67 research outputs found
Girardilainen kirjavaaka
Kolumni Girardin poetiikasta sellaisena kuin se nÀyttÀytyy teoksessa Mensonge romantique et la vérité romanesque (1961) eli Deceit, Desire, and the Novel (1966/1976
RecomendaciĂłn del ayuno preoperatorio en pacientes sanos
The current recommendations on preoperative fasting are the sum of efforts of different societies of anesthesiology and nutrition for more than 20 years, this with the purpose of knowing in depth the physiology of gastric emptying and thus being able to guide recommendations of previous time that can be ingested. the different types of foods such as clear liquids, breast/non-breast milk, light food and full meals, also demonstrates the advantages of putting them into practice as well as whether or not the use of different drugs is recommended in the preoperative period to help or accelerate emptying gastric in patients with scheduled surgeries.Las recomendaciones sobre ayuno preoperatorio actuales son la suma de esfuerzos de diferentes sociedades de anestesiologĂa y nutriciĂłn durante mĂĄs de 20 años, esto con la finalidad de conocer a fondo la fisiologĂa del vaciamiento gĂĄstrico y asĂ poder pautar recomendaciones de tiempo previo sobre que se pueden ingerir los distintos tipos de alimentos como lĂquidos claros, leche materna o no materna, comida ligera y comidas completas; tambiĂ©n demostrar las ventajas de ponerlas en prĂĄctica, al igual si es recomendado o no el uso de distintos fĂĄrmacos en el preoperatorio para ayudar o acelerar el vaciamiento gĂĄstrico en pacientes con cirugĂas programadas
Hexokinase 2 is a key mediator of aerobic glycolysis and promotes tumor growth in human glioblastoma multiforme
In glioblastoma multiforme, the most common adult primary brain tumor, the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 facilitates growth and therapeutic resistance
Testing the thrifty gene hypothesis: the Gly482Ser variant in PPARGC1A is associated with BMI in Tongans
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The thrifty gene hypothesis posits that, in populations that experienced periods of feast and famine, natural selection favoured individuals carrying thrifty alleles that promote the storage of fat and energy. Polynesians likely experienced long periods of cold stress and starvation during their settlement of the Pacific and today have high rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), possibly due to past positive selection for thrifty alleles. Alternatively, T2DM risk alleles may simply have drifted to high frequency in Polynesians. To identify thrifty alleles in Polynesians, we previously examined evidence of positive selection on T2DM-associated SNPs and identified a T2DM risk allele at unusually high frequency in Polynesians. We suggested that the risk allele of the Gly482Ser variant in the <it>PPARGC1A </it>gene was driven to high frequency in Polynesians by positive selection and therefore possibly represented a thrifty allele in the Pacific.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Here we examine whether <it>PPARGC1A </it>is a thrifty gene in Pacific populations by testing for an association between Gly482Ser genotypes and BMI in two Pacific populations (Maori and Tongans) and by evaluating the frequency of the risk allele of the Gly482Ser variant in a sample of worldwide populations.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We find that the Gly482Ser variant is associated with BMI in Tongans but not in Maori. In a sample of 58 populations worldwide, we also show that the 482Ser risk allele reaches its highest frequency in the Pacific.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The association between Gly482Ser genotypes and BMI in Tongans together with the worldwide frequency distribution of the Gly482Ser risk allele suggests that <it>PPARGC1A </it>remains a candidate thrifty gene in Pacific populations.</p
Idiootit
Kirjassaan Intimate Domain Martha Reineke (2014) kritisoi RenĂ© Girardia siitĂ€, ettĂ€ tĂ€mĂ€ jĂ€ttÀÀ mimeettisessĂ€ teoriassaan positiivisen mimesiksen kehittelyn puolitiehen. Paljon on puhetta konfliktuaalisesta mimeettisestĂ€ halusta, joka johtaa kilpailuun, erojen katoamiseen, uhrikriisiin ja vĂ€kivaltaan, joka nujerretaan syntipukkimekanismin keinoin â eli tarkemmin vĂ€kivaltaisesti (ks. Girard 1961; 1972)
Sylvia Plath kuoleman kÀsikirjoittajana
Artikkelissa tarkastellaan itsemurhan ja lapsenmurhan kysymyksiÀ amerikkalaisen kirjailijan Sylvia
Plathin (1932â1963) tuotannossa sekĂ€ kirjailijan elĂ€mÀÀn kohdistuvissa representaatioissa.
Analysoin Plathille omistetun nettifoorumin Sylvia Plath Forum kirjoituksia sekÀ erityisesti runon
âEdgeâ tulkintoja Plath-tutkimuksessa. Teoreettisena lĂ€htökohtana toimii RenĂ© Girardin mimeettisen
halun teoria. Plathin elÀmÀntarinan kohdalla mimeettisen halun tematiikan tekee relevantiksi
kolmiodraama, joka rakentui Plathin, hÀnen aviopuolisonsa kirjailija Ted Hughesin ja tÀmÀn rakastajattaren
Assia Wevillin vÀlille. Hughes toimi kolmiodraaman kÀrkenÀ, naisten jaetun halun
kohteena, mutta erÀissÀ elÀmÀkerroissa Plath nÀyttÀytyy Wevillin (mimeettisen) toiminnan ensisijaisena
motivaation lĂ€hteenĂ€. Plathin tapaan Wevillkin tappoi itsensĂ€ kaasulla â kuusi vuotta Plathin
jÀlkeen. Teko ei kuitenkaan ollut Plathin itsemurhan suora kopio, sillÀ Wevill vei mukanaan
kuolemaan myös nelivuotiaan lapsensa. Plathin ja Wevillin representaatioita vertailemalla totean,
ettÀ erityisesti Sylvia Plath Forumilla Wevill on monella tapaa Toinen nainen: hÀn edustaa normista
poikkeavaa naiseutta ja ÀitiyttÀ, kun taas lapsiaan tappavalta kaasulta suojellut ja miehelleen
uskollisena pysynyt Plath kuvataan hyvÀnÀ ja kunniallisena. Toisaalta foorumilla pohditaan, oliko
myös Plath harkinnut lastensa hengen riistĂ€mistĂ€. Runoa âEdgeâ onkin tulkittu kirjailijan fantasiana
tai jopa suunnitelmana.peerReviewe
Retoriikka ja merkityksenmuodostus osoitteessa www.sylviaplathforum.com
This study explores the writings of Sylvia Plath Forum, a discussion forum in the
Internet that was launched in 1998. Using Norman Faircloughâs critical discourse
analysis, ChaĂŻm Perelmanâs theory of argumentation, Kenneth Burkeâs idea of identification as the basis of rhetoric, and RenĂ© Girardsâs theory of mimetic desire as its
framework this study looks into the forumâs meaning-making processes and the
ways the author Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) and her readers are represented on the
forum. Attention is paid especially to meaning-making practices that are connected
with literary studies, feminism, medicalization, and cultic phenomena. Furthermore, cultic discourse and fan discourse are understood in this work as two separate meaning-making practices. The definition of cultic discourse is based on PĂ©ter
DĂĄvidhĂĄziâs (2002) model of cultic reception but RenĂ© Girardâs theory is also drawn
on. The status of the transcendental is of importance in the definition of cultic discourse and the conceptual differentiation between the two discourses. This dissertation argues that cultic discourse has a dominant role in Sylvia Plath Forumâs order
of discourse, while the other four discourses are crucial in the argumentation processes that aim at defining and defending the celebrated authorâs cultural status
and through it also that of her devoted readers. What is interesting in the forumâs
writings is that the writers mainly share the conclusion (concerning Plathâs greatness) but argue about the grounds, whereas typically a speaker/writer would try
to shift the adherence that certain premises already enjoy to the desired conclusion.
Apart from the relatively stable position of cultic discourse, the forumâs order of
discourse was in constant flux as the negotiations of meanings, especially the right
way to represent Sylvia Plath and her oeuvre, were vibrant from the beginning until the end. The concept of âprocessâ is in many ways crucial: it not only characterizes this studyâs understanding of its object but is of importance in the studyâs overall
definition of culture as an intersubjective communication process based on symbols. Moreover, the studyâs perspective is also strongly influenced by RenĂ© Girardâs
mimetic theory in the analysis of aspects of mimetic desire, mediation, and scapegoat mechanism in the research data. However, as a result of its own negotiation of
how to approach culture and social interaction, this study partly challenges
Girardâs conception of the core of culture as well as the ontological realism of his
theory, thus moving towards more open and dialogical points of view
KetÀ minÀ jumaloin?
KirjallisuustieteestÀ antropologian kautta aina teologiaan asti versoneen René Girardin mimeettisen teorian ydinkysymys on: KetÀ minÀ jumaloin? NÀin toteaa elÀmÀkerrallisen tutkimuksen Evolution of Desire: A Life of René Girard (2018) kirjoittanut Cynthia L. Haven. Se, ketÀ me ihailemme, nÀet mÀÀrittÀÀ sen, mitÀ me tavoittelemme elÀmÀssÀmme, ja tÀtÀ kautta koko elÀmÀmme; kaikki halu on viime kÀdessÀ halua olla (toisen kautta), jos Girardilta kysytÀÀn
Halun evoluutio
Ranskan Akatemia teki hĂ€nestĂ€ kuolemattoman liittĂ€mĂ€llĂ€ hĂ€net, paikkanumerolla 37, teologien, runoilijoiden, filosofien, historioitsijoiden sekĂ€ hĂ€ntĂ€ edeltĂ€neiden kirjallisuustieteilijöiden joukkoon. Sellaista elĂ€mÀÀ â kuolemattomana siis â RenĂ© Girard, joka syntyi Avignonissa, Ranskassa, joulupĂ€ivĂ€nĂ€ vuonna 1923 ja lĂ€hti myöhemmin maailmalle etsimÀÀn onneaan, tuskin uskalsi toivoakaan
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