Fauna helmintológica de catetos (Tayassu tajacu - Linnaeus, 1758) procedentes da Amazônia Brasileira e suas implicações para a criação comercial

Tayassu tajacu, popularly known as collared peccary, is a wild species found from the southern U.S. to northern Argentina and is abundantly found in Brazil. Its main feature is the "collar" of white bristle around the neck. They are omnivores and commonly consumed as a source of protein for coastal and indigenous populations. Their meat is highly prized in large urban centers in Brazil and abroad, and his leather used for the manufacture of fine items like gloves and bags. This makes it increased the number of commercial breeding these animals. Works with collared peccary parasites consists of description or redescription species, however, knowledge of infection indicators in addition to the parasite species, allows a better understanding of the relations between them and their hosts. Mammals present themselves parasitized a greater amount by nematodes that trematodes or cestodes, these being sometimes not observed. Have been reported parasitizing collared peccary the following species: Monodontus semicircularis, Monodontus Aguiari, Eucyathostomum dentatum, Dirofilaria acutiuscula, Texicospirura turki, Gongylonema baylisi, Gongylonema pulchrum, Parabronema pecariae, Parostertagia heterospiculum, Physocephalus sexalatus, Trichuris sp, Capillaria hepatica, Ascarops strongylina, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia spatulata, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Nematodirus molini, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Spiculopteragia tayassui, Strongyloides ransomi, Macracanthorhyncus hirudinaceus, Metastrongylus salmi, Fascioloides magna, Moniezia benedeni, Stichorchis giganteus. Knowledge of collared peccary helminth parasites is fundamental to the development of an adequate health management for the prevention and treatment of helminthic infections, aiding the expansion of its captive breeding. This study aimed know the helminthological fauna, as well as indicators of infection of collared peccary (T. tajacu) coming from the Brazilian Amazon. Five adult animals were captured in the Araguaína City, Tocantins State. The collared peccaries were euthanized and necropsied on the field with the opening and wash of each anatomical segment of the digestive tract, and was made an observation of the trachea, heart, lung, kidneys and subcutaneous tissue. The contents of the resulting washes were fixed in a solution of Railliet & Henry to species identification and determination of helminth infection indicators. Were collected 1394 helminths of the five collared peccaries, being nine species of nematodes: Eucyathostomum dentatum, Cruzia brasiliensis, Monodontus semicircularis, Monodontus aguiari, Spiculopteragia tayassui, Texiscospirura turki, Parabronema pecariae, Physocephalus sexalatus, Cooperia punctata.Tayassu tajacu, popularmente conhecido como cateto, caititu ou porco do mato, é uma espécie silvestre encontrada desde o sul dos EUA até o norte da Argentina, sendo abundantemente encontrado no Brasil. Sua principal característica está no "colar" de pelos brancos ao redor do pescoço. São onívoros e comumente consumidos como fonte de proteínas por populações ribeirinhas e indígenas. Sua carne é muito apreciada em grandes centros urbanos no Brasil e no exterior, e seu couro utilizado para a fabricação de artigos finos, como luvas e bolsas. Isto faz com que seja crescente o número de criações comerciais destes animais. Dos trabalhos feitos com parasitos de catetos, a maioria consiste apenas de descrição ou redescrição de espécies, no entanto, o conhecimento dos indicadores de infecção, além das espécies de parasitos, possibilita o melhor entendimento das relações entre estes e seus hospedeiros. Os mamíferos apresentam-se parasitados, em maior quantidade, por nematódeos que por cestódeos ou trematódeos, sendo estes às vezes nem observados. Já foram relatados parasitando catetos as espécies: Monodontus semicircularis, Monodontus aguiari, Eucyathostomum dentatum, Dirofilaria acutiuscula, Texicospirura turki, Gongylonema baylisi, Gongylonema pulchrum, Parabronema pecariae, Parostertagia heterospiculum, Physocephalus sexalatus, Trichuris sp., Capillaria hepatica, Ascarops strongylina, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia spatulata, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Nematodirus molini, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Spiculopteragia tayassui, Strongyloides ransomi, Macracanthorhyncus hirudinaceus, Metastrongylus salmi, Fascioloides magna, Moniezia benedeni, Stichorchis giganteus. O conhecimento dos helmintos parasitos de catetos é fundamental para a elaboração de um manejo sanitário adequado para a prevenção e tratamento de helmintoses, auxiliando a expansão de sua criação em cativeiro. Além disso, este tipo de estudos é de extrema importância por relatar novas espécies de helmintos em catetos antes encontradas apenas em outras espécies animais silvestres ou domésticas. O trabalho objetivou conhecer a fauna helmintológica, bem como os indicadores de infecções, de catetos (T. tajacu) procedentes da Amazônia Brasileira. Para tanto, foram utilizados cinco animais adultos, capturados no município de Araguaína, estado do Tocantins. Os catetos foram eutanasiados e necropsiados a campo com a abertura e lavagem de cada segmento anatômico do trato digestório, além da observação da traqueia, coração, pulmão, rins e tecido subcutâneo. Os conteúdos resultantes das lavagens foram fixados em solução de Railliet & Henry, para identificação das espécies de helmintos e determinação dos indicadores de infecção. Dos cinco catetos necropsiados, foi coletado um total de 1394 helmintos, sendo nove espécies de nematódeos: Eucyathostomum dentatum, Cruzia brasiliensis, Monodontus semicircularis, Monodontus aguiari, Spiculopteragia tayassui, Texiscospirura turki, Parabronema pecariae, Physocephalus sexalatus, Cooperia punctata

UV-B radiation reduces in vitro germination of Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. but does not affect virulence in fungustreated Aedes aegypti adults and development on dead mosquitoes

Fil: Falvo, Marianel Lucía. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Pereira-Junior, Ronaldo Alves. Universidade Federal de Goias. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saude Publica (IPTSP); BrasilFil: Rodrigues, J.. Universidade Federal de Goias. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saude Publica (IPTSP); BrasilFil: López Lastra, Claudia Cristina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: García, Juan José. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Fernandes, Everton K.K.. Fil

Metarhizium robertsii and M. acridum conidia produced on riboflavin-supplemented medium have increased UV-A tolerance and upregulated photoprotection and photoreactivation genes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of riboflavin supplementation of culture medium on conidial UV-A tolerance of M. acridum (Driver & Milner) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and M. robertsii (Bischoff, Rehner & Humber) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). These fungi were produced on culture medium supplemented, or not supplemented, with riboflavin. Relative germination and expression patterns of some photoprotection-related genes were evaluated after irradiating with artificial UV-A, or with filtered solar radiation (> 320 nm; UV-A and visible radiation). M. acridum conidia harvested from riboflavin-supplemented culture medium demonstrated enhanced UV-A tolerance when irradiated with artificial UV-A. Nevertheless, relative germination of conidia of both species produced on riboflavin-supplemented medium and exposed to filtered solar radiation was significantly higher than those produced on medium not supplemented with riboflavin. Riboflavin increased the transcription of photolyases, laccases and polyketide synthase genes. However, each fungal species induced different genes patterns involved in DNA repair and photoprotection. The addition of riboflavin to the substrate used for mass production of Metarhizium spp. and the resulting enhancement of conidial tolerance to solar radiation may improve the effectiveness of these fungi in biological control programs.Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plat

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Occurrence of Bovine Cysticercosis in Two Regions of the State of Tocantins-Brazil and the Importance of Pathogen Identification

Bovine cysticercosis, caused by Taenia saginata metacestodes, is the cause of significant economic losses to the meat production chain by condemnation and downgrading of infected carcasses. It is also a public health issue causing human taeniasis. This study evaluated the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis at the meat inspection procedures in slaughterhouses of south and north regions of the Tocantins State in Brazil. Specimens identified as cysts of T. saginata were collected and analyzed by molecular (PCR) and histopathological techniques. The cysts were collected from March to December of 2010 in slaughterhouses located in the cities of Alvorada (South) and Araguaína (North). The frequency of cystic lesions during the study was 0.033% (53/164,091) with 69.81% of calcified lesions and 30.9% of live cysts at meat inspection. From 14 samples submitted to molecular analysis, 28.57% (4/14) were positive for T. saginata. The histopathological analysis of the non-T. saginata samples showed lesions suggestive of granuloma and hydatid disease. The results indicated that the identification of the etiological agent is difficult by macroscopic inspection, emphasizing the need to associate specific diagnostic methods at meat inspection in abattoirs. In addition, species-specific PCR would be an effective tool for diagnosis, monitoring, and identifying cysticercosis, assisting the conventional tests