Clickbait as a strategy of viral journalism: conceptualisation and methods

Producción CientíficaIntroducción. El artículo aborda el clickbait, una estrategia del periodismo viral que busca provocar que los usuarios accedan al vínculo de una página mediante una selección noticiosa y estrategias de redacción que funcionan como cebo. La investigación aporta una definición más completa que las registradas hasta ahora, así como una caracterización de las variables asociadas al fenómeno. Metodología. En su fase empírica, recurre al análisis de contenido para comprobar la presencia de clickbait en 2.266 mensajes emitidos en Facebook y Twitter por El País y El Mundo. Resultados. La investigación detecta una alta presencia de contenidos clickbait en ambos medios (41,6% de media), así como una prevalencia de técnicas como: información incompleta, preeminencia de soft news, repetición y serialización o utilización de hipérboles. Discusión. La escasez de investigaciones sobre clickbait exige intensificar el análisis de su evolución y vigilar las consecuencias que tiene en la calidad de la información que circula en redes sociales.Introduction. This article addresses clickbait as a strategy of viral journalism that seeks to lure users into clicking on a link to a page through tactics such as sensationalist stories and eye-catching headlines that work as bait. This research aims to provide a more complete definition of this phenomenon, as well as a characterisation of the variables associated with it. Methods. In its empirical phase, the study resorts to content analysis to check for the presence of clickbait strategies in 2,266 news stories posted on Facebook and Twitter by El País and El Mundo. Results. The research detected a high presence of clickbait content in both newspapers (41.6% on average), as well as the prevalence of techniques such as: incomplete information, pre-eminence of soft news, repetition and serialisation, and use of hyperboles. Discussion. The scarcity of research on clickbait requires the intensification of the analysis of its evolution and the monitoring of its consequences on the quality of the news circulating on social networks.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Proyecto CSO2017-84472-R

Safety of Nanoclay/Spring Water Hydrogels: Assessment and Mobility of Hazardous Elements

The presence of impurities in medicinal products have to be controlled within safety limits from a pharmaceutical quality perspective. This matter is of special significance for those countries and regions where the directives, guidelines, or legislations, which prescribe the rules for the application of some products is quite selective or incomplete. Clay-based hydrogels are quite an example of this matter since they are topically administered, but, in some regions, they are not subjected to well-defined legal regulations. Since hydrogels establish an intimate contact with the skin, hazardous elements present in the ingredients could potentially be bioavailable and compromise their safety. The elemental composition and mobility of elements present in two hydrogels have been assessed. Sepiolite, palygorskite, and natural spring water were used as ingredients. The release of a particular element mainly depends on its position in the structure of the hydrogels, not only on its concentration in each ingredient. As a general trend, elements’ mobility reduced with time. Among the most dangerous elements, whose presence in cosmetics is strictly forbidden by European legal regulations, As and Cd were mobile, although in very low amounts (0.1 and 0.2 g/100 g of hydrogel, respectively). That is, assuming 100% bioavailability, the studied hydrogels would be completely safe at normal doses. Although there is no su cient evidence to confirm that their presence is detrimental to hydrogels safety, legally speaking, their mobility could hinder the authorization of these hydrogels as medicines or cosmetics. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that hydrogels prepared with sepiolite, palygorskite, and Alicún spring water could be topically applied without major intoxication risks.Instituto de Salud Carlos III Spanish Government CGL2016-80833-RJunta de Andalucía P18-RT-3786Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte FPU15/0157

Multimedia platform for the efficient management of water and the use of hydric resources from a multidisciplinary point of view in engineering degrees

En este proyecto de innovación docente se ha realizado una red social sobre la gestión eficiente del agua involucrando a diferentes asignaturas de los grados en ingeniería Mecánica, Eléctrica, Electrónica Industrial, Agroalimentaria y del Medio Rural e Ingeniería Civil. En este entorno virtual se ha creado un laboratorio virtual sobre comportamiento de un canal hidrodinámico. Esta aplicación representa una alternativa barata y eficiente, donde el estudiante simula los fenómenos a estudiar como si los observase en un laboratorio tradicional. Por lo tanto, es una herramienta de autoaprendizaje, donde el alumno puede alterar las variables de entrada, configurar nuevos experimentos, aprender el manejo de instrumentos y personalizarlos. Además, la simulación en el laboratorio virtual ha permitido obtener una visión más intuitiva de aquellos fenómenos que en su realización manual no aportan suficiente claridad gráfica. Finalmente, se ha realizado un debate sobre tema de actualidad de los recursos hídricos que ha tenido una muy buena valoración por parte del alumnado.In this teaching innovation project, a social network about the efficient management of water has been carried out, involving different subjects of the degrees in Mechanical, Electrical, Electronic, Agrofood, Rural and Civil Engineering. In this virtual environment, a virtual laboratory (VL) of hydrodynamic channel behavior has been created. This application represents an economical and efficient alternative, where the student simulates the processes to be studied as if they were observed in a traditional laboratory. Therefore, VL represents a self-learning tool, where the student can alter the input variables, configure new experiments, learn how to use instruments and customize them. In addition, the simulation in the virtual laboratory has allowed to obtain a more intuitive vision of those phenomena that in their manual realization do not provide enough graphic clarity. Finally, an academic debate has been carried out about current topic of water resources that received an excellent evaluation by students

OPENCRONIC Study. Knowledge and experiences of Spanish patients and carers about chronic disease

Background: Chronic diseases are currently the main cause of morbidity and mortality and represent a major challenge to healthcare systems. The objective of this study is to know Spanish public opinion about chronic disease and how it affects their daily lives. Methods: Through a telephone or online survey of 24 questions, data was gathered on the characteristics of the respondents and their knowledge and experiences of chronic diseases. Results: Of the 2522 survey respondents, 325 had a chronic disease and were carers, 1088 had a chronic disease and were not carers, 140 did not have a chronic disease but were carers, and 969 did not have chronic disease and were not carers. The degree of knowledge on these diseases was good or very good for 69.4%, 56.0%, 62.2%, and 46.7%, respectively, for each group. All the groups agreed that chronic diseases mainly affect mood, quality of life and having to make sacrifices. Conclusions: Knowledge about chronic diseases is relatively good, although it can be improved among the Spanish population, especially among patients who report having a chronic disease and play the role of carers. However, it is important to continue maintaining the level of information and training concerning these diseases.Boehringer Ingelheim España, S.

Sevoflurane Sedation Protocol in Children with Cerebral Palsy Undergoing BotulinumToxin-A Injections

Objetivo: Describir nuestra experiencia con un protocolo basado en el uso de sevoflurano para la sedación y analgesia durante la infiltración de Toxina Botulínica tipo A (BoNT-A) en niños con parálisis cerebral (PC), especialmente en términos de seguridad y efectividad. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de pacientes con PC a los que se realizó infiltración con BoNT-A bajo sedación con sevoflurano desde noviembre de 2012 hasta diciembre de 2019. Se revisaron las características demográficas, las características clínicas y funcionales, la efectividad de la sedación, los eventos adversos (EA) y la satisfacción del profesional. Resultados: se realizaron 387 sedaciones en 74 pacientes diagnosticados de PC. La sedación efectiva se logró en el 100% de los procedimientos, facilitando la colaboración durante la infiltración y la satisfacción del profesional. Se notificaron EA en el 6,02% de los procedimientos, siendo las más frecuentes las náuseas y los vómitos (3,88%) y la hipoxemia transitoria (2,07%). No se informaron EA graves. No se encontró asociación entre la incidencia de EA y las variables clínicas, funcionales o el riesgo antes de la anestesia. Conclusiones: La sedación con sevoflurano muestra resultados prometedores en términos de seguridad y efectividad para el manejo de la agitación y el dolor durante la infiltración de BoNT-A en nuestra práctica clínica diaria. Además, puede facilitar la infiltración, permitir la exploración bajo sedación e infiltración multinivel con buena tolerancia.Objective: This study aimed to describe our experience with a protocol based on sevoflurane sedation to control pain and agitation during botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) infiltration in children with cerebral palsy (CP), especially in terms of safety and efficacy. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients diagnosed with CP who underwent BoNT-A infiltration with sevoflurane sedation from November 2012 to December 2019. Demographic, clinical and functional characteristics, the effectiveness of sedation, adverse events (AE) and professional satisfaction were reviewed. Results: A total of 387 sedations were successfully performed in 74 patients. Effective sedation was achieved in 100% of procedures, facilitating collaboration during infiltration and improving professional satisfaction. AE were reported in 6.02% of the procedures, the most frequent being nausea and vomiting (3.88%) and transient hypoxemia (2.07%). There were no severe AE. No association was found between the incidence of AE and the clinical and functional variables or risk before anaesthesia. Conclusion: Sevoflurane sedation shows promising results in terms of safety and effectiveness for the management of agitation and pain during BoNT-A infiltration in our daily clinical practice. In addition, it can facilitate infiltration, allowing examination under sedation and multilevel infiltration with good tolerance

Effects of challenge dose and inoculation route of the virulent Neospora caninum Nc-Spain7 isolate in pregnant cattle at mid-gestation

International audienceAbstractParameters such as pathogen dose and inoculation route are paramount in animal models when studying disease pathogenesis. Here, clinical findings, including foetal mortality, parasite transmission rates and lesion severity, and immune responses were evaluated in Asturiana pregnant heifers at day 110 of gestation challenged with a virulent (Nc-Spain7) Neospora caninum isolate. Four different doses of parasite tachyzoites were inoculated intravenously (IV1, 107 parasites, n = 6; IV2, 105, n = 6; IV3, 103, n = 6; and IV4, 102, n = 5), and the subcutaneous (SC) inoculation route was also assessed for the dose of 105 tachyzoites (SC, n = 6). In addition, a control group (n = 4 pregnant heifers) was evaluated. Foetal death was observed in all infected groups from 25 to 62 days post-infection, varying with the dose (IV1:4/6, IV2:3/6; IV4:2/5, IV3:1/6), and was three times less frequently associated with the SC route than IV inoculation (1/6 vs. 3/6). A dose-dependent effect for parasite loads in placental and foetal brain tissues was also detected. After SC challenge, a reduced number of tachyzoites were able to reach foetal brain tissues, and no lesions were observed. In calves, specific IgG responses in precolostral sera were mainly associated with high-dose groups (IV1 [100.0%] and IV2 [66.7%]), and cerebral parasite DNA detection was scarce (3/18). In dams, IFN-γ production and the dynamics of anti-N. caninum IgG antibodies varied with the dose, and the cell-mediated immune response was also found to be route-dependent. Our results confirm the influence of parasite dose and inoculation route on the outcome and dynamics of bovine neosporosis at mid-gestation

Assessing the internal uppermost crustal structure of the central pyrenees by gravity-constrained cross sections

The Pyrenees constitutes an exceptional example of an Alpine orogenic belt characterized by basement thrust sheets involving Paleozoic rocks and Mesozoic and Cenozoic cover units detached on the Triassic evaporites, the main décollement level. This work is located in the Central Pyrenees, where gravity data help to better constrain the internal architecture of the upper crust of the southern half of the Axial Zone and the northern part of the South Pyrenean Zone, a key area to understand the orogenic evolution of the chain. Previous and new gravity, petrophysical and geological data have been used to obtain the Bouguer and residual anomaly maps of the study area and six serial gravity-constrained cross sections perpendicular to the main structural trend. The residual anomaly map shows a good correlation between basement units involved in thrust sheets of the study area and gravity highs whereas negative anomalies are interpreted to correspond with Mesozoic/Cenozoic basins, Triassic evaporites, Late Variscan igneous bodies, and Ordovician gneisses. The six gravity-constrained cross sections highlight strong along-strike variations on the gravity signal due to lateral differences of the superficial and subsurface occurrence of Triassic evaporites, different geometry at depth of the Late Variscan igneous bodies outcropping in the study area, and geometric lateral variations of the basement thrust sheets and their relationship with the Mesozoic-Cenozoic units.This work was funded by projects CGL2017-84901-C2-2-P funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, PID2020-114273GB-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and "Severo Ochoa” extraordinary grants for excellence IGME-CSIC (AECEX2021).Peer reviewe

Situation of Occupational and Environmental Health in Mexico

Background: Mexico has a great diversity and richness of natural resources, but evaluations of the quality of life of Mexicans show the deep inequalities and the gap between rich and poor. While 5% of families concentrate 58% of the wealth, the health spending in environment and health is 0.2 and 2.7 of the GDP respectively. This has repercussions both on the gradual deterioration of the environment and on the insufficient health and social security coverage of the working population. Objective: To describe the current situation of occupational and environmental health in Mexico. Methods: A bibliographic review was performed on the socioeconomic, demographic, environmental, legal and health status of the Economically Active Population (EAP). Findings: There is a constant deterioration of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, accompanied by an increase in environmental pollution in large cities. The unemployment rate of the EAP has decreased in one year to 3.4%, but the informal labor rate reached 57.3%, which translates into population without social security. Compliance with legislation for the protection of workers’ health is insufficient. The recent amendments to the law have meant a setback in these respects. The reported information on accidents and occupational diseases corresponds to only 34% of workers. There has been a decrease in the rate of work accidents in the last six years, but an increase in diseases and permanent disabilities. During 2016, the first cause of occupational illness was hearing loss, but the profile was dominated by musculoskeletal diseases, which together reached 36.5%. Conclusions: To improve the occupational and environmental health situation, it is necessary to implement general and particular measures against inequalities, increase the budget in health and environment, enforce legislation and expand social security coverage to the population. These measures should be part of public policies as well as actions of academics and researchers

Un paso más en la configuración de un diseño para la formación inicial del profesorado de secundaria: Informe de evaluación de la 3ªedición del curso de experto "Especialización en Educación Secundaria -nivel I-"

Informe de evaluación de la 3a edición del Curso de Experto ”Especialización en Educación Secundaria -Nivel I-"173 págs

Conductas violentas según género y ocio de pantalla en escolares de la provincia de Granada

Aggressive behaviors in schoolchildren represent a phenomenon that generates great concern, because it is in childhood that many aspects of personality begin. Also, multiple studies have shown how these types of behaviors can relate to various factors, such as peer groups, family environment or specific leisure habits. This descriptive and cross - sectional study aims to study the violent behavior of a sample of 530 schoolchildren in the province of Granada, as well as to relate these behaviors to the gender and the leisure time of participants’ screen. An Ad Hoc questionnaire and the Violent Behavior Scale in the School (Little et al., 2003) are used as main instruments. The results reveal higher levels of Manifest of pure and reactive type for the male gender, which could be due to higher levels of impulsivity associated with hormonal factors and sociocultural components. Likewise, a proportional relation between television hours and violent behaviors is obtained, increasing the average values in Manifest and Relational Aggressiveness by increasing the levels of screen leisure; Which demonstrates the negative influence exerted by the abusive use of television in this problematic.Los comportamientos agresivos en escolares representan un fenómeno que genera gran preocupación, pues es en la niñez donde se inician muchos aspectos de la personalidad. Asimismo, múltiples estudios han demostrado como este tipo de conductas pueden relacionares con diversos factores, como son los grupos de pares, el entorno familiar o hábitos de ocio concretos. Este estudio de tipo descriptivo y corte transversal, pretende estudiar las conductas violentas de una muestra de 530 escolares de la provincia de Granada, así como relacionar estos comportamientos con el género y las horas de ocio de pantalla de los participantes. Se utilizan como principales instrumentos un cuestionario Ad Hoc y la Escala de Conductas Violentas en la Escuela (Little, Henrich, Jones y Hawley 2003). Los resultados revelan niveles superiores de Agresividad Manifiesta de tipo puro y reactivo para el género masculino, lo que podría deberse a mayores niveles de impulsividad asociados a factores hormonales y componentes de tipo sociocultural. Asimismo, se obtiene una relación proporcional entre las horas de televisión y las conductas violentas, aumentando los valores medios en Agresividad Manifiesta y Relacional al aumentar los niveles de ocio de pantalla; lo que demuestra la influencia negativa que ejerce el uso abusivo de televisión en esta problemática