Thermal characterization of electrically injected thin-film InGaAsP microdisk lasers on Si

Abstract—We have performed a numerical and experimental analysis of the thermal behavior of electrically injected microdisk lasers that are defined in an InGaAsP-based thin film bonded on top of a silicon wafer. Both the turn-on as well as the pulsed-regime temperature evolution in the lasing region was simulated using the finite-element method. The simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data, which was extracted from the broadening of the time-averaged emission spectra. Lasing at room temperature was only possible in pulsed regime due to the high thermal resistance (10 K/mW). Some strategies to decrease the thermal resistance of the microdisk lasers are proposed and discussed. Index Terms—Heterogeneous integration, InGaAsP, integrated optics, microdisk laser, Si, thermal characterization

A proposal for a comprehensive grading of Parkinson's disease severity combining motor and non-motor assessments: meeting an unmet need.

Non-motor symptoms are present in Parkinson's disease (PD) and a key determinant of quality of life. The Non-motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) is a validated scale that allows quantifying frequency and severity (burden) of NMS. We report a proposal for using NMSS scores to determine levels of NMS burden (NMSB) and to complete PD patient classification

Impact of COVID-19 on case reporting for HTLV and HIV-2 in Spain.

The medical demand imposed by COVID-19 has distracted proper care of other illnesses. Herein, we report the impact on new diagnoses of HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and HIV-2 in Spain, where these infections are mostly driven by immigration flows from endemic regions. As expected, case reporting declined for all three retroviral infections with respect to prior years. Furthermore, late presentations were more common. The two major reasons for these observations were significant declines in the arrival of foreigners from endemic regions and a shift in medical resources to prioritize COVID-19

Blockchains' federation: Developing Personal Health Trajectory-centered health systems

The current world is a globalized and connected one. Even without moving around, a person interacts with personnel from different institutions treating him as a patient in their daily life. Each of these institutions keeps their patients' data stored in their own information system, in an isolated way. Due to this, each patient has their data scattered among all these institutions and services with which she interacts along her life. This can complicate the take of the proper decision when the patient is under treatment. To solve this situation, new patient-centered health systems have been proposed as a replacement to the actual institution-centered ones, storing all health information of a patient into a unique global vision. However, some questions have arisen around the actual proposals, as who should store and maintain this vision of a given patient, and how should this information be made available for other systems. The proposal presented in this paper advocate for the achievement of a Personal Health Trajectory that can be useful both for patients and health professionals, using the concept of blockchains' federation. The proposal has been validated using 5689 records from 50 different institutions, belonging to 1156 actors

Spin-glass behavior in a three-dimensional antiferromagnet ordered phase: Magnetic structure of Co-2(OH)(PO4)

Co-2(OH)(PO4) has been prepared from hydrothermal synthesis and characterized from powder x-ray diffraction. The nuclear and magnetic structures have been determined by neutron (D2B and D1B) diffraction data. The structure consists of a three-dimensional framework in which Co(1)O-5-trigonal bipyramid dimers and Co(2)O-6-octahedra chains are simultaneously present. The EPR spectrum of Zn-2(OH)(PO4):0.1%Co at 4.2 K shows a strong anisotropy of the g factor. The values obtained for the g tensor and the hyperfine coupling constants for the octahedral symmetry were g(1)=5.890, g(2)=4.550, and g(3)=2.021 and A(1)=240x10(-4) cm(-1), A(2)=155x10(-4) cm(-1), and A(3)=85x10(-4) cm(-1). Signals corresponding to the five-coordinated Co(II) ions were also observed. Magnetization measurements show the presence of two maxima at circa 75 and 15 K, respectively. The first peak was attributed to a three-dimensional antiferromagnetic ordering and the second one reveals the existence of a spin-glass-like state. This state with a cooperative freezing was also confirmed by both ac susceptibility measurements and magnetic irreversibility observed in the zero-field-cooled-field-cooled signals. From low-temperature neutron-diffraction data, antiferromagnetic ordering is established with an ordering temperature of 71 K. The propagation vector of the magnetic structure is k=[0,0,0]. The magnetic moments at 1.7 K are ferromagnetically coupled between CoO6-octahedra chains and the Co2O10 dimers in the z direction. The values obtained for the magnetic moments are: 3.39(7)mu(B) [Co(1)] and 3.84(5)mu(B) [Co(2)]. The absence of any anomaly in both the specific heat and thermal evolution of the magnetic moments below similar to20 K confirms the blocking process of a spin glass behavior. The crystal-field splitting of the Co2+ ions causes a single ion anisotropy along the z (c-axis) direction, giving an Ising character in which the local spins from the Co(1) dimers are frozen. A magnetic frustration in the Co(1) magnetic moments is observed as due to the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions between Co(2) neighbor chains. It is to note the existence of a Co(1)-O(3)(PO3)-Co(2) superexchange angle with a value of 107degrees that involves ferromagnetic couplings between chain and dimer neighbors ferromagnetically coupled. This exchange pathway together with the anisotropy and frustration could be the responsible of the spin glass behavior observed in the three-dimensional antiferromagnetic Co-2(OH)(PO4) ordered phase.66

Cross Section Ratios between different CM energies at the LHC: opportunities for precision measurements and BSM sensitivity

The staged increase of the LHC beam energy provides a new class of interesting observables, namely ratios and double ratios of cross sections of various hard processes. The large degree of correlation of theoretical systematics in the cross section calculations at different energies leads to highly precise predictions for such ratios. We present in this letter few examples of such ratios, and discuss their possible implications, both in terms of opportunities for precision measurements and in terms of sensitivity to Beyond the Standard Model dynamics.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figure

Electrically pumped InP-based microdisk lasers integrated with a nanophotonic silicon-on-insulator waveguide circuit

Abstract: We have achieved electrically-injected continuous-wave lasing in InP-based microdisk structures coupled to a sub-micron silicon-on-insulator wire waveguide, fabricated through bonding technology. The threshold current was 0.6 mA with up to 7 µW continuous-wave output power. ©2007 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (140.5960) Semiconductor lasers; (250.5300) Photonic integrated circuits 1

200 mm wafer scale III-V/SOI technology for all-optical network-on-chip and signal processing

Integrated components, including microdisk lasers, photodetectors, and wavelength selective circuits, for optical network-on-chip and all-optical signal processing are presented using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible III-V/silicon-on-insulator integration technology at 200mm wafer scale

The human renal lymphatics under normal and pathological conditions

Ishikawa Y, Akasaka Y, Kiguchi H, Akishima-Fukasawa Y, Hasegawa T, Ito K, Kimura-Matsumoto M, Ishiguro S, Morita H, Sato S, Soh S & Ishii T (2006) Histopathology 49, 265–273 The human renal lymphatics under normal and pathological conditions AIMS: The renal lymphatics have not been fully documented in humans. The aim of this study was to clarify the morphology of the human renal lymphatic system under normal and pathological conditions by immunohistochemistry using anti-D2-40 antibody. METHODS AND RESULTS: Normal and pathological renal tissues obtained at autopsy as well as nephrectomy specimens with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were used. Thin sections were immunostained with antibodies against D2-40 and CD31. In normal kidney, D2-40+ lymphatics were abundant in the interstitium around the interlobar and arcuate arteries/veins but sporadic in those around the glomeruli or between the tubules in the cortex. A few lymphatics contained erythrocytes in their lumina. Lymphatics were seldom present in the medulla. In RCC cases, lymphatics were evident at the tumour margin, whereas CD31+ capillaries were abundant throughout the tumour and lymphatics were increased in the fibrous interstitium around the tumour. Lymphatic invasion by RCC cells was also detectable. D2-40+ lymphatics were evident in other pathological conditions and end-stage kidney had a denser lymphatic distribution than normal kidney. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphatics are abundant around the arteries/veins and are also present in the renal cortex and medulla. D2-40 immunostaining is helpful for investigating the pathophysiological role of renal lymphatics

In Vivo Assessment of Bone Regeneration in Alginate/Bone ECM Hydrogels with Incorporated Skeletal Stem Cells and Single Growth Factors.

The current study has investigated the use of decellularised, demineralised bone extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel constructs for in vivo tissue mineralisation and bone formation. Stro-1-enriched human bone marrow stromal cells were incorporated together with select growth factors including VEGF, TGF-β3, BMP-2, PTHrP and VitD3, to augment bone formation, and mixed with alginate for structural support. Growth factors were delivered through fast (non-osteogenic factors) and slow (osteogenic factors) release PLGA microparticles. Constructs of 5 mm length were implanted in vivo for 28 days within mice. Dense tissue assessed by micro-CT correlated with histologically assessed mineralised bone formation in all constructs. Exogenous growth factor addition did not enhance bone formation further compared to alginate/bone ECM (ALG/ECM) hydrogels alone. UV irradiation reduced bone formation through degradation of intrinsic growth factors within the bone ECM component and possibly also ECM cross-linking. BMP-2 and VitD3 rescued osteogenic induction. ALG/ECM hydrogels appeared highly osteoinductive and delivery of angiogenic or chondrogenic growth factors led to altered bone formation. All constructs demonstrated extensive host tissue invasion and vascularisation aiding integration and implant longevity. The proposed hydrogel system functioned without the need for growth factor incorporation or an exogenous inducible cell source. Optimal growth factor concentrations and spatiotemporal release profiles require further assessment, as the bone ECM component may suffer batch variability between donor materials. In summary, ALG/ECM hydrogels provide a versatile biomaterial scaffold for utilisation within regenerative medicine which may be tailored, ultimately, to form the tissue of choice through incorporation of select growth factors