Análisis de la minería de baja escala en Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

La minería artesanal y de baja escala en la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego está orientada a la extracción de dos recursos: áridos y turba. Los primeros, de origen pétreo o terroso, vinculados a la industria de la construcción local, y los segundos, constituidos por materia orgánica, son de gran utilidad para las industrias agraria y petrolera. Ambos se definen, según el Código de Minería, como no renovables, por lo que no se regeneran a escala humana. Este trabajo busca, a través de un análisis documental en el marco de una metodología preponderantemente cualitativa, caracterizar la actividad económica del sector minero, describir las actuales cadenas de valor, identificar los actores claves insertos en el sector y analizar el marco legal que acompaña a la explotación de ambos recursos, para poder dar respuesta a qué tipo de sostenibilidad responde el desenvolvimiento de la actividad en la isla.Artisanal and small-scale mining on Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego is aimed at the extraction of two resources: aggregates and peat. The former have a stone or earth origin, and are produced for the local construction industry. The latter, in turn, is derived from organic matter, and is mainly used in the agricultural and oil industry. According to the Mining Code, they are both defined as non-renewable, so stocks do not regenerate after they are mined. This work seeks, through a documentary analysis within the framework of a predominantly qualitative methodology, to characterize the economic activity of the mining sector, describe the current value chains, identify the key actors involved in the sector and analyze the legal framework that regulates the exploitation of both resources, in order to determine the type of sustainability that responds to the development of this activity on the island.Fil: Cantero, Camila Aldana. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico e Innovación; Argentina.Fil: Romano, Silvina Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico e Innovación; Argentina

Avances en la medición de ioduro en aguas de consumo humano

Avances en la medición de ioduro en aguas de consumo humano

AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE CULTURA BRASILEIRA, LITERATURA E TURISMO NA REVISTA TRAVEL IN BRAZIL (1941-1942)

Cecília Meireles edited the Travel in Brazil magazine (1941-1942), as a request of the DIP of the Vargas’ Government to, through literature, promote Brazil to the foreign eyes, and attract avid tourists. Through nine magazine articles analyses, it is aimed to verify the importance of these works for Brazilian Culture studies; to analyze your tourism approach based on Travel Literature and, to compare them with travel guides. It is considered as a bibliographic foundation: Freyre (2015 [1933]; 1968 [1934]), Holanda (1995 [1936]), Cristóvão (2002), Hendrix (2014), Romano (2016) and Enzensberger (1985). Results indicate that, the authors published a tourism work of great brazilian historical and cultural value, that has much to add to our origin and literature studies.Cecília Meireles editó la revista Travel in Brazil (1941-1942), a pedido del DIP del Gobierno de Vargas para, a través de la literatura, promover el Brasil a las miradas extranjeras y atraer ávidos turistas. Se objetiva, a través del análisis de nueve artículos de las revistas, verificar su importancia para los estudios de Cultura Brasileña; analizar su enfoque turístico basado en la Literatura de Viajes y, comparandolos con guías turísticos. Se considera como fundamentación bibliográfica: Freyre (2015 [1933]; 1968 [1934]), Holanda (1995 [1936]), Cristóvão (2002), Hendrix (2014), Romano (2016) y Enzensberger (1985). Los resultados apuntan que los autores publicaron un trabajo turístico de gran valor histórico y cultural brasileños, que mucho viene a añadir a los estudios de nuestras raíces culturales y literarias.Cecília Meireles editou a revista Travel in Brazil (1941-1942), por encomenda do DIP do Governo Vargas para, através da literatura, promover o Brasil aos olhares estrangeiros e atrair ávidos turistas. Objetiva-se, através da análise de nove artigos das revistas, verificar a importância deles para os estudos de Cultura Brasileira, analisar sua abordagem turística com base na Literatura de Viagens e compara-los com guias turísticos. Considera-se como fundamentação bibliográfica: Freyre (2015 [1933]; 1968 [1934]), Holanda (1995 [1936]), Cristóvão (2002), Hendrix (2014), Romano (2016) e Enzensberger (1985). Resultados apontam que os autores publicaram um trabalho turístico de grande valor histórico e cultural brasileiros, que muito vem a acrescentar aos estudos de nossas raízes culturais e literárias

Anti-Zika virus activity of several abietane-type ferruginol analogues

[EN] Abietane diterpenoids are naturally occurring plant metabolites with a broad spectrum of biological effects including antibacterial. antileishmanial, antitumor, antioxidant, as well as antiinfiammatory activities. Recently, we found that some analogues of natural ferruginol (2) actively inhibited dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) replication. Due to the similarity with DENY, we envisaged that abietane diteipenoids would also be active against Zika virus (ZIKV). Six selected semi-synthetic abietane derivatives of (+)-dehydroabietylatnine (3) were tested. Cytotoxicity was determined by Mn' assay in Vero cells. In vitro anti-ZIKV (clinical isolate. imT17) activity was evaluated by plaque assay. Interestingly, these molecules showed potential as anti-ZIKV agents, with EC50 values ranging from 0.67 to 18.57 mu M. and cytotoxicity (CC50 values) from 256 to 35.09 mu M. The 18-Oxoferruginol (8) (EC50 = 2.60 mu M, SI = 13.51) and 12-nitro-N-benzoyldehydroabietylamine (9) (ECG 0.67 mu M, SI = 3.82) were the most active compounds, followed by 12-hydroxy-N-tosyldehydroabietylamine (7) (EC50 = 3.58 mu M, SI = 3.20) and 12-hydroxy-N,N-phthaloyldehydroabietylamine (5) (EC50 = 7.76 mu M, SI = 1.23). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on anti-Zika virus properties of abietanes.Financial support from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, under a cooperation "ADSIDEO" research grant (AD1902), is gratefully acknowledged. We are also gratefully to the financial support of the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grants No 2013/01690-0, No 2019/03859-9, and FAPESP Scholarship No 2013/017029 to FTGS.Sousa, FTG.; Nunes, C.; Malta Romano, C.; Cerdeira Sabino, E.; González-Cardenete, MA. (2020). Anti-Zika virus activity of several abietane-type ferruginol analogues. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. 62:1-4. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-9946202062097S1462Newman, D. J., & Cragg, G. M. (2020). Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019. Journal of Natural Products, 83(3), 770-803. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01285Hanson, J. R., Nichols, T., Mukhrish, Y., & Bagley, M. C. (2019). Diterpenoids of terrestrial origin. Natural Product Reports, 36(11), 1499-1512. doi:10.1039/c8np00079dGonzález, M. A. (2015). Aromatic abietane diterpenoids: their biological activity and synthesis. Natural Product Reports, 32(5), 684-704. doi:10.1039/c4np00110aBrandt, C. W., & Neubauer, L. G. (1939). 221. Miro resin. Part I. Ferruginol. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed), 1031. doi:10.1039/jr9390001031González, M. A., Clark, J., Connelly, M., & Rivas, F. (2014). Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 24(22), 5234-5237. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.061Balasubramanian, A., Teramoto, T., Kulkarni, A. A., Bhattacharjee, A. K., & Padmanabhan, R. (2017). Antiviral activities of selected antimalarials against dengue virus type 2 and Zika virus. Antiviral Research, 137, 141-150. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.015Roa-Linares, V. C., Brand, Y. M., Agudelo-Gomez, L. S., Tangarife-Castaño, V., Betancur-Galvis, L. A., Gallego-Gomez, J. C., & González, M. A. (2016). Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 108, 79-88. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.009González, M. A., & Pérez-Guaita, D. (2012). Short syntheses of (+)-ferruginol from (+)-dehydroabietylamine. Tetrahedron, 68(47), 9612-9615. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.055Dea-Ayuela, M. A., Bilbao-Ramos, P., Bolás-Fernández, F., & González-Cardenete, M. A. (2016). Synthesis and antileishmanial activity of C7- and C12-functionalized dehydroabietylamine derivatives. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 121, 445-450. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.004Cory, A. H., Owen, T. C., Barltrop, J. A., & Cory, J. G. (1991). Use of an Aqueous Soluble Tetrazolium/Formazan Assay for Cell Growth Assays in Culture. Cancer Communications, 3(7), 207-212. doi:10.3727/095535491820873191Chattopadhyay, D., Sarkar, M. C.-, Chatterjee, T., Sharma Dey, R., Bag, P., Chakraborti, S., & Khan, M. T. H. (2009). Recent advancements for the evaluation of anti-viral activities of natural products. New Biotechnology, 25(5), 347-368. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2009.03.00

Potentialities of a virtual learning environment to support students' argumentation in science classes at secondary school

Los propósitos de este estudio fueron evaluar proyectos incluidos en la plataforma Web-based Inquiry Science Environment (WISE) y analizar la implementación didáctica de uno de esos proyectos con un grupo de estudiantes de escuela secundaria de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina). Para alcanzar estos objetivos se evaluó la potencialidad de los proyectos a través del método de análisis de contenido y se caracterizaron las producciones argumentativas escritas por los alumnos de acuerdo al modelo de Toulmin. El análisis de contenido permitió determinar la idoneidad de la plataforma virtual para la indagación científica y, en función de esto, seleccionar un proyecto específico para trabajar en el aula. Los estudiantes participaron activamente de las tareas propuestas y sus producciones argumentativas tuvieron un grado de complejidad alto.The purposes of this study were to assess projects included in the Web-based Inquiry Science Environment (WISE) and analyze the implementation of a teaching proposal based on one of these projects in a secondary school in the city of Córdoba (Argentina). In order to achieve this objectives, two activities were carried out, the potentiality of the projects was assesed through a content analysis method and the argumentative productions written by the students were characterized using Toulmin Model. The content analysis method allowed us to determine the suitability of the virtual platform for scientific inquiry and, then, choose a specific project to work in the classroom. The students actively took part in the proposed activities and their argumentative productions had a high degree of complexity

Estratificação populacional em sul-americanos de origem européia e sua importância para a pesquisa genética psiquiátrica no Brasil

Universidade de São Paulo Medical School Department and Institute of PsychiatryUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Medical School Department of Mental HealthUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of Psychiatry Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Department of GeneticsUNIFESP, Department of Psychiatry Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical NeuroscienceSciEL

Uma revisão sobre a pesquisa genética psiquiátrica na população brasileira

OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: A large increase in the number of Brazilian studies on psychiatric genetics has been observed in the 1970's since the first publications conducted by a group of researchers in Brazil. Here we reviewed the literature and evaluated the advantages and difficulties of psychiatric genetic studies in the Brazilian population. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian population is one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world, formed mainly by the admixture between European, African and Native American populations. Although the admixture process is not a particularity of the Brazilian population, much of the history and social development in Brazil underlies the ethnic melting pot we observe nowadays. Such ethnical heterogeneity of the Brazilian population obviously brings some problems when performing genetic studies. However, the Brazilian population offers a number of particular characteristics that are of major interest when genetic studies are carried out, such as the presence of isolated populations. Thus, differences in the genetic profile and in the exposure to environmental risks may result in different interactions and pathways to psychopathology.OBJETIVO E MÉTODO: Desde a década de 70, quando os primeiros estudos em genética psiquiátrica conduzidos por um grupo de brasileiros foram publicados, o número de trabalhos realizados no Brasil vem aumentando consideravelmente. Através desta revisão, avaliamos as vantagens e as dificuldades da realização de pesquisas em psiquiatria genética na população brasileira. CONCLUSÃO: A população brasileira é uma das mais heterogêneas do mundo, formada principalmente pela combinação entre populações européia, africana e nativa americana. Apesar de a mistura entre raças não ser uma particularidade da população brasileira, a história e o desenvolvimento social no Brasil ocasionou uma grande miscigenação étnica, a qual é observada atualmente. Devido à heterogeneidade de suas origens, diversos problemas são levantados em estudos genéticos realizados no Brasil. Porém, a população brasileira oferece características particulares para desenvolvimento de pesquisas genéticas, como a presença de populações isoladas. Portanto, diferenças genéticas e exposição a riscos ambientais podem resultar em diferentes interações e caminhos para alterações psicopatológicas

EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL ALÉM DO MEIO AMBIENTE: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE RELAÇÕES SOCIOPOLÍTICAS NOS MODELOS DE ENSINO

Existem diferentes concepções de Educação Ambiental. Cada concepção é formulada conforme os interesses de um dado grupo ou momento social. Lucie Sauvé, em “Uma cartografia das correntes em Educação Ambiental”, descreve os princípios dos quais partem as principais ideias que circundam os discursos em EA. Neste trabalho, fez-se uma breve revisão sobre os modelos de EA, confrontando o modelo hegemônico capitalista com a concepção política. As discussões foram norteadas a partir das correntes descritas por Sauvé. Entendeu-se que a EA fundamentada na crítica social busca superação de uma visão ingênua e fragmentada dentro do processo educativo, propiciando a aquisição de ferramentas culturais que se direcionem contra valores capitalistas, no qual degrada o coletivo e deturpa os reais objetivos da EA. A concepção política da EA permite que vejamos as questões sociais de modo crítico, vendo o mundo determinado historicamente, sendo movido por interesses e conflitos sociais. A construção de uma proposta política dentro da EA deve ser realizada coletivamente, levando em consideração a problematização das questões sociais, na qual se insere o educando

Demographic Histories of ERV-K in Humans, Chimpanzees and Rhesus Monkeys

We detected 19 complete endogenous retroviruses of the K family in the genome of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta; RhERV-K) and 12 full length elements in the genome of the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes; CERV-K). These sequences were compared with 55 human HERV-K and 20 CERV-K reported previously, producing a total data set of 106 full-length ERV-K genomes. Overall, 61% of the human elements compared to 21% of the chimpanzee and 47% of rhesus elements had estimated integration times less than 4.5 million years before present (MYBP), with an average integration times of 7.8 MYBP, 13.4 MYBP and 10.3 MYBP for HERV-K, CERV-K and RhERV-K, respectively. By excluding those ERV-K sequences generated by chromosomal duplication, we used 63 of the 106 elements to compare the population dynamics of ERV-K among species. This analysis indicated that both HERV-K and RhERV-K had similar demographic histories, including markedly smaller effective population sizes, compared to CERV-K. We propose that these differing ERV-K dynamics reflect underlying differences in the evolutionary ecology of the host species, such that host ecology and demography represent important determinants of ERV-K dynamics