-grippaux saisonniers contre l’hospitalisation avec une grippe confirmée en laboratoire. Nous avons coordonné une étude cas-témoins multicentrique dans 29 hôpitaux de 12 pays entre 2011 et 2017. Nous avons fait une analyse des données groupées lors de chaque saison grippale. Entre 2011-12 et 2016-17, nous avons recruté 3436 cas de grippe et 5969 témoins. L’EV tous virus confondus était de 26% ; elle était de 40% chez les 18-64 ans, 25% chez les 65-79 ans et 23% chez les 80 ans et plus. Par saison, l’EV variait entre 15% en 2016-17 et 44% en 2013-14. L’EV était particulièrement basse chez les seniors lors des saisons grippales dominées par le sous-type de grippe A(H3N2), atteignant 10% en 2011-12 et 2016-17 chez les personnes âgées de 80 ans et plus. Nos résultats suggèrent une EV faible à modérée contre la grippe hospitalisée chez l’adulte. Le renforcement et l’évaluation de modes de prévention complémentaires, tels que l’usage prophylactique d’antiviraux, la vaccination du personnel soignant et les approches non-pharmaceutiques (masque, hygiène des mains) devraient être une priorité.Our objective was to measure seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalisation with laboratory-confirmed influenza in Europe among adults. Between 2011 and 2017, we coordinated a multicenter case-control study in 29 hospitals in 12 countries. We pooled and analysed the data after every season. Between 2011-12 and 2016-17, we recruited 3436 influenza cases and 5969 controls. Pooled across seasons, IVE against any influenza was 26%; 40% patients aged 18-64 yeas, 25% among those aged 65-79 years, and 23% among those aged ≥80 years. Season specific IVE ranged between 15% in 2016-17 and 44% in 2013-14. IVE was particularly low among elderly in seasons dominated by the A(H3N2) viruses; it was 10% in 2011-12 and 2016-17 in people aged ≥80 years. Our results suggest a low to moderate IVE against influenza hospitalisation in adults. Evaluating complementary prevention options, such as prophylactic antiviral use, vaccination of health care workers and non-pharmaceutical interventions should be a priority

Efficacité post autorisation de mise sur le marché de la vaccination antigrippale saisonnière contre l’hospitalisation avec une grippe confirmée virologiquement chez l’adulte en Europe

Our objective was to measure seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalisation with laboratory-confirmed influenza in Europe among adults. Between 2011 and 2017, we coordinated a multicenter case-control study in 29 hospitals in 12 countries. We pooled and analysed the data after every season. Between 2011-12 and 2016-17, we recruited 3436 influenza cases and 5969 controls. Pooled across seasons, IVE against any influenza was 26%; 40% patients aged 18-64 yeas, 25% among those aged 65-79 years, and 23% among those aged ≥80 years. Season specific IVE ranged between 15% in 2016-17 and 44% in 2013-14. IVE was particularly low among elderly in seasons dominated by the A(H3N2) viruses; it was 10% in 2011-12 and 2016-17 in people aged ≥80 years. Our results suggest a low to moderate IVE against influenza hospitalisation in adults. Evaluating complementary prevention options, such as prophylactic antiviral use, vaccination of health care workers and non-pharmaceutical interventions should be a priority.Notre objectif était de mesurer chez les adultes en Europe l’efficacité des vaccins (EV) anti-grippaux saisonniers contre l’hospitalisation avec une grippe confirmée en laboratoire. Nous avons coordonné une étude cas-témoins multicentrique dans 29 hôpitaux de 12 pays entre 2011 et 2017. Nous avons fait une analyse des données groupées lors de chaque saison grippale. Entre 2011-12 et 2016-17, nous avons recruté 3436 cas de grippe et 5969 témoins. L’EV tous virus confondus était de 26% ; elle était de 40% chez les 18-64 ans, 25% chez les 65-79 ans et 23% chez les 80 ans et plus. Par saison, l’EV variait entre 15% en 2016-17 et 44% en 2013-14. L’EV était particulièrement basse chez les seniors lors des saisons grippales dominées par le sous-type de grippe A(H3N2), atteignant 10% en 2011-12 et 2016-17 chez les personnes âgées de 80 ans et plus. Nos résultats suggèrent une EV faible à modérée contre la grippe hospitalisée chez l’adulte. Le renforcement et l’évaluation de modes de prévention complémentaires, tels que l’usage prophylactique d’antiviraux, la vaccination du personnel soignant et les approches non-pharmaceutiques (masque, hygiène des mains) devraient être une priorité

Post authorisation influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza associated hospitalisation with laboratory confirmed influenza among adults in Europe

Notre objectif était de mesurer chez les adultes en Europe l’efficacité des vaccins (EV) anti-grippaux saisonniers contre l’hospitalisation avec une grippe confirmée en laboratoire. Nous avons coordonné une étude cas-témoins multicentrique dans 29 hôpitaux de 12 pays entre 2011 et 2017. Nous avons fait une analyse des données groupées lors de chaque saison grippale. Entre 2011-12 et 2016-17, nous avons recruté 3436 cas de grippe et 5969 témoins. L’EV tous virus confondus était de 26% ; elle était de 40% chez les 18-64 ans, 25% chez les 65-79 ans et 23% chez les 80 ans et plus. Par saison, l’EV variait entre 15% en 2016-17 et 44% en 2013-14. L’EV était particulièrement basse chez les seniors lors des saisons grippales dominées par le sous-type de grippe A(H3N2), atteignant 10% en 2011-12 et 2016-17 chez les personnes âgées de 80 ans et plus. Nos résultats suggèrent une EV faible à modérée contre la grippe hospitalisée chez l’adulte. Le renforcement et l’évaluation de modes de prévention complémentaires, tels que l’usage prophylactique d’antiviraux, la vaccination du personnel soignant et les approches non-pharmaceutiques (masque, hygiène des mains) devraient être une priorité.Our objective was to measure seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalisation with laboratory-confirmed influenza in Europe among adults. Between 2011 and 2017, we coordinated a multicenter case-control study in 29 hospitals in 12 countries. We pooled and analysed the data after every season. Between 2011-12 and 2016-17, we recruited 3436 influenza cases and 5969 controls. Pooled across seasons, IVE against any influenza was 26%; 40% patients aged 18-64 yeas, 25% among those aged 65-79 years, and 23% among those aged ≥80 years. Season specific IVE ranged between 15% in 2016-17 and 44% in 2013-14. IVE was particularly low among elderly in seasons dominated by the A(H3N2) viruses; it was 10% in 2011-12 and 2016-17 in people aged ≥80 years. Our results suggest a low to moderate IVE against influenza hospitalisation in adults. Evaluating complementary prevention options, such as prophylactic antiviral use, vaccination of health care workers and non-pharmaceutical interventions should be a priority