Efecto de la aplicación de elicitores de origen biótico en la biosíntesis de flavonoides en clavel (Dianthus caryophyllus L) durante la interacción con fusarium oxysporum f sp. dianthi

Flavonoids are compounds that have multiple functions in plant biochemistry, physiology and ecology, within which defense and protection against stress are described. For carnation flowers, flavonoids have been described as fundamental compounds in defense processes, mainly against Fusarium oxysporum sp. dianthi. This is a vascular pathogen that causes significant losses in the cultivation of this type of flower. In this work, the biosynthesis of flavonoids in carnation roots during the interaction with Fod was studied in detail, evaluating both the constitutive level and the effect of inoculation with the pathogen, also, the compounds present at the constitutive level and some biochemical and molecular parameters associated with its biosynthesis. Additionally, the effect of the application of a potential biotic inducer of resistance prior to inoculation that is obtained directly from the pathogen was evaluated. For this, two commercial varieties were used, which were subjected to an inoculation process and sampling at different hours post-inoculation, to subsequently obtain methanolic extracts and analyze the flavonoids present using HPLC/MS. For biochemical and molecular parameters, spectrophotometric methods and the RT-qPCR technique were used to evaluate the transcriptional levels of some of the enzymes involved. The results presented in this study confirmed the importance of flavonoid biosynthesis in disease resistance. At the same time, it was evidenced that the elicitation prior to the inoculation process stimulated this process in the susceptible variety, which allowed it to be prepared for the battle against the pathogen. The knowledge generated in this study complements the work developed in this model carnation-fusarium, and acredited the central role of flavonoids, especially flavanol-type glycosylates, in inducing resistance using elicitors of biotic origin.Los flavonoides son compuestos que tienen múltiples funciones en la bioquímica, fisiología y ecología de las plantas, dentro de las cuales se describen la defensa y protección frente al estrés. En clavel, los flavonoides han sido descritos como compuestos fundamentales en procesos de defensa, principalmente contra Fusarium oxysporum sp. dianthi; este es un patógeno vascular que causa pérdidas significativas en el cultivo de esta flor. En el presente estudio, se profundizó en la biosíntesis de flavonoides en raíces de clavel durante la interacción con Fod, evaluando tanto a nivel constitutivo, como por efecto de la inoculación con el patógeno, los compuestos presentes a este nivel y algunos parámetros bioquímicos y moleculares asociados a su biosíntesis. Así mismo se evaluó el efecto que tiene la aplicación previa a la inoculación de un potencial inductor de resistencia de origen biótico obtenido directamente del patógeno. Para ello, se emplearon dos variedades comerciales contrastantes a la enfermedad clavel (resistente y susceptible a Fod), que fueron sometidas a un proceso de inoculación y muestreos a diferentes horas posinoculación, para posteriormente obtener extractos metanólicos y analizar los flavonoides presentes usando HPLC/MS. Para los parámetros bioquímicos y moleculares se usaron métodos espectrofotométricos y la técnica RT-qPCR para la evaluación de los niveles transcripcionales de algunas de las enzimas involucradas. Los resultados presentados en este estudio confirmaron la importancia de la biosíntesis de los flavonoides en la resistencia a la enfermedad. Así mismo, se evidenció que la elicitación previa al proceso de inoculación estimuló este proceso en la variedad susceptible, lo que le permitió estar preparada para el desafío contra el patógeno. El conocimiento generado en este trabajo complementa los trabajos desarrollados en este modelo, y evidenció el papel central que tienen los flavonoides, especialmente los glicosilados de tipo flavonol, en la inducción de resistencia usando elicitores de origen bióticoLínea de Investigación: Bioquímica de las Interacciones Hospedero-PatógenoMaestrí

Mapeo del conocimiento didáctico del contenido de la alimentación y la nutrición humana de una profesora de secundaria

Establecer relaciones entre los componentes del conocimiento didáctico del contenido (CDC) representa un reto; la mayoría de investigaciones enfatizan en la identificación y descripción de componentes. Menor cantidad analizan las relaciones entre ellos, ya sea identificándolas o estableciendo el tipo de relaciones. En este escrito se presentan los resultados del mapeo del CDC sobre la alimentación y la nutrición humana, análisis realizado a partir de las respuestas dadas al cuestionario semiestructurado Representaciones de Contenido (ReCo) por una profesora experimentada de secundaria. Se destacan tres componentes mayoritarios del CDC, en su orden de frecuencia: los contenidos de enseñanza, los propósitos de enseñanza y el conocimiento de los estudiantes, y minoritariamente: la evaluación, las estrategias de enseñanza y el conocimiento del contexto

Health-related behaviors and symptoms of anxiety and depression in Spanish nursing students: an observational study

Background: Symptoms of anxiety and depression are prevalent among young adults and are a significant public health issue. College students are at a higher risk of experiencing poor mental health than other young people due to several factors, including moving away from home, financial pressures, heavy workload, poor time management skills, competitivity, new processes of socialization and insufficient coping mechanisms, among others. In addition, nursing students’ mental and physical health may also be affected by unhealthy lifestyle habits and health-related behaviors. Aim: To determine the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the association between these symptoms and health-related behaviors, in a population of Spanish student nurses. Methods: Cross-sectional study on a sample of 339 nursing students. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short form, the Spanish Healthy Eating Index and an “ad hoc” questionnaire for sociodemographic variables. The association between psychological symptoms and health-related behaviors was analyzed through binary logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety was 3.8% and 24.5%, respectively. Negative health-related behaviors were frequent, namely tobacco and alcohol consumption, suboptimal physical activity and diet. Moderate physical activity was associated with a lower probability of experiencing depressive symptoms. Symptoms of anxiety were related to a low level of physical activity, an unhealthy diet and alcohol consumption ≥2 times a week. Conclusion: Student nurses could benefit from the implementation of both physical and mental health promotion initiatives

Composição, abundância e riqueza de cicadellidae (insecta: hemiptera) em um campus universitário na savana de Bogotá, Colômbia

Despite their importance as disease vectors, there is limited information on the biology and ecology of leafhoppers in Colombia. Therefore, the present study assesses Cicadellidae composition, abundance, and richness at the Military Nueva Granada University (UMNG) campus in Cajicá, Cundinamarca (Colombia), which is located within an exurban rural area. For these purposes, linear insect sweeps were conducted in rectangular fields, 50 meters in length and 2 meters in width, in the following three different areas: short grasslands, tall grasslands, and the Bogotá river bend. Sampling was performed between 11:30 am and 12:30 pm for three weeks between March 2015 and April 2015. The insects were collected using an entomological net and preserved in 70% ethanol. At completion, a total of 2399 individuals had been captured, with Amplicephalus funzaensis and Exitianus atratus being the most abundant species. The composition similarities among the three zones exceeded by 40%, with the greatest similarity recorded between the tall grasslands and the river bend. However, no relationship was found between the number of Cicadellidae species and the number of plant species. In addition, the areas that exhibited the lower species richness were the short grasslands. In fact, the data suggests that frequent grass cutting affects the structure of the Cicadellidae community and increases the abundance of phytoplasmic vectors. Hence, the results provide an approximation of leafhopper composition, abundance, and richness at the UMNG campus, and offers suggestions on how to manage campus traits based on this information.A pesar de su importancia como vectores de patógenos, es escasa la información sobre la biología y la ecología de los cicadélidos en Colombia. Por esta razón, se analizó la composición, la abundancia y la riqueza de Cicadellidae en el campus de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada (UMNG) en Cajicá, Cundinamarca (Colombia). El campus se encuentra en un contexto rural exurbano. Se realizaron recorridos lineales de 50 m de longitud y 2 m de ancho, en tres zonas diferentes: pastizal corto, pastizal largo y meandro del río Bogotá. Los muestreos se llevaron a cabo entre las 11:30 h y las 12:30 h, durante tres semanas entre marzo y abril del 2015. Los insectos se capturaron con una red entomológica y se preservaron en etanol al 70%. Se capturaron un total de 2399 individuos, y fueron Amplicephalus funzaensis y Exitianus atratus las especies más abundantes. La similitud de la composición entre las tres zonas fue superior al 40% y la mayor similitud se presentó entre el pastizal largo y el meandro. No se encontró correlación entre el número de especies de Cicadellidae y el número de especies vegetales. La zona con menor riqueza fue el pastizal corto. Los datos sugieren que el corte frecuente del pasto afecta la estructura de la comunidad de Cicadellidae e incrementa la abundancia de vectores de fitoplasmas. Los resultados brindan una aproximación sobre la composición, la abundancia y la riqueza de cicadélidos en el campus de la UMNG, y se sugiere de qué manera las características del campus podrían manejarse.Apesar de sua importância como vetores de patógenos, há poucas informações sobre a biologia e a ecologia dos cicadelídeos na Colômbia. Portanto, o presente estudo avaliou a composição, a abundância e a riqueza de Cicadellidae no campus da Universidade Militar Nueva Granada (UMNG) em Cajicá, Cundinamarca (Colômbia). O campus está localizado em uma área rural exurbana. Realizaram-se varreduras lineares à procura de insetos em campos retangulares de 50 m de comprimento por 2 m de largura em três áreas diferentes: prados de grama baixa, de grama alta e no meandro do rio Bogotá. As coletas foram realizadas entre as 11:30 e as 12:30 horas, durante três semanas, entre março e abril de 2015. Os insetos foram coletados usando uma rede entomológica e preservados em etanol a 70%. No total, 2.399 indivíduos foram capturados, com Amplicephalus funzaensis e Exitianus atratus sendo as espécies mais abundantes. A semelhança na composição das três áreas foi superior a 40% e a maior semelhança foi registrada entre os prados de grama alta e o meandro do rio. Não foi encontrada nenhuma relação entre o número de espécies de Cicadellidae e o número de espécies vegetais. As áreas que apresentaram a menor riqueza de espécies foram os prados de grama baixa. Os dados sugerem que o corte frequente da grama afeta a estrutura da comunidade de Cicadellidae e aumenta a abundância de vetores de fitoplasmas. Portanto, os resultados apresentam uma avaliação aproximada da composição, abundância e riqueza de cicadelídeos no campus da UMNG e oferecem sugestões sobre como manejar as características do campus

HDSTART

Máster en Dirección de la Empresa Audiovisual. Curso 2009/201

Development and Validation of a Mobile Application as an Adjuvant Treatment for People Diagnosed with Long COVID-19: Protocol for a Co-Creation Study of a Health Asset and an Analysis of Its Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness

Objective: To analyse the overall effectiveness and cost-efficiency of a mobile application (APP) as a community health asset (HA) with recommendations and recovery exercises created bearing in mind the main symptoms presented by patients in order to improve their quality of life, as well as other secondary variables, such as the number and severity of ongoing symptoms, physical and cognitive functions, affective state, and sleep quality. Methods: The first step was to design and develop the technologic community resource, the APP, following the steps involved in the process of recommending health assets (RHA). After this, a protocol of a randomised clinical trial for analysing its effectiveness and cost-efficiency as a HA was developed. The participants will be assigned to: (1st) usual treatment by the primary care practitioner (TAU), as a control group; and (2nd) TAU + use of the APP as a HA and adjuvant treatment in their recovery + three motivational interviews (MI), as an interventional group. An evaluation will be carried out at baseline with further assessments three and six months following the end of the intervention. Discussion: Although research and care for these patients are still in their initial stages, it is necessary to equip patients and health care practitioners with tools to assist in their recovery. Furthermore, enhanced motivation can be achieved through telerehabilitation (TR)

Impact of Arterial Stiffness on All-Cause Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in Spain

Older age and cardiovascular comorbidities are well-known risk factors for all-cause mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hypertension and age are the 2 principal determinants of arterial stiffness (AS). This study aimed to estimate AS in patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and analyze its association with all-cause in-hospital mortality. This observational, retrospective, multicenter cohort study analyzed 12 170 patients admitted to 150 Spanish centers included in the SEMI-COVID-19 Network. We compared AS, defined as pulse pressure ≥60 mm Hg, and clinical characteristics between survivors and nonsurvivors. Mean age was 67.5 (±16.1) years and 42.5% were women. Overall, 2606 (21.4%) subjects died. Admission systolic blood pressure (BP) <120 and ≥140 mm Hg was a predictor of higher all-cause mortality (23.5% and 22.8%, respectively, P<0.001), compared with systolic BP between 120 and 140 mm Hg (18.6%). The 4379 patients with AS (36.0%) were older and had higher systolic and lower diastolic BP. Multivariate analysis showed that AS and systolic BP <120 mm Hg significantly and independently predicted all-cause in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj]: 1.27, P=0.0001; ORadj: 1.48, P=0.0001, respectively) after adjusting for sex (males, ORadj: 1.6, P=0.0001), age tertiles (second and third tertiles, ORadj: 2.0 and 4.7, P=0.0001), Charlson Comorbidity Index (second and third tertiles, ORadj: 4.8 and 8.6, P=0.0001), heart failure, and previous and in-hospital antihypertensive treatment. Our data show that AS and admission systolic BP <120 mm Hg had independent prognostic value for all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization

Empoderamiento y feminismo comunitario en la conservación del maíz en México

Articulo científico para revista indizada.El objetivo es analizar, desde una perspectiva basada en el feminismo comunitario, el proceso de empoderamiento de las mujeres que conforman un grupo de ocho integrantes matlatzincas de la comunidad de San Francisco Oxtotilpan, México, a través de prácticas productivas, alimentarias y culturales en torno al maíz nativo. Los datos fueron recogidos durante 2014 y 2015 con técnicas etnográficas que incluyen: observación participante, historias de vida, grupos focales, entrevistas semiestructuradas y a profundidad. Son mujeres que muestran cinco dimensiones de poder (social, corporal, material, simbólico y cognitivo) que repercuten en la preservación del maíz nativo, al generar la masa crítica necesaria para incorporar a otras mujeres en acciones favorables para la soberanía alimentaria

MOOC “FORMACIÓN PRÁCTICA EN LA FORMACION INICIAL DE PROFESORADO DE SECUNDARIA”. Mejora de materiales docentes y Análisis del impacto de los cambios en la enseñanza al introducir el MOOC en el MUPES

Memoria ID-152. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2019-2020