Composición de ácidos grasos de la carne de capones de raza Mos y estirpes comerciales sacrificados a diferentes edades

Se ha estudiado la influencia de la raza [Mos (raza española autóctona), Sasso T-44 y X-44 (estirpes comerciales)] y la edad (5, 6, 7 y 8 meses) de los capones (gallos castrados) en la composición de ácidos grasos de la carne de la pechuga y del muslo. La carne de los capones de raza Mos presentó menor concentración de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y mayor de poliinsaturados que la carne de las otras razas. Además, dichos capones mostraron mayor contenido de los ácidos margárico (C17:0) y esteárico (C18:0) que las estirpes comerciales; sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas entre las distintas razas en el total de ácidos grasos saturados. La carne de los animales más jóvenes mostró menor concentración de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y mayor de poliinsaturados que la de los animales de mayor edad. Sin embargo, la edad influyó menos que la razaThe influence of the breed [Mos (Spanish indigenous breed), Sasso T-44 and X-44 (commercial strains)] and the age (5, 6, 7 and 8 months) of capons (castrated male cockerels) on the fatty acid compositions of breast and drumstick meat were studied. The meat of the Mos capons showed lower contents of monounsaturated fatty acids and higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids than those of the other breeds. In addition, the Mos breed showed higher contents of margaric acid (C17:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) as compared to the commercial strains; however, no significant effects of breed were observed in the total contents of saturated fatty acids in the meat. The meat of the youngest animals showed lower contents of monounsaturated fatty acids and higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids than that of the older ones. Nevertheless, the effect of age was less important than the effect of breedThis study was financially supported by project PGIDIT04RAG012E [Consellería de Innovación, Industria e Comercio da Xunta de Galicia and Asociación de Criadores de Capón de Vilalba]S

Conservación de la conectividad del paisaje forestal bajo diferentes escenarios de cambio en las cubiertas del suelo

Managing forest landscapes to sustain functional connectivity is considered one of the key strategies to counteract the negative effects of climate and human-induced changes in forest species pools. With this objective, we evaluated whether a robust network of forest connecting elements can be identified so that it remains efficient when facing different types of potential land cover changes that may affect forest habitat networks and ecological fluxes. For this purpose we considered changes both in the forested areas and in the non-forest intervening landscape matrix. We combined some of the most recent developments in graph theory with models of land cover permeability and least-cost analysis through the forest landscape. We focused on a case of study covering the habitat of a forestdwelling bird (nuthatch, Sitta europaea) in the region of Galicia (NW Spain). Seven land-use change scenarios were analysed for their effects on connecting forest elements (patches and links): one was the simplest case in which the landscape is represented as a binary forest/non-forest pattern (and where matrix heterogeneity is disregarded), four scenarios in which forest lands were converted to other cover types (to scrubland due to wildfires, to extensive and intensive agriculture, and to urban areas), and two scenarios that only involved changes in the non-forested matrix (renaturalization and intensification). Our results show that while the network of connecting elements for the species was very robust to the conversion of the forest habitat patches to different cover types, the different change scenarios in the landscape matrix could more significantly weaken its long-term validity and effectiveness. This is particularly the case when most of the key connectivity providers for the nuthatch are located outside the protected areas or public forests in Galicia, where biodiversity-friendly measures might be more easily implemented. We discuss how the methodology can be applied to a wide range of forest landscape management situations, where both the conservation of the forest critical areas and an adequate management of the landscape matrix between them are of concern to achieve the sustainability of the ecological flows and ecosystem services at the wider forest landscape scale.La gestión de los bosques para mantener la conectividad ecológica se considera una de las estrategias clave para contrarrestar los efectos negativos provocados por el cambio climático y de los usos del suelo sobre las especies forestales. Con este objetivo, en este estudio evaluamos la posibilidad de identificar una red de elementos conectores forestales que sea robusta y eficiente ante cambios potenciales en las cubiertas del suelo que puedan afectar a las redes landde hábitats forestales y a los flujos ecológicos entre ellos. Para ello, consideramos cambios tanto en las áreas de bosque como en la matriz no arbolada del paisaje. Combinamos algunos desarrollos recientes en teoría de grafos con modelos de permeabilidad del paisaje forestal y análisis de mínimo coste. Centramos nuestro caso de estudio en el hábitat de un ave forestal (trepador azul, Sitta europaea) en Galicia (NO España). Analizamos siete escenarios de cambios de uso del suelo según sus efectos en los elementos conectores (teselas y enlaces): uno (el caso más simple) en el que el paisaje se representó como un patrón binario de bosque/no bosque (sin considerar la heterogeneidad de la matriz), cuatro escenarios en los que las teselas de bosque se transformaron en otros tipos de cubierta del suelo (matorral debido a incendios, agricultura extensiva e intensiva y zonas urbanas), y dos escenarios en los que los cambios se produjeron tan solo en la matriz no arbolada (renaturalización e intensificación). Nuestros resultados muestran que a pesar de que la red de elementos conectores para esta especie fue eficiente frente a la conversión de las teselas de hábitat forestal en diferentes tipos de cubierta, los cambios en la matriz del paisaje podrían debilitar considerablemente su validez y eficacia a largo plazo. Este es especialmente el caso dado que la mayor parte de los elementos conectores clave para el trepador azul están localizados fuera de las zonas protegidas o de los montes de utilidad pública en Galicia, donde las medidas para la conservación de la biodiversidad forestal podrían implementarse con mayor facilidad. Discutimos cómo esta metodología puede aplicarse en un amplio rango de escenarios de gestión del paisaje forestal, en los que tanto la conservación de las teselas de hábitat forestal críticas como un manejo adecuado de la matriz situada entre las mismas son de interés para conseguir la sostenibilidad de los flujos ecológicos y de los servicios de los ecosistemas en las escalas amplias en las que operan dichos procesos

Emotional intelligence vs. general intelligence: Aspects to consider in teaching

The main objective of this study was to analyze the way in which emotional competencies (EI) in students are linked to general intelligence (IQ), and how the crossing of the two measurements determines their academic performance. To conduct this research, two tests were applied. First, the TEIQue (Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire) assessment was administered and, secondly, the R scale of the PMA Test (Primary Mental Abilities). The sample consisted of 58 university students between 18 and 51 years old, of which 76% are women and 24% are men. The results show that there is no direct relationship between emotional intelligence and general intelligence. However, it is important to consider the size of the sample, since it presents limitations when interpreting the results. Nonetheless, an interesting finding is the interaction discovered between a performance indicator, such as the selectivity score, and the overall EI score. These results are in line with those found by Schutte et al. (1998). This result is even more significant, if possible, when realizing the selectivity score showed a negative correlation (inverse relationship) with the score on the PMA- R (Reasoning) test.--------------------Inteligencia emocional vs. inteligencia general: Aspectos a considerar en la docenciaResumenLa presente investigación tiene como principal objetivo analizar el modo en el que las competencias emocionales (IE) de los estudiantes se vinculan con su inteligencia general (IQ) y cómo del cruce de ambas medidas determinan su rendimiento académico. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación, se suministraron dos cuestionarios a estudiantes de la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Concretamente, los estudiantes cumplimentaron el cuestionario TEIQue (Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire) para la medición de la Inteligencia emocional y la escala R del Test PMA (Primary Mental Abilities) para la valoración del factor de razonamiento. La muestra está compuesta por 58 alumnos universitarios con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 51 años, de los cuales el 76% son mujeres y el 24% son hombres. Los resultados de esta investigación, aunque no han permitido establecer una vinculación clara entre Inteligencia Emocional e Inteligencia General, han permitido vislumbrar algunas tendencias que relacionan las sub-escalas del cuestionario TEIQue con el factor razonamiento de los estudiantes. A través de esta relación, se han podido establecer perfiles y, a partir de ellos, se han identificado las metodologías docentes más adecuadas para mejorar los resultados académicos de los estudiantes.DOI: 10.18870/hlrc.v4i1.199PDF document contains both the original in Spanish and an English translation

Estudio experimental de procesos de calentamiento y enfriamiento. Resultados e implicaciones didácticas

A detailed experimental study on different processes of heating and cooling allows to deduce that temperature variation, in these processes, in the course of time is not always the same, but it depends, to a great extent, on how the process is carried out. So to confuse the T-Q relations (always lineal) wirth T-t relations (dependent on the process) is a mistake that is necessary to avoid in our classes

Impact of successive spring frosts on leaf phenology and radial growth in three deciduous tree species with contrasting climate requirements in central Spain

Rear-edge tree populations forming the equatorward limit of distribution of temperate species are assumed to be more adapted to climate variability than central (core) populations. However, climate is expected to become more variable and the frequency of climate extremes is forecasted to increase. Climatic extreme events such as heat waves, dry spells and spring frosts could become more frequent, and negatively impact and jeopardize rear-edge stands. To evaluate these ideas, we analyzed the growth response of trees to successive spring frosts in a mixed forest, where two temperate deciduous species, Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (sessile oak), both at their southernmost edge, coexist with the Mediterranean Quercus pyrenaica Willd. (Pyrenean oak). Growth reductions in spring-frost years ranked across species as F. sylvatica > Q. petraea > Q. pyrenaica. Leaf flushing occurred earlier in F. sylvatica and later in Q. pyrenaica, suggesting that leaf phenology was a strong determinant of spring frost damage and stem growth reduction. The frost impact depended on prior climate conditions, since warmer days prior to frost occurrence predisposed to frost damage. Autumn Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data showed delayed leaf senescence in spring-frost years and subsequent years as compared with pre-frost years. In the studied forest, the negative impact of spring frosts on Q. petraea and especially on F. sylvatica growth, was considerably higher than the impacts due to drought. The succession of four spring frosts in the last two decades determined a trend of decreasing resistance of radial growth to frosts in F. sylvatica. The increased frequency of spring frosts might prevent the expansion and persistence of F. sylvatica in this rear-edge Mediterranean population

The fight for accretion: discovery of intermittent mass transfer in BB Doradus in the low state

Our long-term photometric monitoring of southern nova-like cataclysmic variables with the 1.3-m SMARTS telescope found BB Doradus fading from V ~ 14.3 towards a deep low state at V ~ 19.3 in April 2008. Here we present time-resolved optical spectroscopy of BB Dor in this faint state in 2009. The optical spectrum in quiescence is a composite of a hot white dwarf with Teff = 30000 +- 5000 K and a M3-4 secondary star with narrow emission lines (mainly of the Balmer series and HeI) superposed. We associate these narrow profiles with an origin on the donor star. Analysis of the radial velocity curve of the H-alpha emission from the donor star allowed the measurement of an orbital period of 0.154095 +- 0.000003 d (3.69828 +- 0.00007 h), different from all previous estimates. We detected episodic accretion events which veiled the spectra of both stars and radically changed the line profiles within a timescale of tens of minutes. This shows that accretion is not completely quenched in the low state. During these accretion episodes the line wings are stronger and their radial velocity curve is delayed by ~ 0.2 cycle, similar to that observed in SW Sex and AM Her stars in the high state, with respect to the motion of the white dwarf. Two scenarios are proposed to explain the extra emission: impact of the material on the outer edge of a cold, remnant accretion disc, or the combined action of a moderately magnetic white dwarf (B1 <~ 5 MG) and the magnetic activity of the donor star.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted by MNRA

The kinematics of the quadrupolar nebula M1-75 and the identification of its central star

The link between the shaping of bipolar planetary nebulae and their central stars is still poorly understood. The kinematics and shaping of the multipolar nebula M 1-75 are hereby investigated, and the location and nature of its central star are briefly discussed. Fabry-Perot data from GHaFAS on the WHT sampling the Doppler shift of the [N II] 658.3 nm line are used to study the dynamics of the nebula, by means of a detailed 3-D spatio-kinematical model. Multi-wavelength images and spectra from the WFC and IDS on the INT, and from ACAM on the WHT, allowed us to constrain the parameters of the central star. The two pairs of lobes, angularly separated by ~22 degrees, were ejected simultaneously approx. ~3500-5000 years ago, at the adopted distance range from 3.5 to 5.0 kpc. The larger lobes show evidence of a slight degree of point symmetry. The shaping of the nebula could be explained by wind interaction in a system consisting of a post-AGB star surrounded by a disc warped by radiative instabilities. This requires the system to be a close binary or a single star which engulfed a planet as it died. On the other hand, we present broad- and narrow-band images and a low S/N optical spectrum of the highly-reddened, previously unnoticed star which is likely the nebular progenitor. Its estimated V-I colour allows us to derive a rough estimate of the parameters and nature of the central star.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Calidad higiénico-sanitaria de la leche, una prioridad para los productores

Background: Higher hygienic-sanitary quality of milk is a priority for farmers. However, the fulfillment of this goal could be affected due to several aspects that influence its indicators, from production on dairy farms to conservation, and transport to the industry. Aim. To provide state of the art scientific information about the importance of meeting quality hygiene and sanitary parameters in milk, and the factors related to production. Methods: A review of recent bibliography on the importance of milk in human nutrition, hygienic-sanitary quality, and the main conditioning factors, especially mastitis, was made. Development: Milk is an important food in terms of nutrition, so its quality and safety must be ensured. Among the factors that modify its hygienic-sanitary quality are proper application of milking routines, hygiene, conservation conditions, transportation, and the presence of mastitis in herds. Conclusions: Milk is an essential product in the diet of humans due to its nutritional value; hence, meeting proper hygiene and sanitary parameters that ensure safety and harmlessness is a priority for farmers. Among the main factors that can deteriorate these indicators are management of hygienic conditions of production, and the presence of mastitis.&nbsp; &nbsp; Key words: milking, mastitis, milking hygiene, harmlessness (Source MeSH)Antecedentes: El incremento de la calidad higiénico-sanitaria de la leche es una prioridad para los productores. Sin embargo, el logro de este propósito puede afectarse debido a los diversos factores que influyen en sus indicadores y que abarcan desde la producción de este alimento en las vaquerías hasta su conservación y traslado hacia la industria. Objetivo. Proporcionar información científica actualizada sobre la importancia de lograr adecuados parámetros de calidad higiénico-sanitaria en la leche y los factores que influyen en ella. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica acerca de la importancia de la leche en la alimentación de la población, su calidad higiénico-sanitaria y los principales factores que la condicionan, con énfasis en la mastitis. Desarrollo: La leche es un alimento importante en la nutrición y debe garantizarse su calidad e inocuidad. Entre los factores que modifican su calidad higiénica-sanitaria se destacan la aplicación correcta de la rutina de ordeño, la higiene, las condiciones de conservación, traslado y la presencia de mastitis en los rebaños. Conclusiones: La leche es un producto esencial en la dieta del hombre, debido a su valor nutricional, por lo que alcanzar adecuados parámetros en su calidad higiénico-sanitaria que garanticen su seguridad e inocuidad es una prioridad para sus productores. Entre los principales factores que pueden influir en el deterioro de estos indicadores se destacan el manejo, las condiciones higiénicas en las que se produce y la presencia de mastitis en los rebaños.&nbsp; Palabras clave: ordeño, mastitis, higiene del ordeño, inocuidad (Fuente: MeSH

Simultaneous Surface Plasmon Resonance and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

We present here an experimental set-up to perform simultaneously measurements of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in a synchrotron beamline. The system allows measuring in situ and in real time the effect of X-ray irradiation on the SPR curves to explore the interaction of X-rays with matter. It is also possible to record XAS spectra while exciting SPR in order to detect the changes in the electronic configuration of thin films induced by the excitation of surface plasmons. Combined experiments recording simultaneously SPR and XAS curves while scanning different parameters can be carried out. The relative variations in the SPR and XAS spectra that can be detected with this set-up ranges from 10-3 to 10-5, depending on the particular experiment