67 research outputs found
Secondary Prevention of Cancer in the Older Individual
The incidence and the mortality of cancer increase with age. This article explores the possibility of decreasing cancerrelated mortality in the aged with secondary prevention of cancer deaths that entails early diagnosis of cancer through the screening of asymptomatic older individuals. We establish that screening of asymptomatic individuals should be based on physiologic rather than chronologic age that may be estimated from a comprehensive geriatric assessment and possibly with the utilization of biologic markers of aging.
It is reasonable to offer some form of screening for lung and colorectal cancer to individuals with a life expectancy of at least five years and screening for breast and prostate cancer to women and men respectively with a life expectancy of at least ten years. The ideal number of screening sessions and the ideal interval between screening sessions is unestablished. The aging of the population, the diversity of the older population, the development of new and more sensitive screening interventions, the discovery of new biologic markers of cancer and age represent the main challenges in studying the value of cancer screening in the aged. Probably the most reliable information may be obtained from rapid-learning databases in which information related to each person's physiologic age is included.
Worldwide, the incidence and prevalence of cancer increase with age [1]. In the meantime the risk of cancer-related mortality increases with age at diagnosis [2-4]. As the world population is aging, cancer in the older person is an ever more common problem, and the reduction of cancer deaths in older individuals represents the most urgent goal of cancer control. In this article we explore secondary cancer prevention as representing a strategy to reduce the risk of mortality in the aged.This hypothesis is based on four considerations:
i. Several studies showed that the practice of screening asymptomatic individuals for cancer becomes less common with the aging of the population [5].
ii. The average life expectancy of the Western population is rapidly increasing1. Consequently the benefits of early detection of cancer that emerges several years after diagnosis may be present even for those undergoing screening at an advanced age.
iii. New forms of cancer treatment, including minimally invasive surgery [6], stereotactic radio surgery [7], and targeted systemic therapy [8], are associated with decreased risk of complications. They may be safely utilized in individuals with limited tolerance of stress who might be hurt by more aggressive treatments. It is now possible to personalize cancer screening according to individual life expectancy and tolerance of stress, as the estimate of a person's physiologic age is becoming more precise [1,9]. After reviewing the principles and the effectiveness of cancer screening and early detection, this article will explore the benefits and risks of secondary cancer prevention in older individuals. In particular we will review the current evidence and the limitations of previous clinical trials. At the end we will propose a conceptual framework to guide the screening of older individuals for cancer, and we will propose a research agenda
A Therapeutic Vibrating Insole Device for Postural Instability in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Control Study
Introduction
Frail older people with diabetes often present with or develop walking impairments, in part due to lower-limb sensory-motor neuropathy. Several studies suggest a possible improvement of balance control using somatosensory stimulation. We undertook a novel randomized control trial, the aim of which was to observe whether use of this device for 1 month improves walking speed as measured in the 10-m fast walking speed test standardized to body size at month 1 (M1) (FWS). Secondary outcomes were the differences between intervention (VS) and control (C) in the 10-m normal walking speed test, step length, short physical performance battery, timed up and go test, and posturographic measures.
Methods
Subjects were aged â„ 70 years and had had type 2 diabetes for at least 2 years. The intervention (VS) at home consisted of 22-min daily vibrating sequences with noise intensity set at 90% of the tactile threshold for each foot. The same device was used in group C but noise was set to 0. Compliance was retrieved from the device.
Results
Among 56 subjects, 27 were in the VS group and 29 in the C group; 35 subjects were frail, 15 were prefrail ,and 6 were non-frail. Bilateral neuropathy was present in 17 subjects. More than half of sessions were done in 36 subjects with no discernible difference according to intervention. At M1 there were no discernible differences in FWS between the groups [VS: 0.96 (0.53) cm sâ1 cmâ1, C: 0.94 (0.47) cm sâ1 cmâ1]. There were also no discernible differences in other outcomes, irrespective of the presence of bilateral neuropathy.
Conclusion
In a cohort of frail, prefrail, or non-frail older subjects with diabetes, a 1-month intervention using a vibrating insole device did not alter measures of walking speed and related measures. Larger studies with longer term and different stimulation protocols are required to test this hypothesis more fully.Sponsorship was received for this study from EU 7th Framework Programme (contract no. 278803). CHU of Bordeaux paid the journalâs Rapid Service Fe
Relative sit-to-stand power cut-off points and their association with negatives outcomes in older adults
The purposes of this study were: (i) to evaluate the association of sit-to-stand (STS) power and body composition parameters [body mass index (BMI) and legs skeletal muscle index (SMI)] with age; (ii) to provide cut-off points for low relative STS power (STSrel), (iii) to provide normative data for well-functioning older adults and (iv) to assess the association of low STSrel with negative outcomes. Cross-sectional design (1369 older adults). STS power parameters assessed by validated equations, BMI and Legs SMI assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were recorded. Sex- and age-adjusted segmented and logistic regression analyses and receiver operator characteristic curves were used. Among men, STSrel showed a negative association with age up to the age of 85 years (â 1.2 to â 1.4%yearâ1; pâ<â0.05). In women, a negative association with age was observed throughout the old adult life (â 1.2 to â 2.0%yearâ1; pâ<â0.001). Cut-off values for low STSrel were 2.5 W kgâ1 in men and 1.9 W kgâ1 in women. Low STSrel was associated with frailty (OR [95% CI]â=â5.6 [3.1, 10.1]) and low habitual gait speed (HGS) (OR [95% CI]â=â2.7 [1.8, 3.9]) in men while low STSrel was associated with frailty (OR [95% CI]â=â6.9 [4.5, 10.5]) low HGS (OR [95% CI]â=â2.9 [2.0, 4.1]), disability in activities of daily living (OR [95% CI]â=â2.1 [1.4, 3.2]), and low quality of life (OR [95%CI]â=â1.7 [1.2, 2.4]) in women. STSrel declined with increasing age in both men and women. Due to the adverse outcomes related to STSrel, the reported cut-off points can be used as a clinical tool to identify low STSrel among older adults
A Therapeutic Vibrating Insole Device for Postural Instability in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Control Study
Introduction: Frail older people with diabetes often present with or develop walking impairments, in part due to lower-limb sensory-motor neuropathy. Several studies suggest a possible improvement of balance control using somatosensory stimulation. We undertook a novel randomized control trial, the aim of which was to observe whether use of this device for 1 month improves walking speed as measured in the 10-m fast walking speed test standardized to body size at month 1 (M1) (FWS). Secondary outcomes were the differences between intervention (VS) and control (C) in the 10-m normal walking speed test, step length, short physical performance battery, timed up and go test, and posturographic measures.
Methods: Subjects were aged â„ 70 years and had had type 2 diabetes for at least 2 years. The intervention (VS) at home consisted of 22-min daily vibrating sequences with noise intensity set at 90% of the tactile threshold for each foot. The same device was used in group C but noise was set to 0. Compliance was retrieved from the device.
Results: Among 56 subjects, 27 were in the VS group and 29 in the C group; 35 subjects were frail, 15 were prefrail ,and 6 were non-frail. Bilateral neuropathy was present in 17 subjects. More than half of sessions were done in 36 subjects with no discernible difference according to intervention. At M1 there were no discernible differences in FWS between the groups [VS: 0.96 (0.53) cm s-1 cm-1, C: 0.94 (0.47) cm s-1 cm-1]. There were also no discernible differences in other outcomes, irrespective of the presence of bilateral neuropathy.
Conclusion: In a cohort of frail, prefrail, or non-frail older subjects with diabetes, a 1-month intervention using a vibrating insole device did not alter measures of walking speed and related measures. Larger studies with longer term and different stimulation protocols are required to test this hypothesis more fully
Running title: Lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 lockdown in older adults
Epidemiol Health > Accepted Articles
Original article
Epidemiology and Health 2022;e2022026.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022026 [Accepted] Published online Feb 21, 2022.
The medium-term consequences of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle among Spanish older people with hypertension, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal-diseases, depression, and cancer
Irene RodrĂguez-GĂłmez1 , Coral SĂĄnchez-MartĂn1 , Francisco J. GarcĂa-GarcĂa2 , Esther GarcĂa-Esquinas3 , Marta Miret4 , GermĂĄn Vicente-Rodriguez5 , NarcĂs Gusi6 , Asier Mañas7 , JosĂ© A. Carnicero8 , Marcela Gonzalez-Gross9 , JosĂ© L. Ayuso-Mateos10 , Fernando RodrĂguez-Artalejo11 , Leocadio RodrĂguez-Mañas12 , Ignacio Ara Royo1
1Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
2Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
3Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad AutĂłnoma de Madrid, Madrid, Korea
4Department of Psychiatry. School of Medicine. Universidad AutĂłnoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
5Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
6Instituto Internacional de InvestigaciĂłn e InnovaciĂłn en Envejecimiento, Universidad de Extremadura, CĂĄceres, Spain
7Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
8University Hospital. Getafe, Spain, Getafe, Spain
9ImFINE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. , Madrid, Spain
10Department of Psychiatry. School of Medicine. Universidad AutĂłnoma de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
11Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad AutĂłnoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
12University Hospital. Getafe, Spain, Getafe, Spain
Correspondence Ignacio Ara Royo ,Email: [email protected]
Received: Oct 14, 2021 Accepted after revision: Feb 21, 2022
Abstract
Objectives:
To assess the influence of different chronic diseases on lifestyle and health behaviours changes after COVID-19 lockdown in Spanish older people compared to people without these diseases and compare the differences in these changes between both periods.
Method:
1092 participants (80.3±5.6y;66.5%women) from two Spanish cohorts were included. Telephone-based questionaries were used to evaluate health risk behaviours and lifestyle during lockdown and 7-months later. Self-reported physician-based diagnosis of chronic diseases was also reported. Cox-proportional models adjusted for main confounders were applied.
Results:
Improvements concerning lifestyle were found in older people with chronic diseases, although they worsened the physical component (except cancer). When they were compared to those without these diseases, hypertension was associated with a lower frequency of increased alcohol consumption (Hazard ratio:0.73[95% confidence interval:0.55;0.99]). Pulmonary diseases were associated with a lower risk of both decreased sedentary time (0.58[0.39;0.86]) and worsening sleep quality (0.56[0.36;0.87]), while CVD was only associated with a lower frequency of decreased sedentary time (0.58[0.38;0.88]). Depression was linked to a higher risk of increasing diet quality (1.53[1.00;2.36]). Cancer was less likely to worsen sleep quality (0.44[0.22;0.89]), but more likely to worsen their social contact frequency (2.05[1.05;3.99]). No significant association related to musculoskeletal diseases.
Conclusions:
Beneficial changes in health risk behaviours and lifestyle after the COVID-19 lockdown in older people with chronic diseases were found. Particularly, older people with hypertension, pulmonary disease and cancer showed beneficial changes after lockdown compared to their counterparts without diseases. Those with CVD and depression showed lifestyles that could involve a health risk
Human exceptional longevity: transcriptome from centenarians is distinct from septuagenarians and reveals a role of BclâxL in successful aging
Centenarians not only enjoy an extraordinary aging, but also show a compression of morbidity. Using functional transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) we identified 1721 mRNAs differentially expressed by centenarians when compared with septuagenarians and young people. Subânetwork analysis led us to identify Bcl â xL as an important gene upâregulated in centenarians. It is involved in the control of apoptosis, cellular damage protection and also in modulation of immune response, all associated to healthy aging. Indeed, centenarians display lower plasma cytochrome C levels, higher mitochondrial membrane potential and also less cellular damage accumulation than septuagenarians. Leukocyte chemotaxis and NK cell activity are significantly impaired in septuagenarians compared with young people whereas centenarians maintain them. To further ascertain the functional role of Bclâ xL in cellular aging, we found that lymphocytes from septuagenarians transduced with BclâxL display a reduction in senescentârelated markers. Finally, to demonstrate the role of BcLâxL in longevity at the organism level, C. elegans bearing a gain of function mutation in the BcLâxL ortholog cedâ9, showed a significant increase in mean and maximal life span. These results show that mRNA expression in centenarians is unique and reveals that BcLâ xL plays an important role in exceptional aging
Effectiveness of a multimodal intervention in functionally impaired older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Background: Type 2 diabetes, a highly prevalent chronic disease, is associated with increasing frailty and functional decline in older people. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention on functional performance in frail and pre-frail participants aged >= 70 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: The MID-Frail study was a cluster-randomized multicenter clinical trial conducted in 74 trial sites across seven European countries. The trial recruited 964 participants who were aged >70 years [mean age in intervention group, 78.4 (SD 5.6) years, 49.2% male and 77.6 (SD 5.29) years, 52.4% male in usual care group], with type diabetes mellitus and determined to be frail or pre-frail using Fried's frailty phenotype. Participants were allocated by trial site to follow either usual care (UCG) or intervention procedures (IG). Intervention group participants received a multimodal intervention composed of (i) an individualized and progressive resistance exercise programme for 16 weeks; (ii) a structured diabetes and nutritional educational programme over seven sessions; and (iii) Investigator-linked training to ensure optimal diabetes care. Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores were used to assess change in functional performance at 12 months between the groups. An analysis of the cost-effectiveness of the intervention was undertaken using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Secondary outcomes included mortality, hospitalization, institutionalization, quality of life, burden on caregivers, the frequency and severity of hypoglycaemia episodes, and the cost-effectiveness of the intervention.
Results: After 12 months, IG participants had mean SPPB scores 0.85 points higher than those in the UCG (95% CI, 0.44 to 1.26, P < 0.0001). Dropouts were higher in frail participants and in the intervention group, but significant differences in SPPB between treatment groups remained consistent after sensitivity analysis. Estimates suggest a mean saving following intervention of 428.02 EUR (2016) per patient per year, with ICER analysis indicating a consistent benefit of the described health care intervention over usual care. No statistically significant differences between groups were detected in any of the other secondary outcomes.
Conclusions: We have demonstrated that a 12 month structured multimodal intervention programme across several clinical settings in different European countries leads to a clinically relevant and cost-effective improvement in the functional status of older frail and pre-frail participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Effects of different doses of high-speed resistance training on physical performance and quality of life in older women: a randomized controlled trial.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of two frequencies of high-speed resistance training (HSRT) on physical performance and quality of life of older women.
Methods: A total of 24 older women participated in a 12-week HSRT program composed of either two or three sessions/week (equated for volume and intensity). Women were randomized into three arms: a control group (CG, n=8), a resistance training group performing two sessions/week (RT2, n=8), and a resistance training group performing three sessions/week (RT3, n=8). The training program for both experimental groups included exercises that required high-speed concentric muscle actions.
Results: No baseline differences were observed among groups. Compared with the CG, both training groups showed similar small to moderate improvements (P<0.05) in muscle strength, power, functional performance, balance, and quality of life.
Conclusion: These results suggest that equated for volume and intensity, two and three training sessions/week of HSRT are equally effective for improving physical performance and quality of life of older women
Metabolites
An altered amino acid metabolism has been described in frail older adults which may contribute to muscle loss and functional decline associated with frailty. In the present investigation, we compared circulating amino acid profiles of older adults with physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S, = 94), frail/pre-frail older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (F-T2DM, = 66), and robust non-diabetic controls ( = 40). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were built to define the amino acid signatures associated with the different frailty phenotypes. PLS-DA allowed correct classification of participants with 78.2 ± 1.9% accuracy. Older adults with F-T2DM showed an amino acid profile characterized by higher levels of 3-methylhistidine, alanine, arginine, ethanolamine, and glutamic acid. PF&S and control participants were discriminated based on serum concentrations of aminoadipic acid, aspartate, citrulline, cystine, taurine, and tryptophan. These findings suggest that different types of frailty may be characterized by distinct metabolic perturbations. Amino acid profiling may therefore serve as a valuable tool for frailty biomarker discovery
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