309 research outputs found
Typical Lung Carcinoids with Metastasis:Potential Role of MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Adaptive Immunity Associated with Disease: a Case Study
Evaluación de la calidad del aceite de palma crudo comercializado en Bahía, Brasil
The characteristics of the quality of crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm olein (CPOL) produced in the states of Bahia and Pará were investigated. Twelve oil samples were analyzed; 2 (CPO) were from Pará (produced industrially), while the other 10 were from Bahia (3 CPOs and 3 CPOLs produced industrially, while 1 CPOL and 3 CPOs were traditionally processed). The chemical analyses included the determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), free fatty acids (FFA%), peroxide value (PV), induction time (IT), total carotenoids (TC) and total polar compounds (TPC). The major saturated fatty acids in these samples were palmitic (34.79-42.89 g 100 g–1) and stearic (4.49-5.84 g 100 g–1) acid, and the main unsaturated fatty acids were oleic (37.31-43.69 g 100 g–1) and linoleic (9.04- 12.74 g100 g–1) acid. All samples produced in Bahia exhibited higher FFA (6.77-13.49%) and TPC (13.71-19.50%) levels than permitted in the international quality standards, unlike the samples produced in Pará. TC, PV and IT ranged from 422.1 to 584.2 mg g–1, 1.32 to 3.7 meq O2 kg–1 oil and 1.72 to 4.66 h, respectively. PV, FFA and TPC were inversely correlated with TC and IT. The use of inappropriate oil extraction processes in Bahia is clearly becoming a food safety problem.Las características de calidad del aceite de palma crudo (CPO) y oleína de palma cruda (CPOL) producidos en los estados de Bahía y Pará fueron investigados. Se analizaron doce muestras de aceites; 2 (CPO) eran de Pará (producido industrialmente), mientras que las otras 10 procedían de Bahía (3 CPOs y 3 CPOLs producidos industrialmente, mientras que 1 CPOL y 3 CPOs fueron procesadas tradicionalmente). El análisis químico incluyó la determinación de ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos (FAME), ácidos grasos libres (FFA%), índice de peróxido (PV), el tiempo de inducción (TI), los carotenoides totales (TC) y el total de compuestos polares (TPC). Los principales ácidos grasos saturados en estas muestras fueron palmítico (34,79 a 42,89 g 100 g–1) y esteárico (4.49 a 5.84 g 100 g–1), y los principales ácidos grasos insaturados fueron oleico (37.31-43.69 g 100 g–1) y linoleico (9,04-12,74 g 100 g–1). Todas las muestras producidas en Bahía muestran valores de FFA (6,77-13,49%) y TPC (13,71 a 19,50%), por encima de los niveles de los estándares internacionales de calidad, a diferencia de las muestras producidas en Pará. TC, PV y TPC oscilaron entre 422,1 a 584,2 mg g–1, 1,32 a 3,7 meq O2 kg–1 y 1,72 a 4,66 h, respectivamente. PV, FFA y TPC se correlacionan inversamente con TC y IT. El uso de procesos inadecuados de extracción de aceites en Bahía se está convirtiendo claramente en un problema de seguridad alimentaria
Combinations of Metarhizium anisopliae with chemical insecticides and their effectiveness in Mahanarva fimbriolata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) control on sugarcane
Some insecticides can be used jointly with entomopathogenic fungi, and therefore the combi-
nation of chemical and biological control measures can be a safe and effective method to con-
trol insect pests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the costs and efficacy of combinations of
Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) with thiameth-
oxam and imidacloprid on spittlebug (Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål); Hemiptera: Cercopidae)
control on sugarcane. The experiment was conducted as a randomized block design (RBD)
with 10 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments included a control (untreated), thia-
−1
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12
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methoxam (250 g ha ), imidacloprid (700 g ha ), M. anisopliae (M. a.) (3 × 10 conidia ha ),
A1 (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha −1 + 65 g ha −1 of thiamethoxam), A2 (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha −1 + 125
g ha −1 of thiamethoxam), A3 (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha −1 + 187.5 g ha −1 of thiamethoxam), A4 (3 ×
10 12 M. a. conidia ha −1 + 175 g ha −1 of imidacloprid), A5 (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha −1 + 350 g ha −1 of
imidacloprid), and A6 (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha −1 + 525g ha −1 of imidacloprid). The reductions
in the numbers of M. fimbriolata nymphs per treatment compared to the control were similar
at 15 DAT (days after treatment) in all treatments except combination A5 (M. anisopliae
and thiamethoxam). At 30 DAT, the numbers of nymphs were significantly reduced in all
treatments except A3, and their effectiveness ranged from 14.28% to 92.85%. At 45 DAT the
numbers of M. fimbriolata nymphs per treatment were significantly reduced in the following
treatments: imidacloprid alone at 700g ha -1 , A1, A2, A3, A4 and A6; and the combinations A1
and A2 caused the lowest M. fimbriolata nymph infestations and effectiveness rates of 77.41
and 87.09 %, respectively. At 75 DAT the 2 best control efficacies occurred in treatments A1 (3
× 10 12 M. a. conidia ha -1 of + 65g ha -1 of thiamethoxam) (82.1%) and A5 (78.6%) (3 × 10 12 M. a.
conidia ha −1 + 350 g ha −1 of imidacloprid). At 90 DAT the number of nymphs in the control had
increased 2.8 fold over the number at 75 DAT. Very good control efficacies at 90 DAT occurred
in all treatments with the combination of the fungus with an insecticide. At 105 DAT the
numbers of nymphs had surged in all treatments, and no treatment provided effective control.
The treatments with the highest earnings per hectare were A1 (3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia ha -1 + 65
g thiamethoxam) and M. anisopliae alone at the recommended dose of 3 × 10 12 M. a. conidia
ha -1 . Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of using either thiamethoxam or imidacloprid
in combination with M. anisopliae to control M. fimbriolata nymphs on sugarcane, but greater
net earnings per hectare occurred with the lowest rate of the thiamethoxam combination than
with any of the imidacloprid combinations.Algunos insecticidas se puede utilizar con hongos entomopatógenos y por lo tanto, la aso-
ciación de los controles químico y biológico puede ser una estrategia segura y eficaz para
el control de insectos-plaga. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los costos y eficacia de combinaciones de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavi-
cipitaceae) con insecticidas thiamethoxam e imidacloprid para el control de la chicharrita
(Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål); Hemiptera: Cercopidae) en caña de azúcar . El experimento
fue conducido en un delineamiento en bloques casualizados (DBC), con 10 tratamientos y
4 repeticiones. Los tratamientos que incluidos el control (sin tratamiento), thiamethoxam
(250 g ha −1 ), imidacloprido (700 g ha −1 ), M. anisopliae (M.a.) (3×10 12 conidios ha −1 ), A1 (3×10 12
conidios ha −1 de M. a. + 65 g ha −1 de thiamethoxam), A2 (3×10 12 conidios ha −1 de M. a. + 125g
ha −1 de thiamethoxam), A3 (3×10 12 conidios ha −1 de M. a. + 187.5 g ha −1 de thiamethoxam), A4
(3×10 12 conidios ha −1 de M.a + 175 g ha −1 de imidacloprido), A5 (3×10 12 conidios ha −1 de M. a. +
350 g ha −1 de imidacloprido) y A6 (3×10 12 conidios ha −1 de M. a. + 525g ha −1 de imidacloprido).
Las reducciones en el número de ninfas M. fimbriolata por tratamiento en comparación con
el control fueron similares a los 15 DAT (días pos tratamiento) en todos los tratamientos
excepto A5 combinación (M. anisopliae y thiamethoxam). A los 30 DAT, el número de ninfas
se redujeron significativamente en todos los tratamientos, excepto A3, y su eficacia varió de
14,28% para 92,85%. A los 45 DAT, los números de ninfas M. fimbriolata por tratamiento se
redujeron significativamente en los siguientes tratamientos: imidacloprido solo en 700 g ha -1 ,
A1, A2, A3, A4 y A6; y las combinaciones de A1 y A2 causaron la más bajo infestaciones de
ninfas M. fimbriolata y sus tasas de eficacia fueron de 77,41 y 87,09%, respectivamente. A los
75 DAT, los 2 mejores eficacias de control se produjeron en tratamientos A1 (3×10 12 conidios
ha −1 de M. a. + 65 g ha −1 de thiamethoxam) y A5 (78.6%) (3×10 12 conidios ha −1 de M. a.+ 350
g ha −1 de imidacloprido). A los 90 DAT, el número de ninfas en el control había aumentado
2,8 veces más el número a 75 DAT. Muy buenas eficacias de control en 90 DAT, se produjo
en todos los tratamientos con la combinación del hongo con un insecticida. A los 105 DAT, el
número de ninfas habían aumentado en todos los tratamientos, y ningún tratamiento había
proporcionado un control efectivo. Los tratamientos con los mayores rendimientos hectárea
fueron A1 (3×10 12 conidios ha −1 de M. a.+ 65 g de thiamethoxam) y M. anisopliae solo a la dosis
recomendada de 3×10 12 conidios ha −1 de M. a. Nuestros resultados demuestran la eficacia de
thiamethoxam y imidacloprido en combinación con M. anisopliae para el control de ninfas M.
fimbriolata en caña de azúcar, pero mayores beneficio neto por hectárea se produjeron con la
tasa más baja de la combinación de thiamethoxam que con cualquiera de las combinaciones
de imidacloprid
Population genomics provide insights into the global genetic structure of Colletotrichum graminicola, the causal agent of maize anthracnose
Understanding the genetic diversity and mechanisms underlying genetic variation in pathogen populations is crucial to the development of effective control strategies. We investigated the genetic diversity and reproductive biology of Colletotrichum graminicola isolates which infect maize by sequencing the genomes of 108 isolates collected from 14 countries using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Clustering analyses based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed three genetic groups delimited by continental origin, compatible with short-dispersal of the pathogen and geographic subdivision. Intra- and intercontinental migration was observed between Europe and South America, likely associated with the movement of contaminated germplasm. Low clonality, evidence of genetic recombination, and high phenotypic diversity were detected. We show evidence that, although it is rare (possibly due to losses of sexual reproduction- and meiosis-associated genes) C. graminicola can undergo sexual recombination. Our results support the hypotheses that intra- and intercontinental pathogen migration and genetic recombination have great impacts on the C. graminicola population structure
FAUNA IXODÍDEA DE ANIMAIS SILVESTRES DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ, BRASIL – DADOS PRELIMINARES
Os carrapatos são conhecidos por parasitar uma variedade de hospedeiros domésticos e silvestres, incluindo mamíferos, aves, répteis e anfíbios. Além disso, muitos animais silvestres participam do ciclo epidemiológico de doenças transmitidas por carrapatos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse estudo foi identificar as espécies de carrapatos parasitando animais silvestres atendidos no Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Federal do paraná, Curitiba, Brasil. Os carrapatos foram coletados de 28 animais silvestres: uma anta (Tapirus terrestres), um cervídeo (Mazama sp.), um javali (Sus scrofa), dois bugios (Alouatta guariba), duas capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), 9 ouriços-cacheiros (Sphiggurus villosus), quatro tamanduás-mirins (Tamandua tetradactyla), seis gambás (Didelphis spp.), um gato-mourisco (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) e um teiú (Tupinambis sp.). Ao todo, foram coletados 115 carrapatos (65 machos, 33 fêmeas e 17 ninfas): Amblyomma aureolatum (1M, 3F, 2N) em dois bugios, um gambá e um gato-mourisco; Amblyomma calcaratum (8M, 2F) em 4 tamanduás-mirins; Amblyomma dubitatum (6M, 1F, 7N) em duas capivaras e um gambá; Amblyomma fuscum (3F) em um teiú; Amblyomma longirostre (28M, 8F, 4N) e Amblyomma parkeri (4M, 3F, 3N) em nove ouriços-cacheiros; Amblyomma ovale (1F) em um javali; Amblyomma sculptum (6M, 7F) em uma anta e um javali; Haemaphysalis juxtakochi (1N) em um cervídeo e Ixodes loricatus (12M, 5F) em cinco gambás. Estudos são necessários para melhor avaliar o papel dessas espécies na epidemiologia das doenças transmitidas por carrapatos
Digestibilidade de nutrientes em ovinos confinados e alimentados com diferentes níveis de substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de mamona destoxificada
Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de quatro níveis de substituição (0; 33; 67 e 100%) do farelo de soja (FS) pela torta de mamona destoxificada (TMD) em rações sobre a digestibilidade de nutrientes de ovinos mestiços de Morada Nova, machos, inteiros, com peso vivo médio de 37 kg, num delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com cinco repetições. O volumoso utilizado foi o feno de capim-tifton, cortado aos 50 dias. Observou-se efeito (P0,05) dos níveis de substituição do FS pela TMD na DPB, com média igual a 76,63%. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) dos níveis de substituição do FS pela TMD sobre a DFDN e DFDA, com média igual a 55,36 e 50,86%. A elevação da DEE com o aumento de TMD às dietas deveu-se elevado teor de EE da TMD (6,10%), contra 1,8% do FS. Observou-se redução linear (P<0,05) dos níveis de substituição do FS pela TMD sobre a DCT. Não foi observado efeito dos níveis de substituição do FS pela TMD sobre a DCNF, com média igual a 84,68%. Observou-se redução linear (P<0,05) dos níveis de substituição do FS pela TMD sobre o NDT. Concluiu-se que a inclusão da torta de mamona destoxificada em substituição do farelo de soja demonstrou ser uma alternativa alimentar viável na alimentação de ovinos
Results of an Expert Consensus Survey on the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension With Oral Prostacyclin Pathway Agents
Background Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has evolved substantially over the past two decades and varies according to etiology, functional class (FC), hemodynamic parameters, and other clinical factors. Current guidelines do not provide definitive recommendations regarding the use of oral prostacyclin pathway agents (PPAs) in PAH. To provide guidance on the use of these agents, an expert panel was convened to develop consensus statements for the initiation of oral PPAs in adults with PAH. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE. The established RAND/University of California Los Angeles appropriateness method, which incorporates the Delphi method and the nominal group technique, was used to create consensus statements. Idiopathic, heritable, repaired congenital heart defect, and drug- or toxin-induced PAH (IPAH+) was considered as one etiologic grouping. The process was focused on the use of oral treprostinil or selexipag in patients with IPAH+ or connective tissue disease-associated PAH and FC II or III symptoms receiving background dual endothelin receptor antagonist/phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy. Results The panel developed 14 consensus statements regarding the appropriate use of oral PPAs in the target population. The panel identified 13 clinical scenarios in which selexipag may be considered as a treatment option. Conclusions The paucity of clinical evidence overall, and particularly from randomized trials in this setting, creates a gap in knowledge. These consensus statements are intended to aid physicians in navigating treatment options and using oral PPAs in the most appropriate manner in patients with PAH
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