56 research outputs found
Evaluation of treatment response in adults with relapsing MOG-Ab-associated disease
Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Ab) are related to several acquired demyelinating syndromes in adults, but the therapeutic approach is currently unclear. We aimed to describe the response to different therapeutic strategies in adult patients with relapsing MOG-Ab-associated disease. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in France and Spain including 125 relapsing MOG-Ab patients aged â„ 18 years. First, we performed a survival analysis to investigate the relapse risk between treated and non-treated patients, performing a propensity score method based on the inverse probability of treatment weighting. Second, we assessed the annualised relapse rates (ARR), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and visual acuity pre-treatment and on/end-treatment. Results: Median age at onset was 34.1 years (range 18.0-67.1), the female to male ratio was 1.2:1, and 96% were Caucasian. At 5 years, 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.1-89.8) patients relapsed. At the last follow-up, 66 (52.8%) received maintenance therapy. Patients initiating immunosuppressants (azathioprine, mycophenolate mophetil [MMF], rituximab) were at lower risk of new relapse in comparison to non-treated patients (HR, 0.41; 95CI%, 0.20-0.82; p = 0.011). Mean ARR (standard deviation) was reduced from 1.05(1.20) to 0.43(0.79) with azathioprine (n = 11; p = 0.041), from 1.20(1.11) to 0.23(0.60) with MMF (n = 11; p = 0.033), and from 1.08(0.98) to 0.43(0.89) with rituximab (n = 26; p = 0.012). Other immunosuppressants (methotrexate/mitoxantrone/cyclophosphamide; n = 5), or multiple sclerosis disease-modifying drugs (MS-DMD; n = 9), were not associated with significantly reduced ARR. Higher rates of freedom of EDSS progression were observed with azathioprine, MMF or rituximab. Conclusion: In adults with relapsing MOG-Ab-associated disease, immunosuppressant therapy (azathioprine, MMF and rituximab) is associated with reduced risk of relapse and better disability outcomes. Such an effect was not found in the few patients treated with MS-DMD
Neurology
The question of the long-term safety of pregnancy is a major concern in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but its study is biased by reverse causation (women with higher disability are less likely to experience pregnancy). Using a causal inference approach, we aimed to estimate the unbiased long-term effects of pregnancy on disability and relapse risk in patients with MS and secondarily the short-term effects (during the perpartum and postpartum years) and delayed effects (occurring beyond 1 year after delivery). We conducted an observational cohort study with data from patients with MS followed in the Observatoire Français de la SclĂ©rose en Plaques registry between 1990 and 2020. We included female patients with MS aged 18-45 years at MS onset, clinically followed up for more than 2 years, and with â„3 Expanded Disease Status Scale (EDSS) measurements. Outcomes were the mean EDSS score at the end of follow-up and the annual probability of relapse during follow-up. Counterfactual outcomes were predicted using the longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimator in the entire study population. The patients exposed to at least 1 pregnancy during their follow-up were compared with the counterfactual situation in which, contrary to what was observed, they would not have been exposed to any pregnancy. Short-term and delayed effects were analyzed from the first pregnancy of early-exposed patients (who experienced it during their first 3 years of follow-up). We included 9,100 patients, with a median follow-up duration of 7.8 years, of whom 2,125 (23.4%) patients were exposed to at least 1 pregnancy. Pregnancy had no significant long-term causal effect on the mean EDSS score at 9 years (causal mean difference [95% CI] = 0.00 [-0.16 to 0.15]) or on the annual probability of relapse (causal risk ratio [95% CI] = 0.95 [0.93-1.38]). For the 1,253 early-exposed patients, pregnancy significantly decreased the probability of relapse during the perpartum year and significantly increased it during the postpartum year, but no significant delayed effect was found on the EDSS and relapse rate. Using a causal inference approach, we found no evidence of significantly deleterious or beneficial long-term effects of pregnancy on disability. The beneficial effects found in other studies were probably related to a reverse causation bias.Observatoire Français de la SclĂ©rose en Plaque
JAMA Neurol
Importance: Moderately effective therapies (METs) have been the main treatment in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) for years. Despite the expanding use of highly effective therapies (HETs), treatment strategies for POMS still lack consensus.Objective: To assess the real-world association of HET as an index treatment compared with MET with disease activity.Design, setting, and participants: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted from January 1, 2010, to December 8, 2022, until the last recorded visit. The median follow-up was 5.8 years. A total of 36 French MS centers participated in the Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP) cohort. Of the total participants in OFSEP, only treatment-naive children with relapsing-remitting POMS who received a first HET or MET before adulthood and at least 1 follow-up clinical visit were included in the study. All eligible participants were included in the study, and none declined to participate.Exposure: HET or MET at treatment initiation.Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome was the time to first relapse after treatment. Secondary outcomes were annualized relapse rate (ARR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity, time to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) progression, tertiary education attainment, and treatment safety/tolerability. An adapted statistical method was used to model the logarithm of event rate by penalized splines of time, allowing adjustment for effects of covariates that is sensitive to nonlinearity and interactions.Results: Of the 3841 children (5.2% of 74 367 total participants in OFSEP), 530 patients (mean [SD] age, 16.0 [1.8] years; 364 female [68.7%]) were included in the study. In study patients, both treatment strategies were associated with a reduced risk of first relapse within the first 2 years. HET dampened disease activity with a 54% reduction in first relapse risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.31-0.67; P < .001) sustained over 5 years, confirmed on MRI activity (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.34; 95% CI, 0.18-0.66; P = .001), and with a better tolerability pattern than MET. The risk of discontinuation at 2 years was 6 times higher with MET (HR, 5.97; 95% CI, 2.92-12.20). The primary reasons for treatment discontinuation were lack of efficacy and intolerance. Index treatment was not associated with EDSS progression or tertiary education attainment (adjusted OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.24-1.10; P = .09).Conclusions and relevance: Results of this cohort study suggest that compared with MET, initial HET in POMS was associated with a reduction in the risk of first relapse with an optimal outcome within the first 2 years and was associated with a lower rate of treatment switching and a better midterm tolerance in children. These findings suggest prioritizing initial HET in POMS, although long-term safety studies are needed.Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaque
Mortalité liée à la SEP et aux autres causes de décÚs chez les patients SEP [P29.32]
Special issue : JournĂ©es de Neurologie de Langue Française 2023International audienceIntroductionPour une maladie chronique Ă Ă©volution longue, telle que la sclĂ©rose en plaques (SEP), il est difficile de dĂ©terminer si la maladie est Ă la cause du dĂ©cĂšs.ObjectifsProposer une approche pour estimer la probabilitĂ© de dĂ©cĂšs par la SEP ainsi que la probabilitĂ© de dĂ©cĂšs par les autres causes sans recourir aux causes de dĂ©cĂšs.MĂ©thodesLâapproche proposĂ©e repose sur le concept de « mortalitĂ© en excĂšs », qui est obtenue en confrontant la mortalitĂ© « toutes causes » des patients SEP Ă la mortalitĂ© attendue en population gĂ©nĂ©rale. Les donnĂ©es proviennent de 18 centres experts participant Ă lâOFSEP. Les probabilitĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©es selon le phĂ©notype initial de la SEP (rĂ©mittent : R-MS, progressif : PPMS) pour les hommes et les femmes aprĂšs 30 ans de maladie.RĂ©sultatsLâanalyse portait sur 33 005 patients R-MS et 4519 PPMS (71 % de femmes au total, dĂ©cĂšs aprĂšs 30 ans de maladie R-MS : 1522 (4,6 %), PPMS : 635 (14,0 %)). La probabilitĂ© de dĂ©cĂ©der de la SEP variait de 7,5 Ă 24,0 % chez les R-MS selon le sexe et lâĂąge de dĂ©but, et de 25,4 Ă 36,8 % chez les PPMS. La probabilitĂ© de dĂ©cĂ©der dâautres causes variait de 2,8 Ă 42,8 % chez les deux phĂ©notypes, soulignant que les autres causes contribuent, elles aussi, de façon importante au risque de dĂ©cĂšs.DiscussionLâapproche proposĂ©e prĂ©sente un double avantage : dâune part, elle Ă©vite de recourir aux causes de dĂ©cĂšs contenus dans les certificats de dĂ©cĂšs, dont la qualitĂ© nâest pas toujours optimale ; dâautre part, elle est plus pertinente au plan conceptuel, car elle aide Ă dĂ©finir ce que dĂ©cĂ©der de la SEP signifie et Ă©vite dâavoir Ă dĂ©terminer pour chaque sujet si le dĂ©cĂšs est (directement ou indirectement) causĂ© par la maladie.ConclusionJusquâĂ prĂšs dâun quart des patients R-MS et un tiers des patients PPMS dĂ©cĂšdent de leur SEP dans les 30 ans aprĂšs son dĂ©but. La part des autres causes de dĂ©cĂšs rappelle lâimportance du management des autres pathologies non liĂ©es Ă la SEP, et le renforcement de la prĂ©vention
Comparaison des anti-CD20Â et du natalizumab chez des patients avec une SEP trĂšs active
International audienceIntroductionLors dâune persistance dâactivitĂ© rĂ©siduelle sous fingolimod (FNG) chez des patients SEP rĂ©current rĂ©mittent (RR), la stratĂ©gie thĂ©rapeutique actuelle est basĂ©e sur un switch vers le natalizumab (NTZ) ou les anti-CD20.ObjectifsEn utilisant une approche statistique innovante, notre objectif est de savoir si lâune ou lâautre des attitudes est prĂ©fĂ©rable sur le risque Ă©volutif de la maladie.Patients et mĂ©thodesA partir des donnĂ©es OFSEP, 740 SEP RR Ă©taient passĂ©s du FNG vers du NTZ (n = 403) ou anti-CD20 (n = 337) Ă partir du 1/1/2014. Le critĂšre principal Ă©tait la survenue dâune poussĂ©e dans les 24 mois. Les critĂšres secondaires Ă©taient la dĂ©gradation du score EDSS, de lâactivitĂ© IRM et lâarrĂȘt du traitement. La dynamique des taux dâĂ©vĂšnements en fonction du temps a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e en utilisant des splines pĂ©nalisĂ©es, permettant de modĂ©liser des effets flexibles sur les co-variables, prenant en compte la non-linĂ©aritĂ© et des interactions.RĂ©sultatsĂ lâinitiation, les patients avaient en moyenne 37,7 ± 9,9 ans avec un suivi mĂ©dian de 22,9 mois. Il nây avait pas de diffĂ©rence entre les deux traitements sur la survenue dâune poussĂ©e. La probabilitĂ© mensuelle dâune poussĂ©e Ă©tait de 5 % Ă lâinitiation et 1 % aprĂšs 6 mois. Pour les 2 groupes, le taux de dĂ©gradation de lâEDSS augmentait jusquâĂ 6 mois et diminuait progressivement ensuite. AprĂšs 18 mois de suivi, il y avait un risque plus Ă©levĂ© dâarrĂȘt du NTZ (HR = 1,59 [1,02â2,49] Ă 19 mois ; HR = 2,23 [1,15â4,35] Ă 24 mois).DiscussionLâutilisation de cette approche statistique originale a montrĂ© quâil nây avait pas de diffĂ©rences significatives entre NTZ et anti-CD20 en termes dâactivitĂ© clinique et radiologique, avec un effet optimal aprĂšs 6 mois de traitement et avec un taux augmentĂ© dâarrĂȘt du NTZ aprĂšs 18 mois, probablement due Ă la sĂ©roconversion au virus JC.ConclusionCette Ă©tude conforte la stratĂ©gie thĂ©rapeutique de switch vers lâune ou lâautre des molĂ©cules pour les patients SEP prĂ©sentant une activitĂ© rĂ©siduelle de la maladie sous FNG
Estimation of sample size in randomized controlled trials in multiple sclerosis studying annualized relapse rates: A systematic review
International audienceBackground: In multiple sclerosis (MS) studies, the most appropriate model for the distribution of the number of relapses was shown to be the negative binomial (NB) distribution. Objective: To determine whether the sample-size estimation (SSE) and the analysis of annualized relapse rates (ARRs) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were aligned and compare the SSE between normal and NB distributions. Methods: Systematic review of phase 3 and 4 RCTs for which the primary endpoint was ARR in relapsing remitting MS published since 2008 in pre-selected major medical journals. A PubMed search was performed on 30 November 2020. We checked whether the SSE and ARR analyses were congruent. We also performed standardized (fixed α/ÎČ, number of arms and overdispersion) SSEs using data collected from the studies. Results: Twenty articles (22 studies) were selected. NB distribution (or quasi-Poisson) was used for SSE in only 7/22 studies, whereas 21/22 used it for ARR analyses. SSE relying on NB regression necessitated a smaller sample size in 21/22 of our calculations. Conclusion: SSE was rarely performed using the most appropriate model. However, the use of an NB model is recommended to optimize the number of included patients and to be congruent with the final analysis
Effects of Age and Disease Duration on Excess Mortality in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis From a French Nationwide Cohort
International audienceObjective - To determine the effects of current age and disease duration on excess mortality in multiple sclerosis (MS), we describe the dynamics of excess death rates over these 2 time scales and study the effect of age at MS clinical onset on these dynamics, separately in each initial phenotype. Methods - We used data from 18 French MS expert centers participating in the Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques. Patients with MS living in metropolitan France and having a clinical onset between 1960 and 2014 were included. Vital status was updated on January 1, 2016. For each MS phenotype separately (relapsing onset [RMS] or primary progressive [PPMS]), we used an innovative statistical method to model the logarithm of excess death rates by a multidimensional penalized spline of age and disease duration. Results - Among 37,524 patients (71% women, mean age at MS onset ± SD 33.0 ± 10.6 years), 2,883 (7.7%) deaths were observed and 7.8% of patients were lost to follow-up. For patients with RMS, there was no excess mortality during the first 10 years after disease onset; afterwards, whatever the age at onset, excess death rates increased with current age. From current age 70, the excess death rate values converged and became identical whatever the age at disease onset, which means that disease duration had no more effect. Excess death rates were higher in men, with an excess hazard ratio of 1.46 (95% confidence interval 1.25-1.70). In contrast, in patients with PPMS, excess death rates rapidly increased from disease onset, and were associated with age at onset, but not with sex. Conclusions - In RMS, current age has a stronger effect on MS mortality than disease duration, while their respective effects are not clear in PPMS
Quelle utilisation des traitements de fond chez des patients ayant une SEP rĂ©mittente en France sur la pĂ©riode 1990â2017 ? ĂlĂ©ments de rĂ©ponse Ă partir des donnĂ©es de lâOfsep
International audienceIntroductionDepuis lâarrivĂ©e en 1996 des interfĂ©rons, lâarsenal thĂ©rapeutique Ă disposition des neurologues pour la prise en charge des patients avec une sclĂ©rose en plaques (SEP) rĂ©mittente a fortement changĂ©.ObjectifsDĂ©crire lâutilisation des traitements de fond chez les patients ayant une SEP rĂ©mittente en France entre 1990 et 2017 : quels traitements ? Ă quel moment ? Combien de temps ? Quels switchs ?MĂ©thodesTous les patients de la cohorte Ofsep, ayant une SEP rĂ©mittente, vivants au 1er janvier 1996 ont Ă©tĂ© inclus, soit au total 41 305 patients. Tous les traitements de fond, y compris utilisĂ©s hors AMM, ont Ă©tĂ© pris en compte, sans durĂ©e minimale. Seule la phase rĂ©mittente de la maladie a Ă©tĂ© considĂ©rĂ©e. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es globalement et sĂ©parĂ©ment dans les 4 pĂ©riodes suivantes :<1996, 1996â2007, 2007â2014,â„2014.RĂ©sultatsPlus des 2/3 des patients ont reçu au moins un traitement de fond au cours de leur suivi. Le premier traitement Ă©tait initiĂ© en moyenne Ă 35,9±10,4 ans, aprĂšs une durĂ©e moyenne de SEP de 5,0±6,2 ans. Chaque patient recevait en moyenne 2,2±1,5 traitements. Au fil du temps, les patients Ă©taient traitĂ©s de plus en plus et surtout plus tĂŽt dans lâhistoire de la maladie (dĂšs la premiĂšre annĂ©e).DiscussionCe travail menĂ© sur les donnĂ©es de lâObservatoire français de la SEP met en Ă©vidence les modifications de pratique, avec une dĂ©cision thĂ©rapeutique initiale qui survient de plus en plus tĂŽt au cours du temps, des patients traitĂ©s de plus en plus et des switchs survenant plus prĂ©cocement. Il montre aussi la place importante des nouveaux traitements dĂšs leur arrivĂ©e.ConclusionCette Ă©tude montre comment lâarrivĂ©e de nouvelles thĂ©rapeutiques au cours du temps associĂ©e Ă une meilleure connaissance de la maladie influence la pratique quotidienne des neurologues français.Informations complĂ©mentairesCe travail a bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© dâune aide de lâĂtat gĂ©rĂ©e par lâAgence nationale de la recherche au titre du programme Investissements dâAvenir portant la rĂ©fĂ©rence ANR-10-COHO-002 Observatoire français de la sclĂ©rose en plaques (Ofsep)
Ăvaluation des effets cumulĂ©s de traitement de fonds sur le risque de handicap chez les patients rĂ©currents-rĂ©mittents
International audienceIntroductionLâefficacitĂ© Ă long-terme des traitements de fonds reste une question clĂ© importante dans la sclĂ©rose en plaques.ObjectifsExplorer les associations entre le risque de handicap modĂ©rĂ© et lâexposition Ă lâensemble des traitements de fonds (TDF) chez les patients avec une sclĂ©rose en plaques rĂ©currente rĂ©mittente (SEP RR).Patients et mĂ©thodesĂ lâinclusion, 2117 SEP RR adultes avec une premiĂšre poussĂ©e (excluant le premier Ă©pisode dĂ©myĂ©linisant) entre 1996 et 2002 ont Ă©tĂ© inclus dans lâOFSEP. Tous les patients Ă©taient naĂŻfs de TDF Ă lâinclusion. Lâoutcome Ă©tait la survenue dâun DSS irrĂ©versible [3â5]. Lâassociation entre lâexposition aux TDF et lâoutcome a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e par un modĂšle dâexposition cumulĂ©e pondĂ©rĂ© tenant compte de lâhistoire passĂ©e des TDF dans un modĂšle de Cox en modĂ©lisant les effets cumulĂ©s comme une somme pondĂ©rĂ©e des expositions passĂ©es.RĂ©sultatsĂ lâinclusion les patients avaient en moyenne 33,1 ± 8,8 ans et 75,9 % Ă©tait des femmes. La durĂ©e mĂ©diane de suivi Ă©tait 14,9 ans (7,8â17,5). Les TDF administrĂ©s il y a plus de 5 ans par rapport au dernier suivi Ă©taient associĂ©s Ă un effet protecteur qui sâaccumulait au cours du temps. Une exposition ininterrompue depuis les 15 derniĂšres annĂ©es Ă©tait associĂ©e Ă une diminution du risque de DSS irrĂ©versible de 39 % comparĂ©e Ă une utilisation ininterrompue depuis les 5 derniĂšres annĂ©es seulement (HR = 0,61 IC 95 % [0,44â0,80]).DiscussionLâutilisation de ce modĂšle dâexposition pondĂ©rĂ©e a permis pour la premiĂšre fois dans la sclĂ©rose en plaques de prendre en compte Ă la fois la durĂ©e des TDF mais Ă©galement le moment de leur exposition en combinant ces effets dans un unique modĂšle. Lâutilisation des TDF a un impact bĂ©nĂ©fique Ă long-terme sur le handicap modĂ©rĂ© permanent des patients.ConclusionCette Ă©tude montre que lâutilisation prĂ©coce et Ă long-terme des TDF est associĂ©e Ă un impact cumulatif bĂ©nĂ©fique important au cours du temps sur la survenue dâun handicap modĂ©rĂ©
Cumulative effects of therapies on disability in relapsing multiple sclerosis
International audienceBACKGROUND: Long-term effectiveness of treatment remains a key question in multiple sclerosis (MS) and the cumulative effects of past treatment have not been investigated so far. OBJECTIVE: Explore the relationship between treatment exposure and disability risk in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS: A total of 2285 adult patients from the French nationwide cohort were included. Outcomes were irreversible EDSS4, and conversion to secondary progression of multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Associations between treatments and risk of disability were assessed using a novel weighted cumulative exposure model, assuming a 3-year lag to account for reverse causality. This flexible approach accounts for past exposure in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model by computing a weight function. RESULTS: At baseline, mean ± standard deviation age of patients was 33.4 ± 8.9âyears and 75.0% were women. A 15-year continuous treatment starting 20âyears ago was associated with a decrease in risk of 26% for irreversible EDSS4, and 34% for SPMS compared to a 5-year treatment starting 10âyears ago. The risk of disability decreased with increasing duration of exposure to disease-modifying treatment (DMT). CONCLUSION: Long-term use of treatments in RRMS has a stronger beneficial cumulative impact than only early uses and delays the occurrence of moderate disability and conversion to SPMS
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