Extracción de aceite de macadamia por inmersión en solventes alcohólicos

In this study, experiments of macadamia oil extraction were performed by immersion, using a mass ratio of solid: solvent (1:20) and immersion times of 7 hours and 30 minutes, 12 and 16 hours in ethanol and isopropanol, absolute degree, in order to evaluate the performance of these solvents and compare the immersion times. For this, macadamia pressed cake was used as raw material, residual material from the extraction process by pressing, lipid content of 57.4 ± 0.7%, on dry basis. With the combination of batch extraction (three stages of contact) and subsequent immersion for 7 hours and 30 minutes, absolute isopropanol extract more oil in relation to absolute ethanol. In the immersion for 12 and 16 hours, both solvents achieve to equal the oil extraction yield (approximately 94 %), however, the oil extraction yield no increase when increasing the immersion time from 12 to 16 hours, so it is possible to infer that in 12 hours of immersion the equilibrium condition has already been reached.En el presente estudio se realizaron experimentos de extracción de aceite de macadamia por inmersión, utilizando razón masa de sólido: masa de solvente (1:20) y tiempos de inmersión de 7 horas y 30 minutos, 12 y 16 horas en etanol e isopropanol absoluto, con la finalidad de evaluar el desempeño de estos solventes alcohólicos y comparar los tiempos de inmersión. Para esto, se utilizó como materia prima la torta de macadamia, material residual del proceso de extracción por prensado, contenido de lípidos de 57.4 ± 0.7 %, en base seca. Con la combinación de la extracción por lotes (tres etapas de contacto) y la inmersión posterior durante 7 horas y 30 minutos, el isopropanol absoluto consigue extraer mayor cantidad de aceite en relación al etanol absoluto. En la inmersión por 12 y 16 horas, ambos solventes consiguen igualar el rendimiento de extracción de aceite (aproximadamente 94 %), sin embargo, el rendimiento de extracción de aceite no aumenta al aumentar el tiempo de inmersión de 12 para 16 horas, por lo que es posible inferir que en 12 horas de inmersión ya se ha alcanzado la condición de equilibrio

Leibnizian, Galilean and Newtonian structures of spacetime

The following three geometrical structures on a manifold are studied in detail: (1) Leibnizian: a non-vanishing 1-form $\Omega$ plus a Riemannian metric \h on its annhilator vector bundle. In particular, the possible dimensions of the automorphism group of a Leibnizian G-structure are characterized. (2) Galilean: Leibnizian structure endowed with an affine connection $\nabla$ (gauge field) which parallelizes $\Omega$ and \h. Fixed any vector field of observers Z ($\Omega (Z) = 1$), an explicit Koszul--type formula which reconstruct bijectively all the possible $\nabla$'s from the gravitational ${\cal G} = \nabla_Z Z$ and vorticity $\omega = rot Z/2$ fields (plus eventually the torsion) is provided. (3) Newtonian: Galilean structure with \h flat and a field of observers Z which is inertial (its flow preserves the Leibnizian structure and $\omega = 0$). Classical concepts in Newtonian theory are revisited and discussed.Comment: Minor errata corrected, to appear in J. Math. Phys.; 22 pages including a table, Late

Cell therapy in diabetes mellitus

Nesta revisão são discutidas várias alternativas de regeneração do conjunto de células produtoras de insulina do pâncreas, usando células-tronco embrionárias do cordão umbilical e adultas, e o trabalho que está sendo realizado em nosso grupo de pesquisas utilizando imunossupressão em altas doses combinada com a infusão de células-tronco hematopoéticas autólogas em diabete do tipo 1 recém-diagnosticado.In this review, we discuss several alternatives for the regeneration of the pool of insulin-producing cells by the pancreas using embryonic, cord blood or adult stem cells and the work being carried out by our research group using high dose immunosuppression with autologous hematopoietic stem cells in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus

O papel do transplante de célula-tronco hematopoética no diabetes mellitus tipo1

In this review, we present 1) scientific basis for the use of high dose immunosuppression followed by autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus, 2) an update of clinical and laboratory outcomes in 21 patients transplanted at the University Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil, including 6 relapses in patients without previous ketoacidosis and 3) a discussion of future prospectives of cellular therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus.Nesta revisão, são apresentadas: 1) as bases científicas para o uso de imunossupressão em alta dose seguida de transplante autólogo de células-tronco hematopoéticas do sangue periférico no diabete melito do tipo 1 recém-diagnosticado; 2) uma atualização da evolução clínica e laboratorial de 21 pacientes transplantados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil, incluindo recaídas em seis pacientes transplantados sem cetoacidose prévia; e 3) uma discussão das perspectivas futuras de terapia celular no diabete melito do tipo 1

Epidemiology of ovine toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in rams from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Although the State of Rio Grande do Sul is one of the principal sheep rearing regions in Brazil, the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum is unknown in rams. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ovine toxoplasmosis and neosporosis and the risk factors associated with the development of these diseases in rams used exclusively for breeding.September 23-28, 2018

Heteroreceptor complexes formed by dopamine D1, histamine H3 and N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors as targets to prevent neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder causing progressive memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. Anti-AD strategies targeting cell receptors consider them as isolated units. However, many cell surface receptors cooperate and physically contact each other forming complexes having different biochemical properties than individual receptors. We here report the discovery of dopamine D , histamine H , and N-methylD-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor heteromers in heterologous systems and in rodent brain cortex. Heteromers were detected by coimmunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assays (PLA) in the rat cortex where H receptor agonists, via negative cross-talk, and H receptor antagonists, via cross-antagonism, decreased D receptor agonist signaling determined by ERK1/2 or Akt phosphorylation and counteracted D receptormediated excitotoxic cell death. Both D and H receptor antagonists also counteracted NMDA toxicity suggesting a complex interaction between NMDA receptors and D -H receptor heteromer function. Likely due to heteromerization, H receptors act as allosteric regulator for D and NMDA receptors. By bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), we demonstrated that D or H receptors form heteromers with NR1A/NR2B NMDA receptor subunits. D -H -NMDA receptor complexes were confirmed by BRET combined with fluorescence complementation. The endogenous expression of complexes in mouse cortex was determined by PLA and similar expression was observed in wild-type and APP/PS1 mice. Consistent with allosteric receptor-receptor interactions within the complex, H receptor antagonists reduced NMDA or D receptor-mediated excitotoxic cell death in cortical organotypic cultures. Moreover, H receptor antagonists reverted the toxicity induced by ß -amyloid peptide. Thus, histamine H receptors in D -H -NMDA heteroreceptor complexes arise as promising targets to prevent neurodegeneration

Adverse effects of anxiety on attentional control differ as a function of experience: A simulated driving study

This study tested whether adverse effects of state anxiety on attention and performance may be modulated by experience. Sixteen experienced and eleven inexperienced drivers drove in a simulator under low- and high-stress conditions. Anxiety was manipulated by competition, the presence of an evaluator, external video camera, and traffic noise. Most drivers showed greater anxiety scores and higher mean heart rates following manipulation. In both groups increased state anxiety decreased car speed control and caused more collisions, accompanied by fewer fixations of longer duration towards the driving lane across a horizontally narrower region. Inexperienced drivers increased the number of short fixations towards cars, while experienced drivers increased the number of short fixations on the speedometer. Although anxiety impairs processing efficiency and performance effectiveness for both groups, attentional changes differ as a function of experience. Inexperienced drivers tended to shift attention to threatening stimuli, while experienced drives were more likely to consciously monitor task goal

Observation of two new Ξb−\Xi_b^- baryon resonances

Two structures are observed close to the kinematic threshold in the $\Xi_b^0 \pi^-$ mass spectrum in a sample of proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the LHCb experiment. In the quark model, two baryonic resonances with quark content $bds$ are expected in this mass region: the spin-parity $J^P = \frac{1}{2}^+$ and $J^P=\frac{3}{2}^+$ states, denoted $\Xi_b^{\prime -}$ and $\Xi_b^{*-}$. Interpreting the structures as these resonances, we measure the mass differences and the width of the heavier state to be $m(\Xi_b^{\prime -}) - m(\Xi_b^0) - m(\pi^{-}) = 3.653 \pm 0.018 \pm 0.006$ MeV$/c^2$, $m(\Xi_b^{*-}) - m(\Xi_b^0) - m(\pi^{-}) = 23.96 \pm 0.12 \pm 0.06$ MeV$/c^2$, $\Gamma(\Xi_b^{*-}) = 1.65 \pm 0.31 \pm 0.10$ MeV, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The width of the lighter state is consistent with zero, and we place an upper limit of $\Gamma(\Xi_b^{\prime -}) < 0.08$ MeV at 95% confidence level. Relative production rates of these states are also reported.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure