Study and Simulation of Voltage Profile Recovery on a 200 km Transmission Line Using Shunt Static Var Compensator (SVC)

This article aims to clarify how Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology, for static operating devices, conditioned on application to long-distance transmission lines can solve problems related to voltage drop on paths known as “weak zones” of the power transmission system. Some technical aspects of the construction of the SVC Static Reactive Compensator in conjunction with thyristor switching devices such as TCR and TSC are described. The proposed scenario is similar to the Brazilian interconnected system, where much of the generator park is hundreds of miles from the country\u27s major consumer centers, leading to the structure of this system longer transmission lines and consequently greater losses in the transmission paths. For the proposed simulations the MATLAB Simulink ® environment was used considering different voltage unbalance operating ranges caused by three-phase faults in the transmission lines. The conclusions show that the distance from the lines to the load has a great influence on the oscillatory effects of voltage, and the fact that the “loading” transmission lines can compensate for much of the path by generating wars through the circuit\u27s natural capacitance. The allocation of capacitor and shunt reactor banks is a reliable option for the transmission system and can act as a support mechanism for voltage control maneuvers to circumvent abrupt changes in reactive demand. From the simulations output comparison, the transient effects showed greater stability in the voltage signal recovery in the stretches where the compensation blocks were located near the lowering substation bus, thus demonstrating the capacity of the applied technology

MUDANÇA NO USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA NA BACIA DO RIO TIETÊ E SEUS IMPACTOS NA TEMPERATURA DA SUPERÍFICIE (TS)

A bacia do rio Tietê tem sido uma importante região para as atividades agrícolas na última década. Áreas que antes eram cobertas por vegetação densa tornaram-se solo exposto para o cultivo. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho é caracterizar a mudança no uso e cobertura do solo no Estado de São Paulo com ênfase na região da bacia do rio Tietê, entre 2000 a 2017, e as alterações na temperatura da superfície (TS). Os dados fisiográficos utilizados no estudo foram obtidos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), já uso e cobertura do solo e TS derivam do sensor Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Entre os principais resultados têm-se a expansão da área agrícola, principalmente às margens do rio Tietê. Em termos de sub bacia, a expansão agrícola é maior no Baixo Tietê, o que resulta num aumento na TS

Environmental and Climatic Perception of Students from Public Schools of Itajubá - MG

A percepção é o processo no qual o indivíduo assimila os estímulos externos, os internaliza por meio do processo cognitivo e a eles atribui significado. Nesse sentido, a percepção ambiental e climática pode ser compreendida como a forma pela qual os indivíduos entendem os fenômenos naturais que se manifestam no seu cotidiano. O objetivo do presente estudo é conhecer a percepção ambiental e climática de estudantes de escolas públicas municipais de Itajubá-MG. Foram selecionadas quatro escolas, duas localizadas na área rural e duas localizadas na área urbana do município. Adotou-se uma estratégia metodológica quantiqualitativa, com aplicação de questionários e observação dos estudantes ao longo do ano de 2016. As análises apontaram que os estudantes não se reconhecem como integrantes do sistema atmosférico e que os estudantes inseridos no meio rural não demonstraram possuir uma percepção ambiental e climática diferenciada dos estudantes de escolas urbanas, no que se refere a descrição de elementos do meio natural e atmosférico.Perception is the process by which the individual assimilates external stimuli, internalizes them, through the cognitive process, and assigns them meaning. Hence, environmental and climatic perception is the form what individuals understand natural phenomena that happens in their daily life. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to get to know the environmental and climatic perception of fifth-year elementary students of municipal public schools in Itajubá, MG. Four schools were selected to perform the study, two in the rural area and two in the urban area of the municipality. A quantitative-qualitative methodological strategy was adopted through the application of questionnaires and observations performed throughout the year 2016, to attend both the objectives of the university extension project Amigos do Clima and this perception research. The analyzes indicated that presented the same difficulty: to perceive themselves as belonging to the atmospheric environment; and that students that come from rural areas do not necessarily have a more accurate environmental and climatic perception than students attending schools in the urban area.   &nbsp

A Novel TGFβ Modulator that Uncouples R-Smad/I-Smad-Mediated Negative Feedback from R-Smad/Ligand-Driven Positive Feedback

As some of the most widely utilised intercellular signalling molecules, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily members play critical roles in normal development and become disrupted in human disease. Establishing appropriate levels of TGFβ signalling involves positive and negative feedback, which are coupled and driven by the same signal transduction components (R-Smad transcription factor complexes), but whether and how the regulation of the two can be distinguished are unknown. Genome-wide comparison of published ChIP-seq datasets suggests that LIM dom

Melhoria de layout em uma empresa de fabricação e manutenção de moldes e matrizes de embalagens de vidro / Layout improvement in a glass packaging molds and dies manufacturing and maintenance company

O presente artigo tem como objetivo propor uma melhoria para o leyout de uma empresa só ramo metal/;mecânico, que realiza usinagem e manutenção de modes e matrizes para fabricação de embalagens de vidro. É proposta uma alternativa de alteração de layout que busca a redução do deslocamento e consequentemente das perdas. O estudo de caso se deu por emio de coleta de dados e embasamento na literatura. Com base nisto foi aplicado o diagrama de espaguete para evidenciar os deslocamentos e  a aprtir del foram tabuladas as distâncias percorridas. A aprtir dos dados tabulados e de gráficos de pareto foram analisados os processos que geram as maiores movimentações, sendo proposta com base neles uma nova proposta de layout para o processo. Obteve-se redução significativa comparada ao estado atual da fábrica, embora os resultados ainda permitam melhorias futuras. 

Rendimento de grãos de milho segunda safra sob dois regimes hídricos e diferentes sistemas de cultivo

O grão do milho está entre os cereais os mais produzidos no Brasil. O consórcio entre as culturas de milho e forrageiras do gênero Urochloa visam a produção de grãos e forragem com boa qualidade nutricional para a produção de pastagem ou formação de palha para sistemas de plantio direto (SPD). Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o rendimento de grãos de milho segunda safra sob diferentes sistemas de cultivo do solo em sistema irrigado e não irrigado, no extremo Oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcela subdividida com sete repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por combinações de sistemas de cultivo, nas parcelas, com quatro níveis (sistema convencional de preparo de solo; SPD utilizando Urochloa brizantha cv Paiaguás; U. brizantha cv Piatã; e U. ruziziensis cv Ruziziensis), e lâminas de irrigação nas subparcelas, com dois regimes hídricos (não irrigado e irrigado). Independente dos sistemas de cultivo avaliado, o uso da irrigação proporcionou incremento médio de 1045% de rendimento de grãos de milho em relação ao tratamento não irrigado. Além disso, foi verificado maiores estande final e massa seca de palha residual total, proporcionando, assim, maior aporte de palha e benefícios ao SPD para as safras seguintes. Dentre as coberturas vegetais empregadas no SPD consorciada com o milho, as coberturas Paiaguás e Piatã revelaram ser as melhores opções para o consórcio, sob as condições em que foi realizado o experimento, na região do extremo Oeste do Estado de São Paulo

Prevalence of contagious and environmental mastitis-causing bacteria in bulk tank milk and its relationships with milking practices of dairy cattle herds in São Miguel Island (Azores)

This study aimed to assess the degree of contamination of bulk tank milk (BTM) by Staphylococcus spp. and coliform bacteria and to identify major milking practices that help perpetuate them in dairy cattle herds in São Miguel Island. In July 2014, BTM was sampled and a survey concerning local milking practices was conducted on 100 herds. Semi quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction detected coagulase-negative staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and other coliform bacteria (Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, andSerratia marcescens) in 100, 75, 59, and 35 % of BTM, respectively. According to multivariable univariate models, on herds not using hot water for cleaning the milking machine and teat liners, there was at least 3.4 more odds (P<0.01) to have S. aureus or coliform bacteria contamination in BTM. The likelihoodoffinding S.aureus inBTMwas higher(P<0.001)on herds without high hygiene during milking, when milking mastitic cows at the end, on abrupt cessation of milking at dry-off, and official milk control implementation. The glove use also favored (odds ratio (OR) 5.8; P<0.01)thedetection ofcoliformbacteriainBTM.Poormilkingpracticesidentified in this study should be avoided in order to decrease S. aureus and coliform bacteria contamination of BTM. Other factors associated with milk quality in São Miguel Island also should be further investigated

A core human primary tumor angiogenesis signature identifies the endothelial orphan receptor ELTD1 as a key regulator of angiogenesis.

Limited clinical benefits derived from anti-VEGF therapy have driven the identification of new targets involved in tumor angiogenesis. Here, we report an integrative meta-analysis to define the transcriptional program underlying angiogenesis in human cancer. This approach identified ELTD1, an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor whose expression is induced by VEGF/bFGF and repressed by DLL4 signaling. Extensive analysis of multiple cancer types demonstrates significant upregulation of ELTD1 in tumor-associated endothelial cells, with a higher expression correlating with favorable prognosis. Importantly, ELTD1 silencing impairs endothelial sprouting and vessel formation in vitro and in vivo, drastically reducing tumor growth and greatly improving survival. Collectively, these results provide insight into the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and highlight ELTD1 as key player in blood vessel formation

‘Fourth places’: the Contemporary Public Settings for Informal Social Interaction among Strangers.

This paper introduces ‘fourth places’ as an additional category of informal social settings alongside ‘third places’ (Oldenburg 1989). Through extensive empirical fieldwork on where and how social interaction among strangers occurs in the public and semi-public spaces of a contemporary masterplanned neighbourhood, this paper reveals that ‘fourth places’ are closely related to ‘third places’ in terms of social and behavioural characteristics, involving a radical departure from the routines of home and work, inclusivity, and social comfort. However, the activities, users, locations and spatial conditions that support them are very different. They are characterized by ‘in-betweenness’ in terms of spaces, activities, time and management, as well as a great sense of publicness. This paper will demonstrate that the latter conditions are effective in breaking the ‘placelessness’ and ‘fortress’ designs of newly designed urban public spaces and that, by doing so, they make ‘fourth places’ sociologically more open in order to bring strangers together. The recognition of these findings problematizes well-established urban design theories and redefines several spatial concepts for designing public space. Ultimately, the findings also bring optimism to urban design practice, offering new insights into how to design more lively and inclusive public spaces. Keywords: ‘Fourth places’, Informal Public Social Settings, Social Interaction, Strangers, Public Space Design