Calculation of the Risk of Lawsuits over Construction Flaws in Flat Roofs

In order to achieve sustainability objectives in the use of a building, its elements’ operating problems should be minimized. From this premise, a total of 497 cases related to construction flaws in flat roofs were analyzed in this research. A matrix was developed indicating the risk of lawsuits by owners according to the degree of nuisance resulting from the construction flaws studied, their technical importance, and the type of pathological origin. Based on these factors, it is possible to predict a greater or lesser probability of an owner filing a lawsuit—risk factor (F). A wide range was found for this probability, with the largest value being 865 times greater than the smallest value. The value of F was divided into 5 categories to classify the diverse results obtained and determine the number of cases and interrelations ascribed to each category. Additionally, the level of presence of said cases was calculated through the analysis of 3 di erent demographic aspects, it being noted that a greater purchasing power and a higher concentration of urban population lead to more stringent requirements and, subsequently, to a greater number of lawsuits. With all these results, building quality can be improved while resulting in greater constructive-financial sustainability and in a reduction of the economic resources required of society (fewer lawsuits and associated human resources)

Modelo de gestión para control de calidad en edificación

Al adentrarse en el ámbito del control de calidad para edificios de nueva planta en España se percibe una fuerte dispersión en los patrones organizativos, donde además los planteamientos actuales no siempre parecen completar su misión decisiva en pro de un producto de calidad. El presente trabajo busca mejorar ese marco y propone un modelo de referencia eficiente en la gestión del control, mediante la integración óptima de factores condicionantes y funciones operativas. Para ello se parte, por un lado, de fuentes especializadas que aportan los fundamentos teóricos y las herramientas básicas. De otra parte la investigación tiene un apoyo crucial en la realidad, a través del estudio empírico de 153 expedientes de control de calidad, la realización de consultas a 17 expertos del sector así como la experiencia en la materia del equipo de trabajo. El proceso se completa con la adecuación de las técnicas Delphi y QFD, unida a un análisis matemático avanzado mediante Lógica Difusa, generándose así el modelo y su comparador con otras actuaciones

Adaptive Thermal Comfort Potential in Mediterranean Office Buildings: A Case Study of Torre Sevilla

The design and construction of buildings is currently subject to a growing set of requirements concerning sustainability and energy efficiency. This paper shows a case study of the Torre Sevilla skyscraper, located in the city of Seville (in the south of Spain), which has high-tech energy-efficient features and which uses air-conditioning systems during most of its operating hours. The analysis carried out starts from a simulation in which occupants’ thermal comfort are obtained, based on the adaptive comfort model defined in the standard EN 15251:2007. With this approach, it is possible to determine the number of hours during operation in which the building has adequate comfort conditions only with the help of the envelope and natural ventilation. Consequently, the remaining useful hours require the use of air-conditioning systems. The results show that it is possible to improve the thermal performance of the building due to its location in the Mediterranean climate. To do this, advanced mixed mode (through manual-opening or mechanically-controlled opening windows) and active air-conditioning are suggested. This experimental proposal provides a reduction of the occupation hours which require the use of air-conditioning equipment by 28.57%, reducing the air-conditioning demand and, consequently, the energy consumption of the building

Patents Analysis of Thermal Bridges in Slab Fronts and Their Effect on Energy Demand

Nowadays, the building sector is one of the main sources emitting pollutant gases to the atmosphere due to its deficient energy behaviour. Among the elements of the envelope, the thermal bridges are where the heat losses and gains mainly occur, depending on the season of the year. To reduce the effect of the thermal bridges, there are different patented technologies which give provide solutions. In this paper, the thermal behaviour of five patented slab front (slab-façade) thermal bridges are analysed in a case study located in the south of Spain. Moreover, the influence of the thermal bridge on the energy demand from the building analysed was evaluated, both in the current scenario and future ones (2020, 2050 and 2080). The results reveal that the use of the patents in slab fronts can mean reductions by up to 95.74% in the linear thermal transmittance. Likewise, due to the improvement of the thermal bridge of slab fronts by using the patented designs which offered the best features, a savings in the global energy demand for heating higher than 18% as well as a savings in the global energy demand for cooling higher than 2.80% could be achieved in all the time scenarios considered

Cataloguing of the defects existing in aluminium window frames and their recurrence according to pluvio-climatic zones

The sustainability of building envelopes is affected by its windows, since these establish the connection/separation between the indoor rooms and the external environment. They can also lead to problems if they do not offer sufficient protection against external agents. The data source in this research is unprecedented, as it is based on records of court sentences. There is a significant number of cases (1615), which provides high representativeness for the functional reality of windows. The methodology that was developed classifies the defects and the causes that were found, also analysing correspondence with their recurrence according to aspects of climatological location. In the results, the cases pertaining to water infiltration, air permeability and humidity by condensation are highlighted. This study provides a vision that categorizes problems related to aluminium windows that may be useful for future interventions by agents participating in the construction process.MUSAAT Foundatio

Análisis de la influencia del coeficiente de transferencia de calor en la caracterización de la transmitancia térmica de fachadas con el método termométrico

Caracterizar la transmitancia térmica de fachadas es uno de los pasos más importantes en los trabajos de auditoría energética. Para ello, existe una amplia variedad de métodos experimentales. Uno de los métodos de mayor utilización es el método termométrico. Sin embargo, existe una brecha de conocimiento en relación con el planteamiento de análisis de datos. Por este motivo, en este estudio se analizó la viabilidad de utilizar diferentes planteamientos para el método termométrico. Para ello, se analizaron 20 fachadas y se plantearon 9 formulaciones diferentes utilizando aproximaciones para el coeficiente total de transferencia de calor existentes en la literatura científica. Asimismo, se evaluaron dos planteamientos de análisis de datos (media aritmética de las medidas instantáneas, y media del sumatorio del numerador y del denominador), así como el filtrado de datos necesario de aplicar. Los resultados permitieron determinar la configuración de análisis más adecuada para aplicar el método.To assess the thermal transmittance of facades is one of the most important steps in energy audit work. For this, there is a wide variety of experimental methods. One of the most widely used methods is the thermometric method. However, there is a knowl-edge gap in relation to the data analysis approach. For this reason, in this study the feasibility of using different approaches to the method was analyzed. To do this, 20 façades were analyzed and 9 different formulations were proposed using approximations for the total heat transfer coefficient of the scientific literature. Likewise, two approaches to data analysis were evaluated (arithmetic mean of the instantaneous measurements, and the sum of the numerator and the denominator), as well as the data filtering nec-essary to apply. The results allowed determining the most suitable analysis configuration to apply the method

Recensiones [Revista de Historia Económica Año XV Otoño-Invierno 1996 n. 3 pp. 187-228]

Editada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaM. Crusafont i Sabater. Historia de la moneda catalana. Interpretació i criteris metodológics (Por Gaspar Feliú).-- Peguerto Saavedra Fernández. A Facenda real na Galicia do antigo réxime (Por Rafael Vallejo).-- José Ramón Moreno Fernández. El monte público en La Rioja durante los siglos XVIII y XIX: aproximación a la desarticulación del régimen comunal (Por José Ignacio Jiménez Blanco).-- R. Domínguez. El campesino adaptativo. Campesinos y mercado en el norte de España, 1750-1880 (Por Pablo Sánchez León).-- Emilio Pérez Romero. Patrimonios comunales, ganadería trashumante y sociedad en la Tierra de Soria, siglos XVIII-XIX (Por Miguel A. Melón Jiménez).-- Montserrat Gárate y Javier Martin Rudi. Cien años de la vida económica de San Sebastián (1887-1987) (Por Carlos Larrinaga).-- Ramón Garrabou y José Manuel Naredo. La fertilización en los sistemas agrarios. Una perspectiva histórica (Por Juan Pan-Montojo).-- Jordi Catalán. La economía española y la segunda guerra mundial (Por Concha Berrán).-- Enric Tello i Aragay. Guía práctica de historia económica mundial (Por Antonio Santamaría).-- Francisco Comín y Pablo Martín Aceña. La empresa en la Historia de España (Por Juan Hernández Andreu).-- Carlos Dávila L. de Guevara. Empresa e Historia en América Latina. Un balance historiográfico (Por Eugenio Torres Villanueva).-- Óscar Cornblit. Power and violence in the colonial city. Oruro /rom the mining renaissance to the rebellion of Tupac Amaru (1740-1782) (Por Carlos Rodríguez Braun).-- Timothy J. Hatton y Jeffrey G. Williamson. Migration and the intemational Labor Market, 1830-1939 (Por Blanca Sánchez Alonso)Publicad

Profundización en metodologías y espacios docentes innovadores

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Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Association Between Preexisting Versus Newly Identified Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may exist before or occur early in the course of pulmonary embolism (PE). We determined the PE outcomes based on the presence and timing of AF. Methods and Results Using the data from a multicenter PE registry, we identified 3 groups: (1) those with preexisting AF, (2) patients with new AF within 2 days from acute PE (incident AF), and (3) patients without AF. We assessed the 90-day and 1-year risk of mortality and stroke in patients with AF, compared with those without AF (reference group). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 792 had preexisting AF. These patients had increased odds of 90-day all-cause (odds ratio [OR], 2.81; 95% CI, 2.33-3.38) and PE-related mortality (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.37-4.14) and increased 1-year hazard for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 5.48; 95% CI, 3.10-9.69) compared with those without AF. After multivariable adjustment, preexisting AF was associated with significantly increased odds of all-cause mortality (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.57-2.32) but not PE-related mortality (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.85-2.66). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 445 developed new incident AF within 2 days of acute PE. Incident AF was associated with increased odds of 90-day all-cause (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.75-2.97) and PE-related (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.01-6.59) mortality but not stroke. Findings were similar in multivariable analyses. Conclusions In patients with acute symptomatic PE, both preexisting AF and incident AF predict adverse clinical outcomes. The type of adverse outcomes may differ depending on the timing of AF onset.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio