101 research outputs found
Redes de conectividad entre empresas tecnológicas a través de un análisis métrico longitudinal de menciones de usuario en Twitter
El objetivo principal de este trabajo es identificar y describir (mediante un análisis cibermétrico de menciones de usuario) la intensidad y evolución de las relaciones establecidas entre compañías de un determinado sector industrial (tecnología) a través de sus correspondientes cuentas corporativas de Twitter, con el propósito de comprobar el valor que un análisis métrico de estas características puede tener a la hora de determinar la conectividad entre dichas compañías. Para ello se han contabilizado las menciones, tanto directas (MT) como ReTweets (RT), entre las cuentas de Twitter de una muestra de 50 compañías internacionales durante un período de seis meses. Los resultados indican que el grado de interacción entre las 50 empresas tecnológicas es débil (tanto si contamos el número de conexiones establecidas como si cuantificamos la intensidad de estas conexiones), estable, concentrado en unas pocas relaciones específicas y de carácter marcadamente asimétrico. Se concluye que, dada la baja interactividad detectada, las cuentas corporativas de las empresas tecnológicas en Twitter no son suficientes para analizar desde un punto de vista métrico la conectividad web establecida entre éstas, aunque sí útiles para conocer las políticas de comunicación oficiales entre ellas.This work has been carried out in the framework of the research project with reference APOSTD/2013/002, funded by the Regional Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (Generalitat Valenciana, Spain).Azorín-Richarte, D.; Orduña Malea, E.; Ontalba Ruipérez, JA. (2016). Redes de conectividad entre empresas tecnológicas a través de un análisis métrico longitudinal de menciones de usuario en Twitter. Revista española de Documentación Científica. 39(3):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3989/redc.2016.3.1316S120393Adamic, L. A., & Huberman, B. A. (2001). The Web’s hidden order. Communications of the ACM, 44(9), 55-60. doi:10.1145/383694.383707Barabási, A.L. (2014). 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Disclosing the network structure of private companies on the web. Online Information Review, 39(3), 360-382. doi:10.1108/oir-11-2014-0282Orduña-Malea, E., Torres-Salinas, D., & Delgado López-Cózar, E. (2015). Hyperlinks embedded in twitter as a proxy for total external in-links to international university websites. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66(7), 1447-1462. doi:10.1002/asi.23291Ortega, J. L., & Aguillo, I. F. (2011). Social Network Tools for the Assessment of the University Web Performance. Social Media Tools and Platforms in Learning Environments, 185-201. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20392-3_11Luis Ortega, J., & Aguillo, I. F. (2013). Network visualisation as a way to the web usage analysis. Aslib Proceedings, 65(1), 40-53. doi:10.1108/00012531311297177Paniagua, J., & Sapena, J. (2014). Business performance and social media: Love or hate? Business Horizons, 57(6), 719-728. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2014.07.005Romero-Frías, E. (2011). 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Description of a new case of Bohring-Opitz (or Oberklaid-Danks) syndrome
Dismorfología y Genética ClínicaIn 1999, Bohring et al. reported a new syndrome clinically distinguishable from cases with C syndrome
or Opitz trigonocephaly. All the patients showed failure to thrive, microcephaly with metopic suture ridging,
nevus flammeus over the forehead, thick hair and forehead hirsutism, shallow orbits with prominent eyes,
depressed nasal root, anomalous ears, retrognathia, cleft lip and palate, flexion deformities of the upper
limbs with radial head dislocation and ulnar deviation of fingers. Patients have severe developmental delay,
sucking and swallowing difficulties starting in the prenatal period, as suggested by the usual polyhydramnios.
The brain anomalies include hydrocephaly/large ventricles, agenesis/hypoplasia of corpus callosum, Dandy-
Walker malformation, myelin abnormalities, and cortical atrophy. Occasional symptoms are a small or closed
fontanel at birth, inguinal hernias and cryptorchidism in males, and intestinal malrotation. Most patients die
early in childhood because of bradycardia and apnea. Although there is an overlap between C-like syndrome and C syndrome, different manifestations in these patients suggest a different entity. This new syndrome has
been called (apart from C-like syndrome) Bohring-Optiz or Oberklaid-Danks syndrome. Recently, it has been
associated in some patients to heterozygous de novo nonsense mutations in ASXL1 gene, which is required
for maintenance of both activation and silencing of Hox genes, suggesting that the syndrome is genetically
heterogeneous.
Here we describe the first case of this syndrome identified in the Spanish Collaborative Study of
Congenital Malformations (ECEMC) Registry, and possibly in Spain. Therefore, its minimal frequency has
been estimated in 1:2,648,286 newborn infants.N
Home enteral nutrition in Spain: NADYA registry 2010
Objetivos: Describir los resultados del registro de
nutrición enteral domiciliaria (NED) del grupo NADYASENPE
del año 2010.
Material y métodos: Se recopilaron los datos introducidos
en el registro desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de
2010.
Resultados: Se registraron 6.591 pacientes (51% varones)
con 6.688 episodios de NED, procedentes de 32 hospitales.
La edad media en los menores de 14 años (4%) fue
de 1 ± 2 años (m ± DS) y de 69,9 ± 17,8 en los mayores de
14 años. El 76% de los pacientes recibieron la NED por un
tiempo superior a 2 años. La patología más prevalente fue
la neurológica 42%, seguida de la neoplasia 28% (en su
mayoría cáncer de cabeza y cuello 18%). La información
referente a la vía de acceso sólo se recogió en 626 casos
(9,4%), el 51% de los pacientes utilizaron sonda nasogástrica,
27% gastrostomías, 10% vía oral y 3% yeyunostomías.
Sólo 251 episodios finalizaron a lo largo del año,
siendo el motivo más frecuente el fallecimiento del
paciente en el 57% de los casos y el paso a la alimentación
oral en el 14%. El 29% de los pacientes presentaban una
actividad limitada y el 39% estaba confinado en cama/
sillón. El 68% de los adultos requerían ayuda total o parcial.
El suministro del producto se realizó desde el hospital
o la farmacia de referencia en el 63% y 34%, respectivamente.
El suministro del material fungible se realizó
desde el hospital o atención primaria en el 83% y 16%,
respectivamente.
Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos en el registro
de NED del año 2010 muestran características muy similares
a las recogidas en los años previos en cuanto al
número y características de los pacientes registrados.
Seguimos encontrando problemas en la recogida de datos
relativos a la vía de acceso y finalización de los episodiosObjective: To describe the results of the home enteral
nutrition (HEN) registry of the NADYA-SENPE group in
2010.
Material and methods: We retrieved the data of the
patients recorded from January 1st to December 31st
2010.
Results: We registered 6,591 patients (51% males) with
6,688 episodes of HEN, from 32 hospitals. Mean age in
those younger than 14 yr (4%) was 1 ± 2 yrs (m ± SD) and
69,9 ± 17,8 yrs in those older than 14 yr. The length of
HEN was longer than 2 yrs in 76% of the patients. The
most frequent underlying disease was neurological disorders
42%, followed by cancer 28% (mostly head and neck
cancer 18%). We had information related to the enteral
access route in only 626 cases (9,4%), 51% of them used
nasogastric tubes, 27% gastrostomies, 10% oral route
and 3% jejunostomies. Only 251 episodes were closed
during the year, mostly due to patient death 57% and
progress to oral diet 14%. The activity level was limited in
29% of the patients and 39% of them were bed- or chairridden.
Total or partial help was needed by 68% of the
patients. The hospitals and the private pharmacies delivered
the enteral formula in 63% and 34% of the cases,
respectively. The hospitals and the primary care centres
delivered the disposables in 83% and16% of the cases,
respectively.
Conclusions: The results of the 2010 HEN registry are
similar to those published in previous years regarding the
number and characteristics of the patients. We continue
finding problems in the entrance of data referred to the
enteral access route and the closing of the episode
Preclinical Efficacy of Endoglin-Targeting Antibody–Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Ewing Sarcoma
[EN] Endoglin (ENG; CD105) is a coreceptor of the TGFb family that is highly expressed in proliferating endothelial cells. Often coopted by cancer cells, ENG can lead to neo-angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry in aggressive malignancies. It exists both as a transmembrane cell surface protein, where it primarily interacts with TGFb, and as a soluble matricellular protein (sENG) when cleaved by matrix metal-loproteinase 14 (MMP14). High ENG expression has been associated with poor prognosis in Ewing sarcoma, an aggressive bone cancer that primarily occurs in adolescents and young adults. However, the therapeutic value of ENG targeting has not been fully explored in this disease. Experimental Design: We characterized the expression pattern of transmembrane ENG, sENG, and MMP14 in preclinical and clinical samples. Subsequently, the antineoplastic potential of two novel ENG-targeting monoclonal antibody–drug conjugates (ADC), OMTX503 and OMTX703, which differed only by their drug payload (nigrin-b A chain and cytolysin, respectively), was assessed in cell lines and preclinical animal models of Ewing sarcoma. Results: Both ADCs suppressed cell proliferation in proportion to the endogenous levels of ENG observed in vitro. Moreover, the ADCs significantly delayed tumor growth in Ewing sarcoma cell line–derived xenografts and patient-derived xenografts in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Taken together, these studies demonstrate potent preclinical activity of first-in-class anti-ENG ADCs as a nascent strategy to eradicate Ewing sarcoma
A vaccine based on a modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector expressing Zika virus structural proteins controls Zika virus replication in mice
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that affects humans and can cause severe neurological complications, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. Since 2007 there have been three large outbreaks; the last and larger spread in the Americas in 2015. Actually, ZIKV is circulating in the Americas, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands, and represents a potential pandemic threat. Given the rapid ZIKV dissemination and the severe neurological and teratogenic sequelae associated with ZIKV infection, the development of a safe and efficacious vaccine is critical. In this study, we have developed and characterized the immunogenicity and efficacy of a novel ZIKV vaccine based on the highly attenuated poxvirus vector modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the ZIKV prM and E structural genes (termed MVA-ZIKV). MVA-ZIKV expressed efficiently the ZIKV structural proteins, assembled in virus-like particles (VLPs) and was genetically stable upon nine passages in cell culture. Immunization of mice with MVA-ZIKV elicited antibodies that were able to neutralize ZIKV and induced potent and polyfunctional ZIKV-specific CD8+ T cell responses that were mainly of an effector memory phenotype. Moreover, a single dose of MVA-ZIKV reduced significantly the viremia in susceptible immunocompromised mice challenged with live ZIKV. These findings support the use of MVA-ZIKV as a potential vaccine against ZIKVassembled in virus-like particles (VLPs) and was genetically stable upon nine passages in cell culture. Immunization of mice with MVA-ZIKV elicited antibodies that were able to neutralize ZIKV and induced potent and polyfunctional ZIKV-specific CD8+ T cell responses that were mainly of an effector memory phenotype. Moreover, a single dose of MVA-ZIKV reduced significantly the viremia in susceptible immunocompromised mice challenged with live ZIKV. These findings support the use of MVA-ZIKV as a potential vaccine against ZIK
On the front labelling of food: nutritional traffic lights, Nutri-Score and others
The labelling of packaged foods is a universal concern present in the national legislation
of most countries. Regulation (EU) No. 1169/20111 on food information provided to the
consumer allows the possibility of using a front nutrition label FOPL (Front-of-Pack
nutrition label) in a complementary way to the mandatory nutrition information, on a
voluntary basis, without replacing it, as long as the requirements mentioned in said
Regulation are met, do not mislead the consumer are not ambiguous or confused and
are based on relevant scientific data.Peer reviewe
The front labelling of food: Nutritional traffic lights, nutri-score and others
The labelling of packaged foods is a universal concern present in the national legislation of most countries. Regulation (EU) No. 1169/20112 on food information provided to the consumer allows the possibility of using a front nutrition label FOPL (Front-of-Pack nutrition label) in a complementary way to the mandatory nutrition information, on a voluntary basis, without replacing it, as long as the requirements mentioned in said Regulation are met, do not mislead the consumer, are not ambiguous or confusing and are based on relevant scientific data. The application of a "front" nutritional label is interesting in principle because it is more visible, unlike the mandatory nutritional label, which is located on the back or side of the packages. However, on the other hand, it can mislead the consumer should they intend to value the product nutritionally apart from the diet as a whole. An effective policy for the health of the citizen must be based on adequate training in food and consumption, starting from school age and reaching to society in general, contemplating the insertion of the variety of products in the variety of possible diets, according to the nutritional needs of the citizen, based on age, sex, lifestyle and sustainability. In this context, front labelling must be integrated into a global strategy to be effective and avoid being counterproductive. This document aims to offer food for thought to people, institutions and companies that have tomake decisions regarding food labelling.Peer reviewe
EUSO-SPB1 mission and science
The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 1 (EUSO-SPB1) was launched in 2017 April from Wanaka, New Zealand. The plan of this mission of opportunity on a NASA super pressure balloon test flight was to circle the southern hemisphere. The primary scientific goal was to make the first observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray extensive air showers (EASs) by looking down on the atmosphere with an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence telescope from suborbital altitude (33 km). After 12 days and 4 h aloft, the flight was terminated prematurely in the Pacific Ocean. Before the flight, the instrument was tested extensively in the West Desert of Utah, USA, with UV point sources and lasers. The test results indicated that the instrument had sensitivity to EASs of ⪆ 3 EeV. Simulations of the telescope system, telescope on time, and realized flight trajectory predicted an observation of about 1 event assuming clear sky conditions. The effects of high clouds were estimated to reduce this value by approximately a factor of 2. A manual search and a machine-learning-based search did not find any EAS signals in these data. Here we review the EUSO-SPB1 instrument and flight and the EAS search
Deep-sequencing reveals broad subtype-specific HCV resistance mutations associated with treatment failure
A percentage of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients fail direct acting antiviral (DAA)-based treatment regimens, often because of drug resistance-associated substitutions (RAS). The aim of this study was to characterize the resistance profile of a large cohort of patients failing DAA-based treatments, and investigate the relationship between HCV subtype and failure, as an aid to optimizing management of these patients. A new, standardized HCV-RAS testing protocol based on deep sequencing was designed and applied to 220 previously subtyped samples from patients failing DAA treatment, collected in 39 Spanish hospitals. The majority had received DAA-based interferon (IFN) a-free regimens; 79% had failed sofosbuvir-containing therapy. Genomic regions encoding the nonstructural protein (NS) 3, NS5A, and NS5B (DAA target regions) were analyzed using subtype-specific primers. Viral subtype distribution was as follows: genotype (G) 1, 62.7%; G3a, 21.4%; G4d, 12.3%; G2, 1.8%; and mixed infections 1.8%. Overall, 88.6% of patients carried at least 1 RAS, and 19% carried RAS at frequencies below 20% in the mutant spectrum. There were no differences in RAS selection between treatments with and without ribavirin. Regardless of the treatment received, each HCV subtype showed specific types of RAS. Of note, no RAS were detected in the target proteins of 18.6% of patients failing treatment, and 30.4% of patients had RAS in proteins that were not targets of the inhibitors they received. HCV patients failing DAA therapy showed a high diversity of RAS. Ribavirin use did not influence the type or number of RAS at failure. The subtype-specific pattern of RAS emergence underscores the importance of accurate HCV subtyping. The frequency of “extra-target” RAS suggests the need for RAS screening in all three DAA target regions
Neutrino Target-of-Opportunity Observations with Space-based and Suborbital Optical Cherenkov Detectors
Cosmic-ray accelerators capable of reaching ultra-high energies are expected to also produce very-high energy neutrinos via hadronic interactions within the source or its surrounding environment. Many of the candidate astrophysical source classes are either transient in nature or exhibit flaring activity. Using the Earth as a neutrino converter, suborbital and space-based optical Cherenkov detectors, such as EUSO-SPB2 and POEMMA, will be able to detect upward-moving extensive air showers induced by decay tau-leptons generated from cosmic tau neutrinos with energies ∼10 PeV and above. Both EUSO-SPB2 and POEMMA will be able to quickly repoint, enabling rapid response to astrophysical transient events. we calculate the transient sensitivity and sky coverage for both EUSO-SPB2 and POEMMA, accounting for constraints imposed by the Sun and the Moon on the observation time. We also calculate both detectors\u27 neutrino horizons for a variety of modeled astrophysical neutrino fluences. We find that both EUSO-SPB2 and POEMMA will achieve transient sensitivities at the level of modeled neutrino fluences for nearby sources. We conclude with a discussion of the prospects of each mission detecting at least one transient event for various modeled astrophysical neutrino sources
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