Obesity dependent metabolic signatures associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression

Our understanding of the mechanisms by which nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progresses from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH) is still very limited. Despite the growing number of studies linking the disease with altered serum metabolite levels, an obstacle to the development of metabolome-based NAFLD predictors has been the lack of large cohort data from biopsy-proven patients matched for key metabolic features such as obesity. We studied 467 biopsied individuals with normal liver histology (n=90) or diagnosed with NAFLD (steatosis, n=246; NASH, n=131), randomly divided into estimation (80% of all patients) and validation (20% of all patients) groups. Qualitative determinations of 540 serum metabolite variables were performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLCMS). The metabolic profile was dependent on patient body-mass index (BMI), suggesting that the NAFLD pathogenesis mechanism may be quite different depending on an individual’s level of obesity. A BMI-stratified multivariate model based on the NAFLD serum metabolic profile was used to separate patients with and without NASH. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.87 in the estimation and 0.85 in the validation group. The cutoff (0.54) corresponding to maximum average diagnostic accuracy (0.82) predicted NASH with a sensitivity of 0.71 and a specificity of 0.92 (negative/positive predictive values = 0.82/0.84). The present data, indicating that a BMI-dependent serum metabolic profile may be able to reliably distinguish NASH from steatosis patients, have significant implications for the development of NASH biomarkers and potential novel targets for therapeutic intervention

Aplicación de técnicas SIG en el estudio de evaluación de degradación de suelos. Mazarrón (Murcia)

El objetivo general de este estudio ha sido evaluar el estado actual y los cambios que se han producido en algunas características edáficas del área de Mazarrón (Murcia) en un periodo de 20 años, en relación con los procesos de degradación. Para ello se han utilizado los resultados de dos muestreos de suelos realizados en un intervalo de veinte años (1988 y 2008). Se han analizado algunas de las características edáficas que más relación tienen con la vulnerabilidad de los suelos a la erosión (Textura, Materia orgánica y Pedregosidad) y de las cuales se disponía de datos en los dos muestreos. Para la creación y análisis de la información espacial se han empleado dos Sistemas de Información Geográfica de software libre. Uno de ellos ha sido GvSIG, desarrollado por la Generalitat Valenciana y el programa GRASS. La metodología SIG empleada ha sido una herramienta fundamental para obtener la serie de capas de variables edáficas para los años 1988 y 2008. Los resultados muestran como el área de estudio es bastante vulnerable a los procesos erosivos, sobre todo por erosión hidrica y antrópica, debido a las características de sus suelos. Riesgo que se incrementaría si en futuro se abandonaran los cultivos.The main objetive of these study is to evaluate the current situation and the changes ocurred in some edaphic characteristics of the soils in the Mazarrón area (Murcia) in a twenty years period, in relation with the degradation processes. For these propose we have used the results of two soils samples carried out in a twenty years intervale (1988 and 2008). The caracteristics more related with the vulnerability of the soil erosion (texture, organic matter and stoniness) of wich we had data of the two samples were evaluated. Two Geografical Information System of free software have been used for the creation and analisis of the espacial information. One of these was GvSIG, developed by Generalitat Valenciana and GRASS programme. The GIS methodology carried out was a fundamental tool to obtain edaphic variables layers for the years 1988 and 2008. The results show how the study area is very sensible to the erosive processes, specialy by hidric and antropic erosion, because soil caracteristics. This hazard would increase in a future if the land was abandoned

COMPARACIÓN ENTRE LA PROPUESTA GENERADAS POR EL MODELO DE SIMULACION DE RIEGO OPTIMIZADO CON UN RIEGO CONSTANTE EN CULTIVO DE ZANAHORIA EN BRASIL

[ES] Los modelos de simulación de cultivos son utilizados como herramientas de ayuda a la gestión de los recursos disponibles. Para el cultivo de la zanahoria, pocos trabajos han estudiado el efecto del riego deficitario sobre su rendimiento y la calidad de las cosechas. La metodología ORDI (optimized regulated deficit irrigation), integrada en el modelo MOPECO, optimiza la distribución del agua disponible para riego a lo largo del ciclo de un cultivo bajo condiciones de déficit. El estudio se realizó en un área experimental de SIPA - Integrado de Producción Agroecológica, que se encuentra en Seropédica-RJ, Brasil. El sistema de riego utilizado fue localizado por goteo, con un ramal por cada dos líneas de cultivo y un espaciamiento entre emisores de 10 cm, aportando un caudal de 4 litros metro-1 . Se evaluaron dos métodos de aplicación de riego deficitario, los llamados: CDI (nivel de déficit constante de agua) y ORDI (nivel de déficit variable optimizado por etapas). Para ambos métodos se aplicaron 6 relaciones ETa/ETm globales objetivo (1,0, 0,9, 0,8, 0,7, 0,6 y sin riego). En los dos años de ensayo no aparecieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los rendimientos totales cuando se compararon las metodologías ORDI y CDI, para el mismo nivel de déficit. Sin embargo, un alto porcentaje de las raíces obtenidas con la estrategia CDI presentaron deficiencias en términos de calidad (malformaciones, tamaños inadecuados, grietas, etc) que ocasionaron una disminución del rendimiento comercial. En consecuencia, para un mismo volumen de agua de riego aplicado, la distribución del riego propuesta por ORDI fue más eficiente en términos de rendimiento comercial (llegando al 50% en el tratamiento 0,6 y de alrededor del 24% para el resto de tratamientos).Conceicao, B.; Carvalhoa, D.; Domínguez, A.; Tarjuelo, J.; Martínez-Romero, A. (2015). COMPARACIÓN ENTRE LA PROPUESTA GENERADAS POR EL MODELO DE SIMULACION DE RIEGO OPTIMIZADO CON UN RIEGO CONSTANTE EN CULTIVO DE ZANAHORIA EN BRASIL. En XXXIII CONGRESO NACIONAL DE RIEGOS. Valencia 16-18 junio de 2015. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/CNRiegos.2015.1433OC

Acumulación de Ag, Cu y Ni en sedimentos en una cuenca semiárida como sub-producto de la mina de oro El Triunfo, Baja California Sur, México

The dispersal of Ag, Cu, and Ni in mine wastes (tailings and ash) was studied from the source of an abandoned gold mine at El Triunfo (Baja California Sur, Mexico) to the adjacent coast of the Pacific Ocean. The highest contamination levels of the studied elements were measured in one sample of the tailings (Ag: 247 mg kg-1; Cu: 1660 mg kg-1; Ni: 111 mg kg-1). Horizontal and vertical distributions of these elements were obtained from the analysis of surface sediments, tailings, a test pit, a sediment core, and dunes. The background levels of these elements were estimated from independent methods. Then, these regional background level calculations were used to determine the normalised enrichment factors (NEFs). Relatively high NEF values (averages of Ag, Cu, and Ni were 24.0, 3.0, and 1.4, respectively) indicated that the area close to the mine waste zone (up to about 18 km from the source area) was moderately to severely polluted. Moderate to null pollution (average NEFs of Ag, Cu, and Ni were 7, 2 and 1, respectively) was interpreted for the area at about 18-49 km from the mine waste zone. Vertical distributions of the elements in sediments of the overbank, the test pit in the mine zone, and the sediment core (at the discharge of the main arroyo Hondo–Las Gallinas–El Carrizal), also revealed enrichment of Ag, Cu, and Ni relative to the surface sediments. This study indicated that historic and contemporary contamination continues to impact the fluvial environment.Se estudió la dispersión de Ag, Cu, y Ni, en desechos mineros (jales y cenizas) desde su origen en la mina de oro abandonada de El Triunfo (Baja California Sur, México) hasta su desembocadura en la costa adyacente al Océano Pacífico. Los mayores niveles de la contaminación de los elementos estudiados se presentan en los jales (Ag: 247 mg kg-1; Cu: 1660 mg kg-1; Ni: 111 mg kg-1). Se obtuvieron distribuciones horizontales y verticales de estos elementos a partir de los análisis de sedimentos superficiales, de deterun jale, de un pozo de ensayo, de un testigo y en las dunas adyacentes a la desembocadura del arroyo. Los niveles de fondo fueron calculados considerando varios métodos independientes. Luego, con estos cálculos de niveles de fondo se determinaron los Factores de Enriquecimiento Normalizados (NEFs). Los valores relativamente altos de NEF (promedios de Ag, Cu and Ni de 24.0, 3.0 y 1.4, respectivamente) indicaron que el área situada cerca de la zona minera (aproximadamente 18 km de los desechos mineros abandonados) se encuentra de moderada a severamente contaminada. Una contaminación moderada a nula (NEFs promedio de Ag, Cu y Ni: 7, 2 y 1, respectivamente) fue determinada en el área comprendida entre los 18 y los 49 km medidos desde el distrito minero. Las distribuciones verticales de los elementos en los sedimentos de los jales y el pozo de ensayo en la zona minera, así como en el testigo analizado en la desembocadura del arroyo principal (Arroyo Hondo – Las Gallinas – El Carrizal), muestran mayor enriquecimiento de Ag, Cu y Ni, que los sedimentos superficiales adyacentes. Este estudio indica que la contaminación histórica y contemporánea está impactando el ambiente fluvial

Challenges of viticulture adaptation to global change: tackling the issue from the roots

Viticulture is facing emerging challenges not only because of the effect of climate change on yield and composition of grapes, but also of a social demand for environmental‐friendly agricultural management. Adaptation to these challenges is essential to guarantee the sustainability of viticulture. The aim of this review is to present adaptation possibilities from the soil‐hidden, and often disregarded, part of the grapevine, the roots. The complexity of soil–root interactions makes necessary a comprehensive approach taking into account physiology, pathology and genetics, in order to outline strategies to improve viticulture adaptation to current and future threats. Rootstocks are the link between soil and scion in grafted crops, and they have played an essential role in viticulture since the introduction of phylloxera into Europe at the end of the 19th century. This review outlines current and future challenges that are threatening the sustainability of the wine sector and the relevant role that rootstocks can play to face these threats. We describe how rootstocks along with soil management can be exploited as an essential tool to deal with the effects of climate change and of emerging soil‐borne pests and pathogens. Moreover, we discuss the possibilities and limitations of diverse genetic strategies for rootstock breeding.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Challenges of viticulture adaptation to global change: tackling the issue from the roots

[EN] Viticulture is facing emerging challenges not only because of the effect of climate change on yield and composition of grapes, but also of a social demand for environmental-friendly agricultural management. Adaptation to these challenges is essential to guarantee the sustainability of viticulture. The aim of this review is to present adaptation possibilities from the soil-hidden, and often disregarded, part of the grapevine, the roots. The complexity of soil-root interactions makes necessary a comprehensive approach taking into account physiology, pathology and genetics, in order to outline strategies to improve viticulture adaptation to current and future threats. Rootstocks are the link between soil and scion in grafted crops, and they have played an essential role in viticulture since the introduction of phylloxera into Europe at the end of the 19th century. This review outlines current and future challenges that are threatening the sustainability of the wine sector and the relevant role that rootstocks can play to face these threats. We describe how rootstocks along with soil management can be exploited as an essential tool to deal with the effects of climate change and of emerging soil-borne pests and pathogens. Moreover, we discuss the possibilities and limitations of diverse genetic strategies for rootstock breeding.This work is framed in the networking activities of RedVitis (AGL2015-70931-REDT) and RedVitis 2.0 (AGL2017-90759-REDT), funded by the State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Ms Diana Marin is beneficiary of postgraduate scholarship funded by Universidad Publica de Navarra (FPI-UPNA-2016). Dr Juan Emilio Palomares-Rius acknowledges the State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the 'Ramon y Cajal' Fellowship RYC-2017-22228 and Dr David Gramaje acknowledges Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the 'Ramon y Cajal' Fellowship RYC-2017-23098.Marín, D.; Armengol Fortí, J.; Carbonell-Bejerano, P.; Escalona, J.; Gramaje Pérez, D.; Hernández-Montes, E.; Intrigliolo, DS.... (2021). Challenges of viticulture adaptation to global change: tackling the issue from the roots. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research. 27(1):8-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajgw.12463S825271AGÜERO, C. B., URATSU, S. L., GREVE, C., POWELL, A. L. T., LABAVITCH, J. M., MEREDITH, C. P., & DANDEKAR, A. M. (2005). Evaluation of tolerance to Pierce’s disease andBotrytisin transgenic plants ofVitis viniferaL. expressing the pear PGIP gene. 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Implementation of personal response systems in subjects of the Degrees of Chemistry and Biochemistry

La enseñanza en la Universidad pretende desarrollar capacidades de autoaprendizaje, de iniciativa y capacidad de visualización de los problemas planteados en cualquiera de sus ámbitos profesionales, así como la habilidad de adoptar soluciones que permitan resolver los problemas que la sociedad les plantee. Por otra parte, la innovación es un concepto que debe ir incorporándose transversalmente a la docencia, es por ello que cada vez más habitualmente se están usando herramientas que estimulan la participación activa de los alumnos. Por ello, los Personal Response Systems (PRS) permiten al alumno establecer un feedback con el docente mediante un dispositivo electrónico donde se realiza una serie de preguntas y los resultados se obtienen e interpretan en tiempo real. Se ha pretendido con este artículo de innovación docente disponer de una herramienta que permita conocer en tiempo real y de una forma simple si el alumno es capaz de responder a cuestiones sencillas, con un marcado carácter aplicado para evaluar el grado de comprensión de la materia. Este artículo se ha basado en la realización de una serie de actividades englobadas en una actividad central basada en el estudio de casos reales relacionados con diferentes temáticas El cuestionario se aplicó en asignaturas del Grado de Química y Bioquímica en las preguntas se realizaron sobre aspectos teóricos y prácticos de las mismas, así como sobre exposiciones preparadas por los alumnos. También se introdujo el idioma en el que se impartían (castellano e inglés) como variable adicional para la evaluación de los resultados obtenidos en los diferentes grupos de docencia.Nowadays the teaching context is undergoing changes in the teaching-learning binomial that require a more active participation by the students for a better assimilation of knowledge, skills and competences. On the other hand, it is also necessary that the student knows how to apply this knowledge to practical cases, for which it is necessary to adapt the conventional methodologies so that custom work by students is encouraged. It is intended with this teaching innovation investigation to use Personal Response Systems (PRS) as a tool that allows to know in real time and in a simple way if the students are able to answer simple questions, with a marked applied character, to evaluate the degree of understanding of the subject. In this sense, the use of new technologies, specifically the mobile applications, seems to be a friendly environment for the students that will predispose them favorably to the development of this activity. Since it is also a question of facilitating the teaching initiation of the four young teachers who make up this proposal, they will be in charge of the design of this teaching material and its subsequent evaluation supervised by the tutors of the group. The introduction of PRS in a subject can imply a new approach with very positive connotations for both the students and the teachers. The teaching innovation work will be applied in the subjects Instrumental Analysis I, Bioanalytical Chemistry and Bioorganic Chemistry, of the degrees of Chemistry and Biochemistry

Characterization of electrochemical systems using potential step voltammetry. Part II: Modeling of reversible systems

[EN] This study was carried out to compare the results obtained using potential step voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry with a rotating gold disc electrode (RDE), when models based on equivalent circuits (EC) were used. The results lead to an equivalent circuit model that allows us to interpret the electrochemical behavior of aqueous solutions containing Fe(CN)(6)(-4) and Fe(CN)(6)(-3). With this model, we determined the values of the electrical resistance of the medium (R-s) as well as its polarization resistance (R-p), and established correlations between these values and the kinetic parameters of the system. The proposal highlights the need to introduce a new component for modeling using EC, which we have called the electrochemical diode. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of BIA2016-78460-C3-3-R, MAT2015-64139-C4-3-R and RTI2018-100910-B-C43 (MINECO/FEDER) projects. We would also like to extend our appreciation for the pre-doctoral FPU scholarships (University Teacher Training scholarship) granted to Ana Martinez Ibernon (FPU 16/00723) and Jose Enrique Ramon Zamora (FPU13/00911) by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.Martínez-Ibernón, A.; Ramón Zamora, JE.; Gandía-Romero, JM.; Gasch, I.; Valcuende Payá, MO.; Alcañiz Fillol, M.; Soto Camino, J. (2019). Characterization of electrochemical systems using potential step voltammetry. Part II: Modeling of reversible systems. Electrochimica Acta. 328:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135111S11032