La supervisión de la práctica docente como instrumento de mejora de la calidad

Conocer la supervisión de la práctica docente en la Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador (UTEC), su funcionamiento, aplicación y fundamento pedagógico, en el aspecto esencial de este estudio cuyo resultado se convertirá en una herramienta cualitativa que deberá permitir fortalecer y mejorar la práctica pedagógica de los docentes en el aula. Tener un modelo que guíe claramente a los coordinadores de las carreras, para realizar una supervisión efectiva de los docentes y que asegure la calidad de la enseñanza que se brinda en la Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador (UTEC), es trascendental y relevante para garantizar y mejorar la calidad de la práctica pedagógica, así como para cumplir con los requisitos del programa de re-acreditación de la instituciones de educación superior y es uno de los ejes del Plan Estratégico 2009-2014 de la UTEC.Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvado

Diseño de un sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable, para la comunidad El Espinal, municipio de Estelí, departamento de Estelí

En el diseño del proyecto de agua potable se realizó un análisis de la demanda de consumo de agua, usando una dotación de 60 l/hab/día y un 20% de pérdidas como lo indican las normas técnicas rurales del INAA; determinando una demanda actual de 0.87 l/s y una demanda futura para el año 20 de 1.43 l/s. Con el proyecto se garantizará el vital líquido al 100% de la población, partiendo con una demanda inicial de 27.65 m3/día y alcanzando una demanda futura para el año 20 de 45.79 m3/día. El análisis hidráulico se realizó en el programa EPANET y de acuerdo con los resultados del estudio realizado en la comunidad, ésta presenta condiciones favorables para la implementación de un sistema de agua potable

Analysis of the functional EEG network in an Ecuadorian schizophrenia sample

Background and objectives Higher mental functions depend on global functional coordination of the brain. Our aim was to study the baseline condition and modulation of functional networks in a previously unevaluated clinical population, compare the results with a population from another country, and analyze their relationship with cognitive functioning. Methods We evaluated the functioning of brain networks by EEG in 24 patients with schizophrenia and 32 healthy Ecuadorian controls. EEG recordings were made at rest and while performing a P300 task. Small world (SW), Path Length (PL), clustering coefficient (CLC) and connective strength (CS) values were calculated in both conditions. The values obtained were compared between groups, with the results of Spanish patients, and the relationship between the connective parameters and the cognitive performance of the participants was analyzed. Results Higher PL, CLC and CS values were identified in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia compared to controls (in basal condition) and lower SW values in this same condition. Ecuadorian patients obtained higher values than Spanish patients in the PL and CLC parameters and lower values for the SW parameter, despite these differences, the pattern of alteration in both samples followed the same trend. Finally, the alteration of CS, SW, CLC and PL parameters at baseline was related to cognitive performance. Conclusion The connective alterations identified in Ecuadorian schizophrenic patients are consistent with those found in another sample with different genetic, environmental and cultural conditions. In addition, these alterations were associated with worse performance in different cognitive domains

Genotoxicity by Electromagnetic Fields

Modern life implies a constant exposure of living organisms to many sources of radiation, especially electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by our technological devices. The question of whether or not EMFs in the non-ionizing extremely low frequency (ELF) range can induce genotoxic effects is currently a subject of interest. People of industrialized societies are commonly exposed to EMFs and waves in a very broad range of frequencies, including power lines, telecommunications, and domestic and industrial equipment. In this review, we present controversial evidence from our research group and others of genotoxicity induced by ELF-EMFs, since scientific community consider EMF devices produce marginal amounts of energy, which does not justify any DNA alterations, together with conflicting laboratory results and few epidemiological studies. However, in 2002 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) categorized ELF-EMFs as being potential carcinogenic and genotoxic agents to humans. The aim of the present chapter is to discuss the role of ELM-EMFs on human genotoxicity

Functional EEG network analysis in schizophrenia: Evidence of larger segregation and deficit of modulation

Objective: Higher mental functions depend on global cerebral functional coordination. Our aim was to study fast modulation of functional networks in schizophrenia that has not been previously assessed. Methods: Graph-theory was used to analyze the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during an odd-ball task in 57 schizophrenia patients (18 first episode patients, FEPs) and 59 healthy controls. Clustering coefficient (CLC), characteristic path length (PL) and small-worldness (SW) were computed at baseline ([−300 0] ms prior to stimulus delivery) and response ([150 450] ms post-stimulus) windows. Clinical and cognitive assessments were performed. Results: CLC, PL and SW showed a significant modulation between baseline and response in controls but not in patients. Patients obtained higher CLC and SW at baseline, lower CLC and higher PL at response, and diminished modulation of CLC and SW as compared to controls. In patients, CLC and SW modulation were inversely associated to cognitive performance in executive tasks and directly associated to working memory. Similar patterns were observed in FEPs. CLC and SW during the baseline were inversely associated to their respective modulation magnitudes. Conclusions: Our results are coherent with a hyper-segregated network at baseline (higher CLC) and a decreased modulation of the functional connectivity during cognition in schizophrenia.This work was supported by the Instituto Carlos III (PI11/02708, PI11/02203 and PI15/00299) and the Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (GRS 1134/A/15 and GRS 1263/A/16) grants; the ‘MINECO and FEDER (TEC2014-53196-R), ‘Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León’ (VA037U16); and predoctoral fellowships to A. Lubeiro (‘Consejería de Educación Junta de Castilla y León’) and to J. Gomez-Pilar (University of Valladolid)

Development and validation of the Gender-Equity Model for Liver Allocation (GEMA) to prioritise candidates for liver transplantation: a cohort study

BACKGROUND: The Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) and its sodium-corrected variant (MELD-Na) have created gender disparities in accessing liver transplantation. We aimed to derive and validate the Gender-Equity Model for liver Allocation (GEMA) and its sodium-corrected variant (GEMA-Na) to amend such inequities. METHODS: In this cohort study, the GEMA models were derived by replacing creatinine with the Royal Free Hospital glomerular filtration rate (RFH-GFR) within the MELD and MELD-Na formulas, with re-fitting and re-weighting of each component. The new models were trained and internally validated in adults listed for liver transplantation in the UK (2010-20; UK Transplant Registry) using generalised additive multivariable Cox regression, and externally validated in an Australian cohort (1998-2020; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital [Australian National Liver Transplant Unit] and Austin Hospital [Victorian Liver Transplant Unit]). The study comprised 9320 patients: 5762 patients for model training, 1920 patients for internal validation, and 1638 patients for external validation. The primary outcome was mortality or delisting due to clinical deterioration within the first 90 days from listing. Discrimination was assessed by Harrell's concordance statistic. FINDINGS: 449 (5·8%) of 7682 patients in the UK cohort and 87 (5·3%) of 1638 patients in the Australian cohort died or were delisted because of clinical deterioration within 90 days. GEMA showed improved discrimination in predicting mortality or delisting due to clinical deterioration within the first 90 days after waiting list inclusion compared with MELD (Harrell's concordance statistic 0·752 [95% CI 0·700-0·804] vs 0·712 [0·656-0·769]; p=0·001 in the internal validation group and 0·761 [0·703-0·819] vs 0·739 [0·682-0·796]; p=0·036 in the external validation group), and GEMA-Na showed improved discrimination compared with MELD-Na (0·766 [0·715-0·818] vs 0·742 [0·686-0·797]; p=0·0058 in the internal validation group and 0·774 [0·720-0·827] vs 0·745 [0·690-0·800]; p=0·014 in the external validation group). The discrimination capacity of GEMA-Na was higher in women than in the overall population, both in the internal (0·802 [0·716-0·888]) and external validation cohorts (0·796 [0·698-0·895]). In the pooled validation cohorts, GEMA resulted in a score change of at least 2 points compared with MELD in 1878 (52·8%) of 3558 patients (25·0% upgraded and 27·8% downgraded). GEMA-Na resulted in a score change of at least 2 points compared with MELD-Na in 1836 (51·6%) of 3558 patients (32·3% upgraded and 19·3% downgraded). In the whole cohort, 3725 patients received a transplant within 90 days of being listed. Of these patients, 586 (15·7%) would have been differently prioritised by GEMA compared with MELD; 468 (12·6%) patients would have been differently prioritised by GEMA-Na compared with MELD-Na. One in 15 deaths could potentially be avoided by using GEMA instead of MELD and one in 21 deaths could potentially be avoided by using GEMA-Na instead of MELD-Na. INTERPRETATION: GEMA and GEMA-Na showed improved discrimination and a significant re-classification benefit compared with existing scores, with consistent results in an external validation cohort. Their implementation could save a clinically meaningful number of lives, particularly among women, and could amend current gender inequities in accessing liver transplantation. FUNDING: Junta de Andalucía and EDRF

Diseño e Implementación de Kits para la Experimentación de Biotecnología en el Hogar (HomeLab)

[EN] With the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, professors had to accelerate their adaptation to the use of digital and remote media to continue with the education of students. Online teaching lab courses present great challenges, as many lab courses are designed to learn from hands-on and real-world exploration. Laboratory courses generally focus on deepening understanding of content and developing skills in experimental techniques. Added to this, the possibility of providing the experience of executing protocols and manipulating equipment, can hardly be achieved with a completely digital model. To promote better learning of laboratory subjects, kits were developed by professors to conduct laboratory practices at home. The students had the opportunity to execute biotechnology protocols following instructions and remote guidance from their professors. Conducting experiments at home,had a high acceptance rate as an efficient tool to learn various skills compared to digital tools.[ES] Con la situación de la pandemia COVID-19, la educación tuvo que acelerar su adaptación al uso de medios digitales y remotos para continuar con la educación de los estudiantes. Los cursos de laboratorio de enseñanza en línea presentan grandes desafíos, ya que están diseñados para aprender de la exploración práctica y del mundo real. Sumado a esto, la posibilidad de brindar la experiencia de ejecutar protocolos y manipular equipos, difícilmente se puede lograr con un modelo completamente digital. Para promover un mejor aprendizaje y asegurar la adquisición de competencias de desarrollo de habilidades en técnicas experimentales a distancia, los profesores desarrollaron kits para la realización de prácticas de laboratorio en casa. Los estudiantes tuvieron la oportunidad de ejecutar protocolos de biotecnología siguiendo instrucciones y guía a distancia por parte de sus profesores. La realización de experimentos en casa tuvo un alto porcentaje de aceptación como una herramienta eficiente para aprender diversas competencias en comparación con herramientas digitales.Antonio Pérez, A.; Torres Huerta, A.; Acata Gómez, R.; Delgado Duran, R.; Jaime Rodríguez, M.; García Díaz, C.; García Huante, Y.... (2021). Diseño e Implementación de Kits para la Experimentación de Biotecnología en el Hogar (HomeLab). En IN-RED 2021: VII Congreso de Innovación Edicativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1605-1618. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2021.2021.13809OCS1605161

Optimization Algorithms for Large-Scale Real-World Instances of the Frequency Assignment Problem

Nowadays, mobile communications are experiencing a strong growth, being more and more indispensable. One of the key issues in the design of mobile networks is the Frequency Assignment Problem (FAP). This problem is crucial at present and will remain important in the foreseeable future. Real world instances of FAP typically involve very large networks, which can only be handled by heuristic methods. In the present work, we are interested in optimizing frequency assignments for problems described in a mathematical formalism that incorporates actual interference information, measured directly on the field, as is done in current GSM networks. To achieve this goal, a range of metaheuristics have been designed, adapted, and rigourously compared on two actual GSM networks modeled according to the latter formalism. In order to generate quickly and reliably high quality solutions, all metaheuristics combine their global search capabilities with a local-search method specially tailored for this domain. The experiments and statistical tests show that in general, all metaheuristics are able to improve upon results published in previous studies, but two of the metaheuristics emerge as the best performers: a population-based algorithm (Scatter Search) and a trajectory based (1+1) Evolutionary Algorithm. Finally, the analysis of the frequency plans obtained offers insight about how the interference cost is reduced in the optimal plans.Publicad

Frecuencia de sobrecarga de hierro en pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas

La terapia transfusional es un recurso terapéutico para pacientes que sufren anemia, y cuyos mecanismos para compensarla están limitados por la enfermedad o su tratamiento.3 Con cada concentrado eritrocitario (CE) se aportan 200 mg de hierro heme, lo cual resulta en su acumulación progresiva debido a que no existe un sistema de eliminación del met

Participación y diversidad. Avanzando en la participación de las personas inmigrantes en la sociedad civil de Andalucía. Libro del proyecto y transcripción de las sesiones

Hasta el momento actual, la Inmigración ha venido abordándose bajo un enfoque estrictamente laboral o administrativo, fundamentado en los flujos que el mercado de trabajo demandaba. En menor medida desde la perspectiva del ejercicio de la ciudadanía de las personas inmigrantes, que han venido a buscar una nueva vida en Andalucía, ni en la consideración de que, además, ello le supone ejercer derechos básicos y contribuir a enriquecer y dar nuevas perspectivas y valores a nuestra sociedad civil. Desde este enfoque, el capital social que supone la Inmigración resulta necesario e imprescindible en los procesos de participación y empoderamiento de la sociedad civil de nuestra democracia. Para determinar una estrategia y encontrar las herramientas más adecuadas que nos permitan avanzar en este sentido, es para lo que hemos impulsado el proyecto "Participación y Diversidad" y los dos foros de indagación y debate participativo, que se han celebrado en Sevilla y en Granada entre octubre y noviembre de 2013 y cuyos resultados tienen ustedes en este libro. Por lo general, las personas inmigrantes sólo son llamadas a participar de los asuntos públicos cuando éstos tienen que ver con el tema específico de la inmigración. Pero, en este caso, hemos querido ir más allá abordando la cuestión de la inmigración no en términos particulares sino en relación con su papel en el conjunto de nuestra sociedad, en el procomún; trabajando sobre ese capital social que aportan y sobre el papel ciudadano que desempeñan -o que queremos que aporten y desempeñen las personas inmigrantes. En definitiva, trabajar sobre la participación real y efectiva en nuestra sociedad civil, de las personas que vienen de otros países (de la UE, países desarrollados o en vías de desarrollo) y con otras visiones del mundo, a compartir espacio y vida con nosotros, en igualdad con los andaluces y las andaluzas de origen.Pp. (1-129