Prevalence of sleeping disorders in college students

Introducción: El sueño es fundamental para alcanzar un óptimo funcionamiento tanto físico como mental. En estudiantes universitarios, los problemas relacionados con el sueño repercuten sobre la actividad diurna, pudiendo incluso afectar a su rendimiento académico. Los objetivos de nuestro estudio son analizar la prevalencia de insomnio en una población universitaria y los posibles factores asociados a dicho insomnio. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal, con una muestra de 196 estudiantes universitarios, fundamentalmente de la Universidad de Granada. Como instrumento de medida se utilizó la Escala Atenas de Insomnio (EAI) constituida por 8 ítems, considerando como insomnes aquellos sujetos que alcanzaban una puntuación igual o superior a 8, oscilando el rango entre 0 y 24. Resultados: La prevalencia de insomnio en la muestra fue de un 18,4% (IC 95% 12,90%-23,84%). Se pudo demostrar la asociación inversa entre el nivel de actividad física y el insomnio, de manera que cuando aumenta el nivel de actividad física disminuye la prevalencia de insomnio. Conclusión: Los problemas de sueño en la población estudiada se encuentran relacionados con la duración total del mismo y no tanto con la calidad, traduciéndose esto en una somnolencia diurna que conlleva una afectación del bienestar. Los resultados sugieren que la prevalencia de insomnio puede estar relacionada con otros hábitos de vida.Introduction: Sleeping is essential for optimal physical and mental functioning. In college students, the problems related to sleeping impact on daily activity can even affect their academic performance. The aims of our study were to analyze the prevalence of insomnia in a university population and the possible factors associated with this insomnia. Methods: It’s a cross-sectional study with a sample of 196 college students, mainly from the University of Granada. As a measuring instrument we used the Athens Insomnia Scale (EAI) consisting of 8 items, considering insomniac subjects who achieved a score equal to or greater than 8, varying the range between 0 and 24. Results: The prevalence of insomnia in the sample was 18.4% (95% CI 12.90% -23.84%). Inverse association between physical activity level and insomnia could be demonstrated. Conclusion: Sleeping problems in this population are related to the total duration and not so much the quality, translating this into a daytime sleepiness that entails a welfare involvement. The results suggest that the prevalence of insomnia may be related to other lifestyle habits

Variations in Author Gender in Obstetrics Disease Prevalence Literature: A Systematic Review

This systematic review aims to evaluate gender differences in authorship of prevalence literature concerning intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM studies were matched for publication year and study country as a genderneutral obstetric disease with similar morbidity to IPV. Relevant studies were captured without language restrictions via online searches of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from database inception to January 2022. Proportion of female authors and gender of the first and corresponding author were outcome measures. Multivariable regression models were built to examine if female authors featured more or less often in IPV during pregnancy and GDM literature adjusting by the influence of type of study, country’s human development index (HDI), year of publication and journal’s impact factor. 137 IPV-GDM studies pairs were included. Female authors in IPV studies were slightly lower than in GDM [59.7%, 95% CI 54.7–64.7, vs. 54.9%, 95% CI 50.7–59.1, p = 0.204]. Studies published in high-income countries were more likely to be signed by a woman as first and corresponding author (Odds Ratio 2.22, 95% CI 1.20; 4.11, p = 0.011 and Odds Ratio 2.24, CI 1.22; 4.10, p = 0.009 respectively) and proportion of women as corresponding authors decreased as the journal impact factor increased ( = 0.62, 95% CI 0.37, 1.05, p = 0.075). There is a gender gap in the field of prevalence research in IPV during pregnancy with variations according to the level of development. International programs aimed at eradicating these inequalities are needed.Beatriz Galindo (senior modality) ProgramUniversities of the Spanish Government Junta de Andalucia RH-0069-202

Caffeine Intake throughout Pregnancy, and Factors Associated with Non-Compliance with Recommendations: A Cohort Study

Maternal caffeine consumption is associated with adverse gestational outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the intake of caffeine and factors associated with the non-adherence to caffeine intake recommendations in a cohort of 463 women before (T0) and in each trimester of gestation (T1, T2, and T3), by using validated questionnaires. Caffeine intake (median (mg/day), IQR) was 100.0 (181.1) at T0, 9.42 (66.2) at T1, 12.5 (65.6) at T2, and 14.0 (61.1) at T3 (p < 0.001). Non-compliance prevalence (intake > 200 mg/day) was 6.2% at T1, 4.2% at T2, and 2.7% at T3. Not being an active smoker at T1 (OR = 0.17; 95% CI 0.05–0.59) and T2 (OR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.09–0.52), adherence to the Mediterranean Diet at T1 (OR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.28–0.88) and T2 (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.15–1.02), and moderate physical activity at T1 (OR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.28–0.88) were inversely associated with caffeine consumption. Although caffeine intake may be considered low, intake prevalence increases throughout pregnancy. Although the main source of caffeine during pregnancy is coffee, attention must be also paid to the increasingly intake of chocolate, of which the effect during pregnancy is controversial. Smoking, non-adherence to a good quality diet, and light physical activity are associated with a higher caffeine intake and a lower compliance with caffeine intake recommendations. Perinatal dietary and lifestyle educational policies are needed.(PROY-PP 2015-01) University of Granad

Body composition and sexual hormones for the glucose control of autoimmune diabetes in males: are they necessary to predict diabetes-related complications?

BackgroundGlucose control in diabetes is essential for avoiding diabetes-related complications.AimTo determine the impact of body composition and sexual hormones in glucose control and diabetes-related complications, in males with autoimmune diabetes.Patients and methodsThirty-nine patients with autoimmune diabetes and flash glucose monitoring were included. A morphofunctional nutritional evaluation with bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), abdominal adipose tissue ultrasound, rectus femoris ultrasound and biochemical parameters, was performedResultsStrong, positive correlations were observed between body composition parameters, biochemical variables and sexual hormones (p&lt;0.05). Adipose tissue measured by BIVA and ultrasound was more significantly associated with glucose control (including time in range &gt;70%, glucose variability &lt;36% determined by flash glucose monitoring; p&lt;0.05) and the presence of microvascular/macrovascular complications (p&lt;0.05) than lean mass. After adjusting by the duration of diabetes, BMI, abdominal circumference, fat mass and phase angle increased the risk for microvascular complications (OR 1.32(1.00 – 1.73), OR 1.06(1.00 – 1.12), OR 1.14(1.01 – 1.20), 0R 0.3(0.10 – 0.91) respectively; for macrovascular complications: BMI OR 1.38(1.04 – 1.84) and fat mass OR 1.26(1.00 – 1.58)]. Sexual hormone levels did not influence on glucose control or the development of diabetes-related complications.ConclusionAnthrpometric parameters, especially adipose tissue, were associated with glucose control and variability determined by flash glucose monitoring. Furthermore, changes in fat and lean mass were associated with the presence of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Thus, a comprehensive nutritional evaluation might be useful for the evaluation of males with autoimmune diabetes, in order to identify patients with increased risk of complications

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Modificación de los estilos de vida durante la gestación

Se ha diseñado un estudio longitudinal, con una entrevista por trimestre (la primera incluye una retrospectiva del periodo pregestacional) en una muestra de 463 gestantes sanas de cuatro provincias andaluzas. Se ha obtenido información sociodemográfica, obstétrica, antropométrica y de consumo de café y alcohol mediante cuestionario “ad hoc”. Se ha recogido información sobre los estilos de vida mediante cuestionarios validados: alimentación (PREDIMED), actividad física (IPAQ) y sueño (AIS). La información relativa al hábito tabáquico se ha recopilado de forma similar a la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENSE) 2011-2012. Además se ha obtenido información del consumo de tabaco y alcohol de la pareja.Tesis Univ. Granada

Long-term assessment of didanosine, lamivudine, and efavirenz in antiretroviral-naive patients: 3-year follow-up.

Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Multicenter Study;The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of didadosine (ddI), lamivudine (3TC), and efavirenz (EFV). This was a follow-up to the VESD study, a 12-month open-label, observational, multicenter study of adult patients with HIV infection who started antiretroviral treatment with the ddI-3TC-EFV once-daily regimen. Of the 167 patients originally included, 106 patients remained on the same triple therapy at the end of the study (1 year), and they were offered an extra 24 months of follow-up; 96 were enrolled in this study (VESD-2). Seventy patients out of the initial cohort were still on the same regimen at month 36, with 97% of them with plasma viral load <50 copies /ml. An intention-to-treat analysis showed that the percentage of patients with plasma viral load <50 copies/ml was 73% at 36 months. CD4 cell counts increased 344 cells/microl over the 36 months. Safety and tolerance were good with no unexpected long-term toxicity. After 3 years of treatment with ddI-3TC-EFV, more than 40% of the patients were still receiving the initial antiretroviral therapy with sustained, durable immunovirological benefit and good acceptance. Long-term toxicity and virological failure were low.Ye

Revista digital práctica docente

Se presenta experiencia educativa que propone la construcción de un mercadillo y la participación de la comunidad educativa para potenciar la educación en valores entre el alumnado. Se realiza en el CEIP Marín Ocete en Alfacar, Granada. El mercadillo está organizado por distintos talleres a modo de 'tiendas'. Las distintas tiendas son: de la solidaridad, de las tradiciones y costumbres, de la justicia, de la salud y del medio ambiente, de la alegría, de la amistad, del esfuerzo, del respeto y de la paz.AndalucíaES

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective