Culpa, miedo y vergüenza : las emociones de la violencia (El caso de violencia contra la pareja y/o ex -pareja)

Las mujeres que padecen violencia de su (ex) pareja experimentan diversas emociones, que a su vez, se ven reforzadas o modificadas cuando las mujeres entran en contacto con el sistema penal. En este trabajo se analizan los vínculos entre sistema penal y emociones, de forma particular, la culpa, la vergüenza y el miedo. Así mismo, se indaga en qué medida esta situación incide en el ejercicio del derecho de acceso a la justicia de las mujeres. Para alcanzar este objetivo se analiza un conjunto de entrevistas a mujeres que padecieron violencia de su ex pareja y que por tal motivo tuvieron alguna experiencia con el sistema penal.Women battered by their (ex) partner experience different emotions, at the same time, these emotions are reinforced or modified when women contact with the criminal justice system. The aim of this paper is: to analyze the links between the criminal system and three particular emotions, guilt, shame and fear; also, to investigate how this situation affects the women right of access to justice. To achieve this objective is analyzed a set of interviews with battered women by their (ex) partner

Mujeres maltratadas en los juzgados : la etnografía como método para entender el derecho "en acción"

En este estudio se analiza el desarrollo del derecho de acceso a la justicia de mujeres que denunciaron violencia de su pareja y/o ex pareja y que llevaron adelante el proceso judicial. El acercamiento a este objeto de estudio se realizó a través de una observación etnográfica llevada a cabo en los juzgados especializados de violencia contra las mujeres de la ciudad de Barcelona. Como resultados de la investigación, entre otras cuestiones, se destaca cómo las prácticas jurídicas de los/as operadores/as del sistema penal incidieron negativamente en algunos derechos de las mujeres. Particularmente, se constataron vulneraciones en lo que respecta al derecho a la información, a la formación especializada en violencia de género de los/as profesionales, y también se documentaron "resistencias" a indagar en torno a la violencia habitual. Asímismo, pudo comprobarse que las víctimas están lejos de ser tratadas como protagonistas del proceso penal y que reciben un trato que no protege su dignidad.This paper analyses the development of the right to access justice by women who brought a claim of violence by their partner and/or ex-partner and who went to court. The approach to this subject of study was carried out by means of ethnographic observation at specialised courts dealing with violence against women in the city of Barcelona. As a result of the research, amongst others, it is highlighted how the judicial practices by the operators of the criminal system had a negative impact on some of the rights of the women. In particular, the following was detected and documented: infringement of the right of information, lack of specialised training by the law professionals, 'resistance' to investigate further around regular violence. Likewise, it was verified that victims, far from being the protagonists of the criminal process, receive a treatment that does not protect their dignity

Mujeres maltratadas en los juzgados: la etnografía como método para entender el derecho “en acción”

This paper analyses the development of the right to access justice by women who brought a claim of violence by their partner and/or ex-partner and who went to court. The approach to this subject of study was carried out by means of ethnographic observation at specialised courts dealing with violence against women in the city of Barcelona. As a result of the research, amongst others, it is highlighted how the judicial practices by the operators of the criminal system had a negative impact on some of the rights of the women. In particular, the following was detected and documented: infringement of the right of information, lack of specialised training by the law professionals, ‘resistance’ to investigate further around regular violence. Likewise, it was verified that victims, far from being the protagonists of the criminal process, receive a treatment that does not protect their dignity.En este estudio se analiza el desarrollo del derecho de acceso a la justicia de mujeres que denunciaron violencia de su pareja y/o ex pareja y que llevaron adelante el proceso judicial. El acercamiento a este objeto de estudio se realizó a través de una observación etnográfica llevada a cabo en los juzgados especializados de violencia contra las mujeres de la ciudad de Barcelona. Como resultados de la investigación, entre otras cuestiones, se destaca cómo las prácticas jurídicas de los/as operadores/as del sistema penal incidieron negativamente en algunos derechos de las mujeres. Particularmente, se constataron vulneraciones en lo que respecta al derecho a la información, a la formación especializada en violencia de género de los/as profesionales, y también se documentaron “resistencias” a indagar en torno a la violencia habitual. Asímismo, pudo comprobarse que las víctimas están lejos de ser tratadas como protagonistas del proceso penal y que reciben un trato que no protege su dignidad

Guilt, fear and shame: the emotions of violence (The case of violence against partner and/or ex partner)

Las mujeres que padecen violencia de su (ex) pareja experimentan diversas emociones, que a su vez, se ven reforzadas o modificadas cuando las mujeres entran en contacto con el sistema penal. En este trabajo se analizan los vínculos entre sistema penal y emociones, de forma particular, la culpa, la vergüenza y el miedo. Así mismo, se indaga en qué medida esta situación incide en el ejercicio del derecho de acceso a la justicia de las mujeres. Para alcanzar este objetivo se analiza un conjunto de entrevistas a mujeres que padecieron violencia de su ex pareja y que por tal motivo tuvieron alguna experiencia con el sistema penal.Women battered by their (ex) partner experience different emotions, at the same time, these emotions are reinforced or modified when women contact with the criminal justice system. The aim of this paper is: to analyze the links between the criminal system and three particular emotions, guilt, shame and fear; also, to investigate how this situation affects the women right of access to justice. To achieve this objective is analyzed a set of interviews with battered women by their (ex) partner.Este trabajo se desarrolló en el marco de las actividades del proyecto de investigación I+D+i, “El derecho de acceso a la igualdad: el caso de la violencia de género”, subvencionado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; no. de referencia: DER 2011-27532

Supercapacitor modified with methylene blue as redox active electrolyte

MWCNT-based supercapacitors (SC) containing methylene blue (MB) as redox active electrolyte were studied. MWCNTs were employed as model of electrode active material due to their ideal double-layer behavior facilitates the investigation of the energy storage mechanisms involved. MB led to a cell capacitance enhancement equal to 4.5 times the original cell capacitance of MWCNTs in sulphuric acid with a capacitance reduction of only 12% after 6000 charge–discharge cycles. The potential evolution of each electrode during galvanostatic cycling revealed that MB redox reaction develops in both electrodes simultaneously in the voltage range of 0–0.104 V and that this is the main cause of cell capacitance enhancement. Beyond this voltage range, the Faradaic contribution from the MB redox reaction decreases because the anode behaves as a capacitative electrode with a rather reduced charge-capacity due to the small surface area of MWCNTs. By means of a modified assembly composed of a Nafion membrane and MB and sulfuric acid solutions located in the cathode and anode compartments, respectively, it was demonstrated the limiting role of the capacitative electrode in the cell charge-capacity in this type of hybrid devices.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the MICINN (Project MAT2010-20601-C02-01). Silvia Roldán thanks MICINN for a FPI predoctoral research grant.Peer reviewe

Hacia el desarrollo de un framework para el diseño de Sistemas Infotainment Automotrices: Primeras aproximaciones contextuales

The objective of this article was to establish the first contextual approaches for the development of a framework focused on the design of automotive infotainment systems. Therefore, a method was developed to identify a group of characteristics of the infotainment system interfaces that ensure a good user experience by the user, according to previous studies. Besides, the establishment of usability is proposed as a basis for the development of the tool.El objetivo de este artículo fue establecer las primeras aproximaciones contextuales para el desarrollo de un framework enfocado en el diseño de sistemas Infotainment automotrices. Por lo cual, se desarrolló un método para la identificación de un grupo de características de las interfaces de sistemas Infotainment que aseguren una buena experiencia de uso por parte del usuario, de acuerdo con estudios previos. Además, se plantea la usabilidad como base para el desarrollo de la herramienta

Análisis de componentes de los modelos de madurez

Existen distintos modelos de calidad de software los cuales permiten que las industrias puedan contar con diferentes alternativas para la mejora continua de sus procesos de calidad. Tomando en cuenta que los modelos tienen el mismo objetivo, este artículo identifica los componentes genéricos de los modelos de madurez analizando para ello los componentes (elementos por ejemplo como: áreas de procesos, categorías, prácticas sugeridas, etc.) de seis modelos de madurez representativos que son CMMI (Modelo de Madurez de Capacidades), Moprosoft, BOOTSTRAP, y los estándares ISO/IEC 90003, ISO/IEC 29110, ISO/IEC 15504. Estos componentes nos llevan a definir la estructura de un modelo genérico propuesto. Luego se ejemplifica la inserción de los componentes específicos de cada modelo dentro del modelo genérico. Este modelo genérico permite comparar y analizar los componentes específicos de cualquier modelo de madurez y será principalmente de utilidad para sistematizar la implementación de los modelos de madurez dentro de un proceso de mejora

PCA and Parellel SVM to Optimize the Diagnostic of Breast Cancer Based on Raman Spectroscopy

Breast cancer is one of the most deadly diseases in the world; therefore, rapid automated detection of breast cancer in patients is a relevant step in initiating appropriate treatment. In this paper we present a method that optimizes the response time in the automated detection of breast cancer in which a Raman signal is classified as coming from a healthy tissue biopsy or a damaged tissue biopsy. To carry out the detection, we applied Multivariate Component Analysis (PCA) in conjunction with a Classifier (Vector Support Machine (SVM)) in Parallel and from this methods we obtained high correct detection rates, corroborated when comparing the results of the classifier against previous tissue classifications performed by an expert pathologist. We believe that our approach can be applied to other organs of the body where timely detection and classification of cancer can be difficult and of prognostic relevance, such as stomach and pancreas, among others

Comparison between electrochemical capacitors based on NaOH and KOH activated carbons

This work describes the chemical activation of a coke using two different activating agents to investigate their behavior as electrodes in supercapacitors. A coke was chemically activated with two hydroxides (KOH and NaOH) under nitrogen flow, at a constant mass hydroxide/coke ratio of 2 and temperatures of 600, 650, and 700 °C. All of the samples were characterized in terms of porosity by N2 sorption at 77 K, surface chemistry by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and electrical conductivity. Their electrochemical behavior as electric double-layer capacitors was determined using galvanostatic, voltammetric, and impedance spectroscopy techniques in an aqueous medium with 1 M H2SO4 as the electrolyte. Large differences in capacitive behavior with the increase in the current density were found between the two series of activated samples. The different trends were correlated with the results obtained from the TPD analysis of the CO-type oxygen groups. It was found that these oxygen groups make a positive contribution to capacitance, finding a good correlation between the specific capacitance values, and the amount of these oxygen groups was found for both series.This work was supported by the MICIN (Project MAT2007-61467).Peer reviewe

Removal of Te and Se anions in alkaline media in presence of cyanide by quaternary ammonium salts

Precious metals are currently associated with selenium (naumannite, Ag2Se) and tellurium (calaverite, AuTe2; sylvanite, (Au,Ag)2Te4) to form species refractory to cyanidation. The aim of this preliminary work was to study the use of the solvent extraction technique to recover tellurium and selenium ions from a synthetic solution similar to the cyanidation effluents to recycle the free cyanide back to the process. For the extraction of the Se and Te anions, the use of quaternary amines as extractants was evaluated (tallow trimethyl ammonium chloride, Quartamin TPR; hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, Amine F; and trioctyl methyl ammonium chloride, Aliquat 336) employing nonylphenol as a modifier in the organic phase (iso-octane). The results obtained showed that the extraction was strongly affected by the pH and that it was possible to recover up to 83% of Se and 10% of Te with Quartamin TPR from two synthetic solutions containing 23 mg/L of Te and 20 mg/L of Se with a molar cyanide:metal ratio of 1:4 at pH 11, a ratio of aqueous/organic (A/O) = 1 (V/V) and an extractant concentration of 0.022 mol/L. A maximum distribution coefficient (D) of 4.97 was obtained at pH 11. The McCabe-Thiele diagram indicates that two theoretical extraction stages are necessary to obtain a good extraction of Se complexes using Quartamin TPR.Precious metals are currently associated with selenium (naumannite, Ag2Se) and tellurium (calaverite, AuTe2; sylvanite, (Au,Ag)2Te4) to form species refractory to cyanidation. The aim of this preliminary work was to study the use of the solvent extraction technique to recover tellurium and selenium ions from a synthetic solution similar to the cyanidation effluents to recycle the free cyanide back to the process. For the extraction of the Se and Te anions, the use of quaternary amines as extractants was evaluated (tallow trimethyl ammonium chloride, Quartamin TPR; hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, Amine F; and trioctyl methyl ammonium chloride, Aliquat 336) employing nonylphenol as a modifier in the organic phase (iso-octane). The results obtained showed that the extraction was strongly affected by the pH and that it was possible to recover up to 83% of Se and 10% of Te with Quartamin TPR from two synthetic solutions containing 23 mg/L of Te and 20 mg/L of Se with a molar cyanide:metal ratio of 1:4 at pH 11, a ratio of aqueous/organic (A/O) = 1 (V/V) and an extractant concentration of 0.022 mol/L. A maximum distribution coefficient (D) of 4.97 was obtained at pH 11. The McCabe-Thiele diagram indicates that two theoretical extraction stages are necessary to obtain a good extraction of Se complexes using Quartamin TPR