Learning network node representations from structural identity

Structural identity is a concept of symmetry in which network nodes are identified according to the network structure and their relationship to other nodes. Structural identity has been studied in theory and practice over the past decades, but only recently has it been addressed with representational learning techniques. This work presents struc2vec, a novel and flexible framework for learning latent representations for the structural identity of nodes. struc2vec uses a hierarchy to measure node similarity at different scales, and constructs a multilayer graph to encode structural similarities and generate structural context for nodes. Numerical experiments indicate that state-of-the-art techniques for learning node representations fail in capturing stronger notions of structural identity, while struc2vec exhibits much superior performance in this task, as it overcomes limitations of prior approaches. As a consequence, numerical experiments indicate that struc2vec improves performance on classification tasks that depend more on structural identity.Identidade estrutural é um conceito de simetria, no qual vértices em uma rede são identificados de acordo com a estrutura da rede e com seus relacionamentos com outros vértices. A identidade estrutural tem sido estudada na teoria e na prática durante as últimas décadas, mas, somente recentemente, técnicas para aprendizado de representações latentes vêm sendo utilizadas neste contexto. Este trabalho apresenta o struc2vec, um framework inovador e flexível, utilizado para o aprendizado de representações latentes da identidade estrutural de vértices. struc2vec usa uma hierarquia para medir a similaridade de vértices em diferentes escalas, e constrói um grafo multi-camadas para codificar similaridades estruturais e gerar contexto estrutural para vértices. Experimentos numéricos indicam que recentes técnicas para aprendizado de representações de vértices falham em capturar uma forte noção de identidade estrutural, enquanto struc2vec exibe um desempenho muito superior nestas tarefas, uma vez que supera as limitações das técnicas anteriores. Como consequência, experimentos numéricos indicam ainda que struc2vec melhora o desempenho em tarefas de classificação que dependem mais da identidade estrutural

Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured hydroxyapatite and titania for fabrication of composites

Orientador: Cecilia Amelia de Carvalho ZavagliaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecanicaResumo: A hidroxiapatita e a titânia são cerâmicas muito pesquisadas no mundo inteiro, graças às suas excelentes qualidades em diversas áreas, porém neste trabalho o foco foi a sua utilização como biomateriais. Neste trabalho é apresentada a síntese e a caracterização de hidroxiapatita e titânia nanoestruturadas e a fabricação e caracterização de compósitos a partir destes materiais. Os métodos de obtenção de hidroxiapatita foram as rotas sol-gel convencional, sol-gel com sacarose e sol-gel com glicose. Para a síntese da titânia foi utilizado um método desenvolvido no laboratório. Foram utilizados na caracterização da hidroxiapatita: difração de raios X associado com a equação de Scherrer, fluorescência de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e ensaio mecânico de compressão. Para a titânia foram utilizados os mesmos tipos de caracterização, porém com a adição da espectroscopia Raman. Os resultados foram excelentes podendo ser destacados: baixo custo dos reagentes, facilidade de realização dos processos de síntese, pequenos nanocristalitos com 52 a 100nm para hidroxiapatita e 27 a 62nm para a titânia. O compósito apresentou boa distribuição entre as partículas de hidroxiapatita e titânia e uma evidente melhora na resistência à compressão quando comparado com o pó compactado de hidroxiapatita sem reforçoAbstract: Hydroxyapatite and titania are ceramics which have been given a lot of attention around world because of their outstanding properties in multiple fields such as the one of biomaterials which is the aim of this work. The synthesis and caracterization of nanostructured hydroxyapatite and titania, for composites fabrication is presented in this work. The synthetic routes employed for the hydroxyapatite synthesis were the conventional sol-gel process, the sol-gel process with sucrose, and sol-gel process with glucose. The synthesis of titania was performed by a method developed in the laboratory. Hydroxyapatite characterization was made by: X-ray diffraction associate with the Scherrer equation, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and compression mechanical test. For titania it was used the same characterization procedures, however, they were complemented with Raman spectroscopy. From the results it could be concluded that the synthesis methods employed were efficient in obtaining nanocrystallites sized from 52 to 100nm and from 27 at 62nm for hydroxyapatite and titania, respectively. On the composite formulation hydroxyapatite and titania particles were well distributed and its mechanical resistance were higher than the one obtained by the hydroxyapatite without the titania reinforcementMestradoMateriais e Processos de FabricaçãoMestre em Engenharia Mecânic

Graph-based Approaches to Text Generation

Deep Learning advances have enabled more fluent and flexible text generation. However, while these neural generative approaches were initially successful in tasks such as machine translation, they face problems – such as unfaithfulness to the source, repetition and incoherence – when applied to generation tasks where the input is structured data, such as graphs. Generating text from graph-based data, including Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) or Knowledge Graphs (KG), is a challenging task due to the inherent difficulty of properly encoding the input graph while maintaining its original semantic structure. Previous work requires linearizing the input graph, which makes it complicated to properly capture the graph structure since the linearized representation weakens structural information by diluting the explicit connectivity, particularly when the graph structure is complex. This thesis makes an attempt to tackle these issues focusing on two major challenges: first, the creation and improvement of neural text generation systems that can better operate when consuming graph-based input data. Second, we examine text-to-text pretrained language models for graph-to-text generation, including multilingual generation, and present possible methods to adapt these models pretrained on natural language to graph-structured data. In the first part of this thesis, we investigate how to directly exploit graph structures for text generation. We develop novel graph-to-text methods with the capability of incorporating the input graph structure into the learned representations, enhancing the quality of the generated text. For AMR-to-text generation, we present a dual encoder, which incorporates different graph neural network methods, to capture complementary perspectives of the AMR graph. Next, we propose a new KG-to-text framework that learns richer contextualized node embeddings, combining global and local node contexts. We thus introduce a parameter-efficient mechanism for inserting the node connections into the Transformer architecture operating with shortest path lengths between nodes, showing strong performance while using considerably fewer parameters. The second part of this thesis focuses on pretrained language models for text generation from graph-based input data. We first examine how encoder-decoder text-to-text pretrained language models perform in various graph-to-text tasks and propose different task-adaptive pretraining strategies for improving their downstream performance. We then propose a novel structure-aware adapter method that allows to directly inject the input graph structure into pretrained models, without updating their parameters and reducing their reliance on specific representations of the graph structure. Finally, we investigate multilingual text generation from AMR structures, developing approaches that can operate in languages beyond English

Altruismo y empatía en situaciones que implican costos personales imprevisibles

This current study aimed to investigate the influence of empathic feelings on a risky altruistic behavior of young adults. 60 undergraduate students, aged between 18 and 35 years old took part in an experiment in which they had to decide in rather to give or not raffle tickets to an unfamiliar person, after participating of a gambling game. The tickets were gained after a memory quiz. 30 participants were allocated to an experimental condition named “neutral” in which they freely took their distributive decisions, and the other 30 were allocated to an “emotional” condition, in which empathic feelings were induced, by using a video. Results indicated that the participants’ sex and the experimental manipulation influenced gambling behavior, allowing the participants to be in the “emotional condition”, more prone to altruistic behavior than the participants in the “neutral” condition. Also, the men helped more in a high-cost condition than the women did. These results point that the influence of empathic concern on altruistic behavior in a situation involving risks might be mediated by the sex and the relation between these variables should be better observed in studies on distributive behavior.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la influencia de los sentimientos empáticos sobre el comportamiento altruista de jóvenes adultos. 60 estudiantes de 18 a 35 años de edad participaron de un experimento en el que tuvieron que decidir dar o no rifas a una persona desconocida, después de participar en un juego de azar. Los biletes se obtuvieron después de ganar un concurso de memoria. 30 participantes fueron asignados a una condición experimental denominada "neutral", en la cual tomaron libremente sus decisiones distributivas, y los otros 30 fueron asignados a una condición "emocional", durante la cual se indujeron sentimientos empáticos, utilizando un video. Los resultados indicaron que el sexo de los participantes y la manipulación experimental influyó en el comportamiento del juego, dejando a los participantes en la "condición emocional" más propensos al comportamiento altruista que los participantes en la condición "neutral". Además, los hombres ayudaron más en una condición de alto costo que las mujeres. Estos resultados apuntan a que la influencia de la preocupación empática sobre el comportamiento altruista en una situación que implica riesgo, podría estar mediada por el sexo y que las relaciones entre estas variables necesitan ser mejor observadas en estudios sobre el comportamiento distributivo

Epistemologias da igualdade:: Entrevistada - Magali da Silva Almeida

Magali da Silva Almeida, professora do curso de Serviço Social da UFBA, é reconhecida nacionalmente como um dos principais nomes do debate sobre questão racial no Serviço Social, e como uma das pioneiras dos estudos sobre população negra na profissão. Sua atuação é reconhecida nos espaços do movimento negro brasileiro, Magali é também memória viva dos processos de aproximação entre o Serviço Social e a questão racial, em seus aspectos políticos, culturais e epistemológicos. Atua na defesa da saúde da população negra e no movimento de mulheres negras. Desde 2010 atua no Grupo Temático de Pesquisa “Serviço Social, Relações de Exploração/Opressão de Gênero, raça/etnia e sexualidade”da Associação Brasileira de Ensino e Pesquisa em Serviço Social - ABEPSS, sendo a atual coordenadora da ênfase raça e etnia deste Grupo

Multiparentalidade

Multiparent families have been an issue for Brazilian legal doctrine for years. More recently, however, the Brazilian Supreme Court has ruled that biological and socio-affective parenthood can coexist, giving rise to various legal developments. The full impact of this decision is yet to be entirely elucidated by private law scholars. This article intends to explore the historical background that led to the consolidation of such institute, highlighting the value of socio-affection in family relationships. It then seeks to investigate the direct consequences of recognizing multiparenthood, especially those resulting from the succession of the ascendants in the particular hypothesis of a competing survivor spouse.A multiparentalidade, há anos abordada pela doutrina pátria, bem como, mais recentemente, admitida pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, dá ensejo a uma série de desdobramentos no universo jurídico. Esses efeitos, contudo, ainda não se encontram devidamente elucidados, em toda sua profundidade, pela seara do direito. Partindo dessa constatação, o presente artigo pretende resgatar antecedentes históricos que levaram à consolidação de tal instituto, destacando o valor da socioafetividade no campo das relações familiares. Na sequência, busca-se, sob as perspectivas principiológica e jurisprudencial, investigar as consequências diretas do reconhecimento da multiparentalidade, mormente aquelas resultantes da sucessão dos ascendentes, na hipótese específica de concorrência com eventual cônjuge supérstite

Impact of physical exercise in cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in post-menopausal women / Impacto do exercício físico nos parâmetros cardiovasculares e metabólicos em mulheres na pós-menopausa

Backgound: understanding how physical exercise changes vascular and metabolic health of women with hormonal changes resulting from the menopausal period is essential for better discernment of therapeutic anti-sedentary indications. Besides that, the effects of physical exercise in post-menopause women is not entirely understood.Objectives: the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of physical exercise on specific parameters in post-menopause women’s cardiovascular and metabolic health.Design: a total of 31 participants, assisted in a primary health care were included. Twenty (20) women from a program promoted by the health service were assigned to the physically active group (AG), in which they performed many types of exercise, including stretching, aerobic and resistance training of varying intensities. Eleven (11) women on the control group (CG) were recruited at the same service and attended the institution for other ends related to their health.Results: arterial pressure had a significant diference between AG adn CG: mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the AG was 111±6mmHg versus 118mmHg in the CG; mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 71mmHg in the AG versus 82mmHg in the CG. The fact that the majority of women in the AG (60%) had more than 8 years of formal education versus 37% in the CG drew attention. In both groups, most women had less than 3 children. Most women in the CG reported formal work while domestic work prevailed in the AG. Despite this, per capita income showed no difference.Conclusion: blood pressure, an important cardiovascular risk factor, is significantly lower in post-menopause women that practised regular physical exercises; in addition, socioeconomic factors is very close influencer in physical exercise engagement. Other studies are necessary to evaluate more cardiovascular variables.Backgound: understanding how physical exercise changes vascular and metabolic health of women with hormonal changes resulting from the menopausal period is essential for better discernment of therapeutic anti-sedentary indications. Besides that, the effects of physical exercise in post-menopause women is not entirely understood.Objectives: the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of physical exercise on specific parameters in post-menopause women’s cardiovascular and metabolic health.Design: a total of 31 participants, assisted in a primary health care were included. Twenty (20) women from a program promoted by the health service were assigned to the physically active group (AG), in which they performed many types of exercise, including stretching, aerobic and resistance training of varying intensities. Eleven (11) women on the control group (CG) were recruited at the same service and attended the institution for other ends related to their health.Results: arterial pressure had a significant diference between AG adn CG: mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the AG was 111±6mmHg versus 118mmHg in the CG; mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 71mmHg in the AG versus 82mmHg in the CG. The fact that the majority of women in the AG (60%) had more than 8 years of formal education versus 37% in the CG drew attention. In both groups, most women had less than 3 children. Most women in the CG reported formal work while domestic work prevailed in the AG. Despite this, per capita income showed no difference.Conclusion: blood pressure, an important cardiovascular risk factor, is significantly lower in post-menopause women that practised regular physical exercises; in addition, socioeconomic factors is very close influencer in physical exercise engagement. Other studies are necessary to evaluate more cardiovascular variables

A Decade of Emergence: The BRICS’ Institutional Densification Process

The article aims at presenting a discussion about the processes of institutionalization and the expansion of the BRICS through its eight summits. Two issue areas will be emphasised: (i) international political economy – particularly international development – and (ii) international security. The hypothesis is that the BRICS forum has passed through an institutional densification process – see the New Development Bank and the Contingent Reserve Agreement. In such a process, despite the increasing relevance of international security issues, this occurs because of the geopolitical transformation of contemporary capitalism. In such a context, there are different patterns of institutional densification directly related to the role of the BRICS in the world order