The civil legal category of property rights in Ukraine in the context of ECtHR decisions: problems of theory and practice

For the moment, ECtHR is one of the most respected and effective human rights institutions, so its decisions have the potential to create a platform to optimize and improve the application of legal rules and legal relations in case of gaps in national law. The study of the civil law category of property rights in the context of ECtHR jurisprudence is a significant step towards modernizing the consciousness of modern Ukrainian society and unifying the regulation of issues related to property. The authors used the method of analysis and the synthesis method as well as the comparative legal method in this research. In conclusion, the authors highlighted that since ECtHR decisions are binding in the administration of justice in Ukraine, there are many problems regarding the correlation between the concepts of "property", "ownership", "intellectual property", etc. The Ukrainian legislator and the law enforcer need to adapt to the flexibility of these concepts to minimize the divergence of views on legal categories that play a decisive role in the exercise of the applicant's right to judicial protection

Global survey of star clusters in the Milky Way I. The pipeline and fundamental parameters in the second quadrant

Aims: On the basis of the PPMXL star catalogue we performed a survey of star clusters in the second quadrant of the Milky Way. Methods: From the PPMXL catalogue of positions and proper motions we took the subset of stars with near-infrared photometry from 2MASS and added the remaining 2MASS stars without proper motions (called 2MAst, i.e. 2MASS with astrometry). We developed a data-processing pipeline including interactive human control of a standardised set of multi-dimensional diagrams to determine kinematic and photometric membership probabilities for stars in a cluster region. The pipeline simultaneously produced the astrophysical parameters of a cluster. From literature we compiled a target list of presently known open and globular clusters, cluster candidates, associations, and moving groups. From established member stars we derived spatial parameters (coordinates of centres and radii of the main morphological parts of clusters) and cluster kinematics (average proper motions and sometimes radial velocities). For distance, reddening, and age determination we used specific sets of theoretical isochrones. Tidal parameters were obtained by a fit of three-parameter King profiles to the observed density distributions of members. Results: We investigated all 871 objects in the 2nd Galactic quadrant, of which we successfully treated 642 open clusters, 2 globular clusters, and 8 stellar associations. The remaining 219 objects (24%) were recognised by us to be nonexistent clusters, duplicate entries, or clusters too faint for 2MAst. We found that our sample is complete in the 2nd quadrant up to a distance of 2 kpc, where the average surface density is 94 clusters per kpc$^{2}$. Compared with literature values we found good agreement in spatial and kinematic data, as well as for optical distances and reddening. Small, but systematic offsets were detected in the age determination.Comment: published in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 10 pages, 7 figures (plus 3 pages of appendices incl. 2 more figures), catalogues will be available at the CDS, all the machine-readable online data described in appendices A, B, and C are also available at: http://www.aip.de/People/rdscholz/kharchenko_etal_2012

Psychophysical Training of Young People for Homeland Defence Using Means of Physical Culture and Sports

The research prominence lies in an increasing interest of the state in patriotic education and physical training of young people for homeland defenсe. There is an urgent today to reconstruct the ethnic model of patriotic education and its component, in particular military-and-patriotic education, identify the means of physical culture and sports (physical exercise; natural, artificial and hygienic factors) and justify their use under reforms in education following the needs and demands of the individual and the society in Ukraine. The research aims to theoretically justify and experimentally verify the effectiveness of military-and-patriotic education of young people using physical culture and sports based on ethnopedagogy, following neuropedagogical criteria of their psychophysical readiness for homeland defenсe. The authors of the research offer to introduce the specialized course on martial arts of Ukraine, which refers to the worldview and mindset of Ukrainians underlying the Ukrainian military (combat) culture, as well as strengthening and enhancement of neuropsychological properties and symptom complexes of character. The control group pupils (25) were taught based on the traditional system (they acquired and improved their knowledge, abilities and skills in preliminary military training). The experimental group pupils (25) purposefully studied the specialized course on the martial arts of Ukraine. Such methods as surveys, questionnaires, tests, interviews and observations were used to conduct neuropsychological diagnostics of young people’s readiness for homeland defenсe. In EG, the number of the respondents with a high level of psychophysical readiness for homeland defenсe has increased by 10.3%; the number of the respondents with an average level of psychophysical readiness for homeland defenсe has increased only by 2.2%; the number of the respondents with a low level of psychophysical readiness for homeland defenсe has decreased by 12.5%. Modern military-and-patriotic education of young people can be considered effective if the pedagogical model of military-and patriotic education using physical culture and sports and taking into account neuropsychological and neuropedagogical factors is integrated into the modern system of national education.</p

Determining the Age of Young Embedded Clusters

A new Monte Carlo method has been developed in order to derive ages of young embedded clusters within massive star forming regions where there is strong differential reddening. After foreground and infrared excess source candidates are removed, each cluster candidate star is individually dereddened. Simulated clusters are constructed using isochrones, an IMF, realistic photometric errors, simulated background field populations and extinction distributions. These synthetic clusters are then dereddened in the same way as the real data, obtained from a deep near infrared survey, and used to derive the ages of 3 embedded clusters. Results were found to be consistent with those determined using spectrophotometric methods. This new method provides way to determine the ages of embedded clusters when only photometric data are available and there is strong differential reddening.Comment: Accepted by MNRAS 27/07/1

Effect of Plasma, RF, and RIE Treatments on Properties of Double-Sided High Voltage Solar Cells with Vertically Aligned p-n Junctions

Si-based solar cells with vertically aligned p-n junctions operating at high voltage were designed and fabricated. The plasma treatments and antireflection coating deposition on the working surfaces of both single- and multijunction cells were made using the special holders. It was shown that additional treatment of solar cells in argon plasma prior to hydrogen plasma treatment and deposition of diamond-like carbon antireflection films led to the improvement of the cell efficiency by up to 60%. Radio frequency waves support plasma generation and improve photoelectric conversion mainly due to reduction of internal stresses at the interfaces. Application of reactive ion etching technique removes the broken layer, reduces elastic strain in the wafer, decreases recombination of charge carriers in the bulk, and provides cell efficiency increase by up to ten times

Dissecting the Transcriptional Regulatory Properties of Human Chromosome 16 Highly Conserved Non-Coding Regions

Non-coding DNA conservation across species has been often used as a predictor for transcriptional enhancer activity. However, only a few systematic analyses of the function of these highly conserved non-coding regions (HCNRs) have been performed. Here we use zebrafish transgenic assays to perform a systematic study of 113 HCNRs from human chromosome 16. By comparing transient and stable transgenesis, we show that the first method is highly inefficient, leading to 40% of false positives and 20% of false negatives. When analyzed in stable transgenic lines, a great majority of HCNRs were active in the central nervous system, although some of them drove expression in other organs such as the eye and the excretory system. Finally, by testing a fraction of the HCNRs lacking enhancer activity for in vivo insulator activity, we find that 20% of them may contain enhancer-blocking function. Altogether our data indicate that HCNRs may contain different types of cis-regulatory activity, including enhancer, insulators as well as other not yet discovered functions

Discovering Transcription Factor Binding Sites in Highly Repetitive Regions of Genomes with Multi-Read Analysis of ChIP-Seq Data

Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) is rapidly replacing chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with genome-wide tiling array analysis (ChIP-chip) as the preferred approach for mapping transcription-factor binding sites and chromatin modifications. The state of the art for analyzing ChIP-seq data relies on using only reads that map uniquely to a relevant reference genome (uni-reads). This can lead to the omission of up to 30% of alignable reads. We describe a general approach for utilizing reads that map to multiple locations on the reference genome (multi-reads). Our approach is based on allocating multi-reads as fractional counts using a weighted alignment scheme. Using human STAT1 and mouse GATA1 ChIP-seq datasets, we illustrate that incorporation of multi-reads significantly increases sequencing depths, leads to detection of novel peaks that are not otherwise identifiable with uni-reads, and improves detection of peaks in mappable regions. We investigate various genome-wide characteristics of peaks detected only by utilization of multi-reads via computational experiments. Overall, peaks from multi-read analysis have similar characteristics to peaks that are identified by uni-reads except that the majority of them reside in segmental duplications. We further validate a number of GATA1 multi-read only peaks by independent quantitative real-time ChIP analysis and identify novel target genes of GATA1. These computational and experimental results establish that multi-reads can be of critical importance for studying transcription factor binding in highly repetitive regions of genomes with ChIP-seq experiments

Star clusters near and far; tracing star formation across cosmic time

© 2020 Springer-Verlag. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00690-x.Star clusters are fundamental units of stellar feedback and unique tracers of their host galactic properties. In this review, we will first focus on their constituents, i.e.\ detailed insight into their stellar populations and their surrounding ionised, warm, neutral, and molecular gas. We, then, move beyond the Local Group to review star cluster populations at various evolutionary stages, and in diverse galactic environmental conditions accessible in the local Universe. At high redshift, where conditions for cluster formation and evolution are more extreme, we are only able to observe the integrated light of a handful of objects that we believe will become globular clusters. We therefore discuss how numerical and analytical methods, informed by the observed properties of cluster populations in the local Universe, are used to develop sophisticated simulations potentially capable of disentangling the genetic map of galaxy formation and assembly that is carried by globular cluster populations.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Genetic fine mapping and genomic annotation defines causal mechanisms at type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci.

We performed fine mapping of 39 established type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci in 27,206 cases and 57,574 controls of European ancestry. We identified 49 distinct association signals at these loci, including five mapping in or near KCNQ1. 'Credible sets' of the variants most likely to drive each distinct signal mapped predominantly to noncoding sequence, implying that association with T2D is mediated through gene regulation. Credible set variants were enriched for overlap with FOXA2 chromatin immunoprecipitation binding sites in human islet and liver cells, including at MTNR1B, where fine mapping implicated rs10830963 as driving T2D association. We confirmed that the T2D risk allele for this SNP increases FOXA2-bound enhancer activity in islet- and liver-derived cells. We observed allele-specific differences in NEUROD1 binding in islet-derived cells, consistent with evidence that the T2D risk allele increases islet MTNR1B expression. Our study demonstrates how integration of genetic and genomic information can define molecular mechanisms through which variants underlying association signals exert their effects on disease

Метод вибору оптимальної тривалості префіксу OFDM символів в супутникових каналах зв'язку аеронавігаційної системи

To study the method of selecting the optimal duration of the prefix OFDM-symbols in satellite communication channels, the original model of the communication line "Aircraft satellite-ground station" was built. The adaptive modulation model consists of an information source, an aircraft transmitter, an uplink / downlink, a satellite transponder, and a ground station receiver. OFDM technology for combating the effects of multipath is considered. The method of combating intersymbol interference based on the use of OFDM technology has been improved.Для исследования метода выбора оптимальной продолжительности префикса OFDM-символов в спутниковых каналах связи была построена оригинальная модель линии связи «Самолет-спутник-наземная станция» с помощью программного обеспечения MATLAB Simulink. Модель с адаптивной модуляцией состоит из источника информации, летательного передатчика, восходящей / нисходящей линии связи, спутникового транспондера и приемника наземной станции. Рассмотрена технология OFDM для борьбы с последствиями многолучевости. Усовершенствован метод борьбы с Межсимвольные интерференцией на основе использования технологии OFDM.Для дослідження методу вибору оптимальної тривалості префіксу OFDM-символів в супутникових каналах зв’язку була побудована оригінальна модель лінії зв'язку «Літак-супутник-наземна станція» за допомогою програмного забезпечення MATLAB Sіmulіnk. Модель з адаптивною модуляцією складається з джерела інформації, літального передавача, висхідної / низхідної лінії зв'язку, супутникового транспондера та приймача наземної станції. Розглянуто технологію OFDM для боротьби із наслідками багатопроменевості. Удосконалено метод боротьби із міжсимвольною інтерференцією на основі використання технології OFDM