María Zambrano

Reseña del libro. "María Zambrano". Juana Sánchez-Gey Venegas. Fundación Emmanuel Mounier, Colección Sinergia nº 55, Madrid, 2016. 113 pag

Hagiografía y filología: el caso peculiar de la "Vita Didaci" (Santa María de Benevívere)

Sobre el ejemplo de la Vita Didaci, un poema del s. XIII sobre Diego Martínez, fundador del monasterio de Santa María de Benevivere (Carrión de los Condes, Palencia), la autora muestra, por un lado, la utilidad de la labor filológica para conseguir un mejor conocimiento de los textos hagiográficos y, por otro, cómo encaja una obra medieval concreta en la etiqueta generalizadora de hagiografía. Para esto último se han examinado en la Vita todos los aspectos definidos por los estudiosos como específicamente hagiográficos y se ha observado que no todos están presentes y algunos de ellos ofrecen características muy peculiares y distintas.Against the background provided by the Vita Didaci -a 13th-century poem on Diego Martínez, the founder of the monastery of St. Maria de Benevivere (Carrión de los Condes)-, the author shows, on the one hand, the usefulness of philological study for a better understanding of hagiographical texts, and, on the other, how a specific medieval work fits into the generalizing label of hagiography. As regards the latter issue, all the aspects considered by the scholars as typically hagiographical have been examined in the Vita. It has been observed that not all of them appear, while some have very peculiar and distinct features

The influence of environmental distraction on cognitive abilities in ADL performance after frontal brain injured.

Background: Previous studies have reported errors in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) under the presence of distracting objects in dementia and brain injury patients. However, little is known about which distractor-target objects relation might be more harmful for performance. Method: We compared the ADL execution in frontal brain injured patients and control participants under two conditions: One in which target objects were mixed with distractor objects that constituted an alternative semantically related but non-required task (contextual condition) and another in which target objects were mixed with related but isolated distractors that did not constituted a coherent task (non-contextual condition). We separately analyzed ADL commission errors (repetitions, substitutions, objects manipulations, failures in sequence, extra actions) and omissions. In addition, the participants were evaluated with a neuropsychological protocol including a very specific executive functions task (Selective attention, Stimulus-Stimulus and Stimulus-Response conflict). Results: We found that frontal patients produced more commission errors compared to control participants, but only under the contextual condition. No between groups significant differences were found in omissions in both conditions or commission errors in non-contextual conditions. Scores in the Stimulus-Response conflict was significantly correlated with commission errors in the contextual condition. Conclusion: The presence of different non-target objects in ADL performance could require different cognitive process. Contextual ADL conditions required a higher level of executive functions, especially at the level of response (Stimulus-Response conflict). Application to Practice: Occupational therapists should control the presence of objects related to the target task according to the intervention objectives with the patients.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Juana SÁNCHEZ-GEY VENEGAS, María Zambrano

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Insights into the Kinetics Degradation of Bisphenol A by Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation with Metals Supported onto Carbon Nanospheres

Emerging pollutants are an increasing problem in wastewater globally. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one compound belonging to this group. This work proposes the study of the employment of several metal-supported (2 wt. %) carbon nanospheres (CNS) for BPA degradation by catalytic wet-air oxidation. Several techniques were used for the catalyst characterization: thermogravimetry, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR), determination of isoelectric point, elemental analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. Different loads of Ru in the catalyst were also tested for BPA degradation (1, 2, 5, 7, and 10%), being the first minimum value to achieve a conversion above 97% in 90 min 2 wt. % of Ru in the CNS-Ru catalyst. In the stability test with CNS-Ru and CNS-Pt, CNS-Pt demonstrated less activity and stability. Two potential models were proposed to adjust experimental data with CNS-Ru(2%) at different conditions of BPA initial concentration, catalyst mass, temperature, and pressure of the reaction. Both models showed a high determination coefficient (R2 > 0.98). Finally, the efficiency of CNS-Ru and CNS-Pt was tested in a real hospital wastewater matrix obtaining better results the CNS-Pt(2%) catalyst.Depto. de Ingeniería Química y de MaterialesFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEComunidad de Madridpu

How rare species conservation management can be strengthened with the use of ecological niche modelling: The case for endangered endemic Gundlach’s Hawk and Cuban Black-Hawk

AbstractForty-six percent of tropical raptors are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. Tropical raptors are generally rare species. The scarce information on distribution patterns of rare species makes it difficult to establish reliable conservation plans. We used ecological niche modelling to obtain good predictions of occurrence of two case species, the rare and endemic Gundlach’s and Cuban Black-hawks in Cuba, based on presence-only data. We used records from an intensive survey undertaken in natural and modified environments. Data were integrated with environmental variables using Maxent to predict species distributions. Subsequently, we overlaid the resulting predicted distributions, the land use map and the protected areas layers to establish potential suitable habitat for these endemics and to determine if a better design of protected areas than the existing one can be proposed using both hawks’ distribution in the design. Gundlach’s Hawk distribution was fragmented, depending on forest distribution. Cuban Black-Hawk distribution was narrow, near the coastline. Forests and mangrove represent 57% and 45% of Gundlach’s Hawk and Cuban Black-Hawk model predictions, respectively. 71% of the total forest area was represented in the distribution of Gundlach’s Hawk. Mangrove area overlaps 45% of the Cuban Black-Hawk distribution. Six protected areas preserved 50% and 92% of their distributions, respectively. With few presence-only data of rare species, Maxent models were statistically and ecologically significant and reliable to develop distribution maps with high predictive power. Our results highlight the importance of natural habitats for conservation efforts of these endemic species. A good conservation program should include the protection of suitable nesting areas and expand the protected areas network containing suitable habitats for both species in forest and coastal areas. We propose the use of predictive modelling tools to strengthen conservation actions not only for rare raptors but for the 238 endemic and threatened birds of the Neotropics with scarce data, small population sizes, restricted distributions and often specialist habits

From an implicational system to its corresponding D-basis

Closure system is a fundamental concept appearing in several areas such as databases, formal concept analysis, artificial intelligence, etc. It is well-known that there exists a connection between a closure operator on a set and the lattice of its closed sets. Furthermore, the closure system can be replaced by a set of implications but this set has usually a lot of redundancy inducing non desired properties. In the literature, there is a common interest in the search of the mini- mality of a set of implications because of the importance of bases. The well-known Duquenne-Guigues basis satisfies this minimality condition. However, several authors emphasize the relevance of the optimality in order to reduce the size of implications in the basis. In addition to this, some bases have been defined to improve the computation of closures relying on the directness property. The efficiency of computation with the direct basis is achieved due to the fact that the closure is computed in one traversal. In this work, we focus on the D-basis, which is ordered-direct. An open problem is to obtain it from an arbitrary implicational system, so it is our aim in this paper. We introduce a method to compute the D-basis by means of minimal generators calculated using the Simplification Logic for implications.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Supported by Grants TIN2011-28084 and TIN2014-59471-P of the Science and Innovation Ministry of Spain, which is co-financed by the European Social Fund

Estudio de la triquinelosis en la fauna silvestre del noroeste español

La triquinelosis en España se considera una zoonosis endémica cuyo ciclo doméstico está aparentemente controlado, pero todos los años aparecen brotes en humana relacionados con el consumo de carne de cerdo y jabalí sin control sanitario. En este sentido, la fauna silvestre actúa de reservorio de Trichinella spp., especialmente el jabalí y los carnívoros. Para conocer la situación epidemiológica actual de Trichinella spp. en la fauna silvestre de Galicia, hemos realizado el estudio más amplio y completo que hasta ahora se ha llevado a cabo en el noroeste español. Con el fin de detectar larvas de Trichinella spp., mediante la técnica de digestión artificial se han analizado 7974 muestras de musculatura esquelética de cinco especies silvestres autóctonas (jabalí, zorro, lobo, tejón y nutria) y dos especies alóctonas (visón americano y mapache) presentes en Galicia durante el período comprendido entre 2006 y 2015. Se han calculado previamente las poblaciones estimadas de jabalí, zorro y lobo a lo largo de los últimos 8 años, para comprobar que el muestreo llevado a cabo es suficiente y representativo para detectar portadores de Trichinella spp. y porque, desde el punto de vista epidemiológico, tanto la abundancia como la evolución de la población son importantes para el mantenimiento de este agente parasitario en el medio ambiente. La prevalencia más alta se observó en el lobo (3%; 3/100), seguido del zorro (0,753%; 9/1196) y jabalí (0,047%; 3/6451), con resultado negativo para las restantes especies (29 tejones, 13 nutrias, 153 visones americanos y 32 mapaches). Solo en el zorro se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la prevalencia según el grupo de edad, que fue mayor en los gerontes. Predominó claramente Trichinella britovi, tanto en cantidad de animales infectados como de hospedadores, mientras que Trichinella spiralis solo se aisló en dos lobos (uno con infección mixta). Consideramos al zorro como la especie centinela más adecuada para investigar la distribución de Trichinella spp. en el medio natural de Galicia, por su comportamiento trófico, amplia distribución geográfica, abundante densidad de población y su amplio aprovechamiento cinegético, lo que facilita la obtención de un elevado número de muestras