La deformación alpina en el Sistema Central Español

La idea del origen compresivo del Sistema Central (SC) se debe a Birot y Solé Sabarís (1954) [1], antes del establecimiento del papel que la tectónica de placas juega en el desarrollo de las estructuras intraplaca. Sin embargo, sus observaciones de campo no fueron tenidas en cuenta y, durante mucho tiempo, el SC fue considerado como una estructura extensiva [2]. Los primeros modelos de estructura del SC, en un contexto compresivo intraplaca, fueron propuestos por Vegas y Suriñach (1987) [3], que calcularon un engrosamiento cortical de 5 km, mientras que Warburton y Álvarez (1989) [4] construyeron una sección transversal con el desarrollo de una tectónica de piel fina asociada a un detachment intracortical proveniente de las Béticas y con un acortamiento asociado de 50 km. Esta idea fue también propuesta con menos detalle para el sector portugués, pero en relación a un estilo tectónico de piel gruesa y un acortamiento menor [5]. No obstante, estos trabajos carecían de observaciones de campo. En concreto, la sección de Warburton y Álvarez adolece de numerosas inconsistencias. El estilo tectónico propuesto durante la celebración de la III reunión de la Comisión de Tectónica de la SGE, que es el que se tiene en cuenta hoy en día, fue el de una tectónica de piel gruesa, sin despegues en la cobertera, con la formación de cabalgamientos imbricados de piel fina con implicación del basamento y pop ups dentro del basamento varisco de direcciones NE-SO a E-O. El acortamiento asociado se calculó en un 14% (20 km) [6, 7]

Characterizing Emerging Canine H3 Influenza Viruses.

The continual emergence of novel influenza A strains from non-human hosts requires constant vigilance and the need for ongoing research to identify strains that may pose a human public health risk. Since 1999, canine H3 influenza A viruses (CIVs) have caused many thousands or millions of respiratory infections in dogs in the United States. While no human infections with CIVs have been reported to date, these viruses could pose a zoonotic risk. In these studies, the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) network collaboratively demonstrated that CIVs replicated in some primary human cells and transmitted effectively in mammalian models. While people born after 1970 had little or no pre-existing humoral immunity against CIVs, the viruses were sensitive to existing antivirals and we identified a panel of H3 cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) that could have prophylactic and/or therapeutic value. Our data predict these CIVs posed a low risk to humans. Importantly, we showed that the CEIRS network could work together to provide basic research information important for characterizing emerging influenza viruses, although there were valuable lessons learned

A giant exoplanet orbiting a very-low-mass star challenges planet formation models

Surveys have shown that super-Earth and Neptune-mass exoplanets are more frequent than gas giants around low-mass stars, as predicted by the core accretion theory of planet formation. We report the discovery of a giant planet around the very-low-mass star GJ 3512, as determined by optical and near-infrared radial-velocity observations. The planet has a minimum mass of 0.46 Jupiter masses, very high for such a small host star, and an eccentric 204-day orbit. Dynamical models show that the high eccentricity is most likely due to planet-planet interactions. We use simulations to demonstrate that the GJ 3512 planetary system challenges generally accepted formation theories, and that it puts constraints on the planet accretion and migration rates. Disk instabilities may be more efficient in forming planets than previously thought

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

Caracterización y evaluación preliminar de veinticuatro lineas de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en el Centro Experimental "La Compañía" Carazo

El presente trabajo se desarrolló con el objetivo de generar información agronómica a través de la caracterización y evaluación preliminar de 24 líneas de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en sus diferentes estados fenológicos. El experimento fue establecido en la Estación Experimental “La Compañía”, ubicada en el Departamento de Carazo. El diseño experimental ut ilizado fue bloques completos al azar (BCA) con 24 tratamientos, un testigo (variedad INTA ROJO) y 3 réplicas. Para la caracterización se tomaron 28 caracteres cualitativos y 9 caracteres cuantitativos. Las variables evaluadas fueron días a la floración, días a la madurez fisiológica, días a cosecha, número de vainas por planta, número de semillas por vaina, número de plantas cosechadas, peso de 100 semillas, rendimiento (kg ha-1) y reacción a enfermedades. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 15 plantas dentro de la parcela útil, a excepción de las variables fenológicas, rendimiento (kg ha-1), reacción a enfermedad y peso de 100 semillas. El análisis estadístico hecho para las variables fue el ANDEVA, separación de medias por Tukey al 95% de confianza y análisis descriptivo para los 9 caracteres cuantitativos de la caracterización. Las variables fenológicas resultaron con una alta significancia, demostrando un comportamiento de precoz a intermedio, cumpliendo su ciclo en un rango de 65 a 72 días; los componentes de rendimiento fueron de significativo a altamente significativo para el número de semillas por vaina y peso de 100 semillas, respectivamente; no así para el número de vainas por planta y número plantas cosechadas, que resultaron no significativos. El rendimiento (kg ha-1) resultó significativo, con promedios que fueron de 1307 a 2264 kg ha-1. La separación de medias por Tukey demostró que ninguno de los materiales supera estadísticamente al testigo en casi todas las variables, a excepción del peso de 100 semillas. En la evaluación de la enfermedad Mustia hilachosa (Thanatephorus cucumeris); de las líneas evaluadas resultaron 3 resistentes, 20 intermedias y 1 susceptible

Teleoperated Robotic Arm (ToRA)

The Teleoperated robot control system allows humans to operate at a certain distance. It is composed of a master device used by the operator and a slave device which follows the commands of the operator. In dangerous and hostile environments, teleoperation systems are implemented so that a person can perform a task from a different location where it is safe. This study focuses on constructing a teleoperated robot arm control system composed of a master-slave configuration of simulation control by a computer and a robot arm that would be able to mimic the movements of a human arm. The virtual manipulator which is the master is simulated while the robot arm, equipped with motors, is used as representation of the slave in the master-slave configuration. The virtual manipulator makes use of kinematic equations to provide the correct position and orientation of the virtual arm. The path planning implementation for the movement of the arm is a direct, straight path using best first search in the workspace through comparisons of Euclidian distances. The P.I.D. control system minimized the steady state error and improved system response. The combination of actuators placed on the joints of the arm, forearm and wrist covers a total of four (4) degrees of freedom of the robotic arm

Did earthquakes strike Machu Picchu ?

The Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu (Cusco, Peru) is one of the most important archaeological monuments in Peru and worldwide. Machu Picchu is classified as a UNESCO World Heritage site and at risk from climatic change. However, the seismic centennial history of Peru reports large earthquakes generated both along the subduction zone (Mw8) and on active crustal faults along the Andean Cordillera (Mw7). It is therefore important to know if Machu Picchu is located in an area of seismic hazard and then to take measures to mitigate potential seismic hazards. Due to the short historical earthquake catalogue (< 500 years) and the absence of significant recent instrumental seismicity in the site's vicinity (radius of < 30 km), our knowledge about the seismic hazard in Machu Picchu is limited. The earthquakes of 1650 and 1950 affected Cusco city and surrounding areas, but without damage descriptions in Machu Picchu (80 km away) (Silgado Ferro 1978). In this study, we make the first attempt to use the analysis of earthquake archaeological effects (EAEs) and their differentiation from the effects generated by slope movements (creep) to investigate the past occurrence of strong earthquakes at the site. The application of geological structural analysis to the deformations observed in Machu Picchu shows two directions of the mean ground movement: N020 degrees E and N110 degrees E. Two earthquakes that affected Machu Picchu during its construction generated these directions. This kind of data should be used in the future to protect this important archaeological site