Los papeles reservados de Fernando VII Identificación, análisis y propuesta de descripción normalizada

Using the archivist methodology of investigation it is established the chain of custody of the hundred and eight binded volumes that form this document series and it is analyzed and briefly described the content of them, discovering this way the subjects of interest for Fernando VII. It’s also proposed a normalized description of these documents according to international standard ISAD (G)Utilizando la metodología de investigación archivística se establece la cadena de la custodia de los ciento ocho volúmenes encuadernados que conforman esta serie y se analiza y describe brevemente en contenido de los mismos, descubriendo de esta manera los temas que suscitaron el interés de Fernando VII. Se propone a su vez una descripción normalizada de estos documentos siguiendo las norma internacional ISAD (G

Base-level fall, knickpoint retreat and transient channel morphology: The case of small bedrock rivers on resistant quartzites (Isle of Jura, western Scotland)

Understanding the link between tectonics and climate and their consequences in landscape evolution is a major current issue in Earth sciences. Bedrock rivers are an important component of the landscape because they transmit changes in tectonic and/or climatic conditions by setting bedrock incision rates to which the landscape must be adjusted. Nevertheless, there remain unresolved issues in relation to bedrock river processes and response to perturbation. The effects caused by propagation of a knickpoint triggered by a sudden drop in base-level remain to be fully clarified. Questions about rates of knickpoint recession, the control exerted by structure and lithology, the morphological response of rivers after knickpoint recession and whether bedrock incision rates are re-established after the passage of a knickpoint, as theory predicts, are all issues that need to be clarified. Moreover, the estimation of bedrock incision, which is key to understand transience in landscapes, has relied on the stream power model, mainly tested on large fluvial settings. Whether the stream power model is valid for small bedrock rivers is not well understood. Some of these questions are tackled in this research, by studying small bedrock river catchments. The case of a knickpoint propagation on a homogeneous resistant lithology (quartzite), triggered by an instantaneous base-level lowering ( 18 m in 13.6 ka), is evaluated here, as well as the effect of structure and the morphological response of rivers to base-level fall. Two approaches were followed: (1) stream profile analysis using slope-area and distance-slope plots and (2) the analysis of terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides to obtain erosion rates. The Isle of Jura, located in the west coast of Scotland, was selected as natural laboratory because bedrock rivers incise the landscape and rapid rock uplift resulting from glacio-isostatic rebound after the Last Glacial Maximum has left the Jura landscape in transience. The present research is organised in seven chapters. In chapter 1, the motivation for this research is presented. In chapter 2, a review of theory underpinning research on bedrock rivers, landscape evolution and knickpoint generation, is detailed. The relevant studies in the field are also reviewed. The physical setting of Jura is characterised in chapter 3, as well as the morphometry of catchments, stressing the effect of Quaternary glaciation on the landscape of Jura. Unpublished exposure ages and analysis of the resultant raised beaches (~35 m OD) of Jura’s west coast are used to demonstrate a sudden drop in base-level in Jura ~13.6 ka. Chapter 4 details how stream long profiles were extracted and how the slope-area (SA) and distance-slope (DS) analyses were undertaken. This chapter 4 shows that the Jura rivers have strong imprints related to glacial processes and base-level fall, making it difficult to use SA and DS models to estimate channel incision as has been done for large fluvial settings. Chapter 5 is explains how the base-level fall knickpoints were identified and it is shown that stream discharge is a first-order control on knickpoint propagation. Structure and lithology, on the other hand, are not first-order controls on knickpoint recession. Chapter 5 also evaluates the vertical distribution of knickpoints and morphological response of rivers after knickpoint migration, with the results indicating that stream power controls the vertical distribution of knickpoints and the morphological response of rivers to base-level fall. A threshold of ~5 km2, where rivers’ ability to modify their channel, resulting in a channel convex profile, is also identified. In chapter 6 the problem of bedrock incision and the role of sediment is tackled. Based on the sampling of sediment in fieldwork, it is demonstrated that the median fraction in the rivers of Jura is ≈45 mm and grain-size neither fines nor increases with stream discharge and channel slope, strongly indicating that detachment-limited conditions are likely to control bedrock incision. In the second part of chapter 6, the incision rates upstream and downstream of the base-level fall knickpoint are obtained to test whether incision rates are re-established after knickpoint propagation. Incision rates were obtained from the concentrations of cosmogenic 10Be in samples extracted from the river bed. The results indicate that incision rates are not re-established at an expected value of ≈ 0.1 m/k yr after knickpoint migration. Rather, incision rates below the knickpoint remain somewhat elevated (≈ 0.5 m/k yr) reflecting: (1) ongoing base-level fall, and/or (2) the propagation of younger knickpoints (< 13.6 ka) in those transient reaches. The cosmogenic-derived incision rates were tested with different bedrock incision rules. The results indicate that the stream power model is a good predictor for channel incision, even for the case of small catchments. In chapter 7 the conclusions of this research are provided

Automation of the Monte Carlo simulation of medical linear accelerators

La consulta íntegra de la tesi, inclosos els articles no comunicats públicament per drets d'autor, es pot realitzar prèvia petició a l'Arxiu de la UPCThe main result of this thesis is a software system, called PRIMO, which simulates clinical linear accelerators and the subsequent dose distributions using the Monte Carlo method. PRIMO has the following features: (i) it is self- contained, that is, it does not require additional software libraries or coding; (ii) it includes a geometry library with most Varian and Elekta linacs; (iii) it is based on the general-purpose Monte Carlo code PENELOPE; (iv) it provides a suite of variance-reduction techniques and distributed parallel computing to enhance the simulation efficiency; (v) it is graphical user interfaced; and (vi) it is freely distributed through the website http://www.primoproject.net In order to endow PRIMO with these features the following tasks were conducted: - PRIMO was conceived with a layered structure. The topmost layer, named the GLASS, was developed in this thesis. The GLASS implements the GUI, drives all the functions of the system and performs the analysis of results. Lower layers generate geometry files, provide input data and execute the Monte Carlo simulation. - The geometry of Elekta linacs from series SU and MLCi were coded in the PRIMO system. - A geometrical model of the Varian True Beam linear accelerator was developed and validated. This model was created to surmount the limitations of the Varian distributed phase-space files and the absence of released information about the actual geometry of that machine. This geometry model was incorporated into PRIMO. - Two new variance-reduction techniques, named splitting roulette and selective splitting, were developed and validated. In a test made with an Elekta linac it was found that when both techniques are used in conjunction the simulation efficiency improves by a factor of up to 45. - A method to automatically distribute the simulation among the available CPU cores of a computer was implemented. The following investigations were done using PRIMO as a research tool : - The configu ration of the condensed history transport algorithm for charged particles in PENELOPE was optimized for linac simulation. Dose distributions in the patient were found to be particularly sensitive to the values of the transport parameters in the linac target. Use of inadequate values of these parameters may lead to an incorrect determination of the initial beam configuration or to biased dose distributions. - PRIMO was used to simulate phase-space files distributed by Varian for the True Beam linac. The results were compared with experimental data provided by five European radiotherapycenters. It was concluded thatthe latent variance and the accuracy of the phase-space files were adequate for the routine clinical practice. However, for research purposes where low statistical uncertainties are required the phase-space files are not large enough. To the best of our knowledge PRIMO is the only fully Monte Carlo-based linac and dose simulation system , addressed to research and dose verification, that does not require coding tasks from end users and is publicly available.El principal resultado de esta tesis es un sistema informático llamado PRIMO el cual simula aceleradores lineales médicos y las subsecuentes distribuciones de dosis empleando el método de Monte Carlo. PRIMO tiene las siguiente características: (i) es auto contenido, o sea no requiere de librerías de código ni de programación adicional ; (ii) incluye las geometrías de los principales modelos de aceleradores Varían y Elekta; (iii) está basado en el código Monte Carlo de propósitos generales PENELOPE; (iv) contiene un conjunto de técnicas de reducción de varianza y computación paralela distribuida para mejorar la eficiencia de simulación; (v) tiene una interfaz gráfica de usuario; y (vi) se distribuye gratis en el sitio web http://vvww.primoproject.net. Para dotar a PRIMO de esas características, se realizaron las tareas siguientes: - PRIMO se concibió con una estructura de capas. La capa superior, nombrada GLASS, fue desarrollada en esta tesis. GLASS implementa la interfazgráfica de usuario, controla todas las funciones del sistema y realiza el análisis de resultados. Las capas inferiores generan los archivos de geometría y otros datos de entrada y ejecutan la simulación Monte Carlo. - Se codificó en el sistema PRIMO la geometría de los aceleradores Elekta de las series SLi y MLC. - Se desarrolló y validó un modelo geométrico del acelerador TrueBeam de Varian. Este modelo fue creado para superar las limitaciones de los archivos de espacio de fase distribuidos por Varian, así como la ausencia de información sobre la geometría real de esta máquina. Este modelo geométrico fue incorporado en PRIMO. - Fueron desarrolladas y validadas dos nuevas técnicas de reducción de varianza nombradas splitting roulette y selective splitting. En pruebas hechas en un acelerador Elekta se encontró que cuando ambas técnicas se usan en combinación, la eficiencia de simulación mejora 45 veces. - Se implementó un método para distribuir la simulación entre los procesadores disponibles en un ordenador. Las siguientes investigaciones fueron realizadas usando PRIMO como herramienta: - Fue optimizada la configuración del algoritmo de PENELOPE para el transporte de partículas cargadas con historia condensada en la simulación del linac. Se encontró que las distribuciones de dosis en el paciente son particularmente sensibles a los valores de los parámetros de transporte usados para el target del linac. El uso de va lores inadecuados para esos parámetros puede conducir a una incorrecta determinación de la configuración del haz inicial o producir sesgos en las distribuciones de dosis. - Se utilizó PRIMO para simular archivos de espacios de fase distribuidos por Varian para el linac TrueBeam. Los resultados se compararon con datos experimentales aportados por cinco centros de radioterapia europeos. Se concluyó que la varianza latente y la exactitud de estos espacios de fase son adecuadas para la práctica clínica de rutina. Sin embargo estos espacios de fase no son suficientemente grandes para emplearse en investigaciones que requieren alcanzar una baja incertidumbre estadística. Hasta donde conocemos, PRIMO es el único sistema Monte Carlo que simula completamente el acelerador lineal y calcula la dosis absorbida, dirigido a la investigación y la verificación de dosis que no requiere del usuario tareas de codificación y está disponible públicamentePostprint (published version

Comparative study on high temperature mechanical behavior in 3YTZP containing SWCNTs or MWCNTs

Effects on mechanical properties of the presence of either single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a 3YTZP matrix have been investigated in this work. Thus, monolithic 3YTZP and 3YTZP containing 2.5 vol% either SWCNTs or MWCNTs were fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at 1250 °C. Samples were crept at temperatures between 1100 and 1200 °C and stresses between 5 and 230 MPa. Raman spectroscopy measurements indicate the absence of severe damages in the CNTs structure after sintering and testing. Scanning electron microscopy studies show that microstructures do not evolve during creep tests. Mechanical results point out that monolithic 3YTZP exhibits a higher creep resistance than composites since CNTs facilitate grain boundary sliding during high-temperature deformation. SWCNTs and MWCNTs have a similar effect on the high temperature mechanical behavior in 3YTZP where the bundle length and the level of dispersion of CNTs play a crucial role.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MAT2009-11078, MAT2012-34217Junta de Andalucía P12-FQM-107

Microstructure and high temperatures mechanical properties of liquid-phase-sintered α-SIC with Y2O3-AL2O3 additions

Muestras de α-SiC han sido sinterizadas con fase líquida (LPS) a 1950 ºC, en atmósfera de argón y tiempos de procesado entre 1 y 7 horas. Mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM) se ha caracterizado la microestructura, obteniéndose un tamaño medio de grano que aumenta con el tiempo de procesado desde 0.64 a 1.61 µm. Estas muestras han sido deformadas en compresión a carga constante, a temperaturas entre 1450 y 1625 ºC, tensiones entre 25 y 450 MPa y velocidades de deformación entre 4.2·10-8 y 1.5·10-6 s-1. Se han determinado los parámetros de fluencia, obteniéndose para n valores entre 2.4 0.1 y 4.5 0.2 y Q=680 35 kJ.mol-1 en muestras sinterizadas durante 1 hora, y n entre 1.2 0.1 y 2.4 0.1 y Q=710 90 kJ.mol-1 para muestras sinterizadas durante 7 horas. Estos resultados se han correlacionado con la microestructura y se han propuesto como posibles mecanismos de deformación el deslizamiento de frontera de grano (GBS) acomodado por difusión en volumen, y el movimiento de dislocaciones, actuando ambos mecanismos de forma simultánea.Samples of α-SiC have been sintered with liquid phase (LPS) to 1950 ºC, in atmosphere of argon and processing times between 1 and 7 hours. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the microstructure of the samples has been characterized, being obtained average grain size that grows with the processing time from 0.64 to 1.61 µm. These samples have been deformed in compression under constant load, to temperatures between 1450 and 1625 ºC, stresses between 25 and 450 MPa and strain rate between 4.2·10-8 and 1.5·10-6 s1. The creep parameters have been determined, obtaining for n values between 2.4 0.1 and 4.5 0.2 and Q=680 35 kJ.mol-1 in samples sintered during 1 hour and n between 1.2 0.1 and 2.4 0.1 and Q=710 90 kJ.mol-1 for samples sintered during 7 hours. These results have been correlated with the microstructure, being the grain boundary sliding (GBS) accommodated by lattice diffusion and the movement of dislocations the possible deformation mechanisms, operating both in a simultaneous way

Augmented reality mobile application to promote e-Tourism of the architectural cultural heritage of Historic Center of Santa Anar

Este artículo presenta el resultado del proyecto de investigación aplicada ejecutado por las carreras de Técnico en Ingeniería de Sistemas Informáticos y Técnico en Gestión Tecnológica del Patrimonio Cultural de la Escuela Especializada en Ingeniería ITCA-FEPADE Centro Regional Santa Ana. El proyecto tuvo como objetivo principal promover el e-Turismo y difundir la riqueza de las estructuras arquitectónicas con valor patrimonial del Centro Histórico de la ciudad de Santa Ana. Con este propósito se desarrolló la aplicación ARquitec Santa Ana para dispositivos móviles. Esta App de realidad aumentada está disponible para la plataforma Android en sus versiones 7.0 Nougat (API 24) y posteriores, publicada en la Google Play Store y con acceso gratuito. La aplicación permite visualizar e interactuar con modelos 3D de los edificios más importantes y emblemáticos del Centro Histórico de Santa Ana y contiene además una reseña en formato de texto y fotografías de los mismos edificios. Los edificios recreados dentro de la App son: Catedral de Santa Ana, Teatro de Santa Ana, Palacio Municipal de Santa Ana, Centro de Arte de Occidente y Casa Ex Escalón. La aplicación es una herramienta útil para promover y divulgar la riqueza arquitectónica a través de modelos virtuales y contribuye a la comprensión y puesta en valor de las edificaciones y monumentos del Centro Histórico de Santa Ana. La App pueda ser utilizada en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, convirtiéndose en un recurso didáctico alternativo para la comprensión y valoración del patrimonio cultural dentro del aula

Juan Meserón: la vida de un músico enmarcada en la crisis del sistema colonial

The History of Venezuela is plagued by episodes of a certain political polarization. The most notable of these was the period in which the decline of the colonial system was described. For that reason, this study has a purpose to contextualize the life of the composer Juan Meserón in order to have a closer approximation of his biography. For this intention the Phases of the crisis of the Venezuelan colonial system described by Germán Carrera Damas (1983) are used as a guide to locate the historical events and deepen the life of the musician in study. This has allowed us to see the qualities of a Venezuelan, who, although in a principle of apparent ideological difference, was a true builder of society; being, the present document, a contribution to the revision of the historical awareness of our identity.La Historia de Venezuela está plagada de episodios de una cierta polarización política. La más notable de ellas fue precisamente el periodo donde se describe el ocaso del sistema colonial. En este sentido, el presente estudio tiene como propósito contextualizar la vida del compositor Juan Meserón para así tener una aproximación más cercana de su biografía. Para tal propósito se utilizan&nbsp; las Fases de la crisis del sistema colonial Venezolano descritas por Germán Carrera Damas (1983) cómo guía para ubicar los acontecimientos históricos y profundizar en &nbsp;la vida del músico en estudio.&nbsp; Esto nos ha permitido ver las cualidades de un venezolano, quien, aunque en un principio de aparente diferencia ideológica, fue un verdadero constructor de sociedad, siendo el presente documento un aporte a la revisión de la conciencia histórica de nuestra identidad.&nbsp

Diseño de un sistema tutorial inteligente

Los problemas de aprendizaje en la matemática a nivel licenciatura se reflejan en el bajo rendimiento escolar o, en el peor de los casos, en el truncamiento de una carrera, por no acreditar asignaturas relacionadas con ésta. Un alto porcentaje de alumnos no cumplen con los requerimientos mínimos en su aprendizaje y, conforme aumentan su comple - jidad, ocurre su rezago e incremento del índice de reprobación, lo que ocasiona en el alumnado angustia y frustración. La investigación se desarrolla en la Unidad Académica Profesional Nezahualcóyotl (UAP-Nezahualcóyotl) de la Universidad Autónoma del Es - tado de México (UAEM), con el objetivo de identificar los problemas en el aprendizaje de la matemática en los alumnos de nivel licenciatura y obtener, así, el modelo del sistema tutorial inteligente en matemáticas con la implementación de los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje

On Modeling the Behavior of Comparators for Complex Fuzzy Objects in a Fuzzy Object-Relational Database Management System

This paper proposes a parameterized definition for fuzzy comparators on complex fuzzy datatypes like fuzzy collections with conjunctive semantics and fuzzy objects. This definition and its implementation on a Fuzzy Object-Relational Database Management System (FORDBMS) provides the designer with a powerful tool to adapt the behavior of these operators to the semantics of the considered application."Consejeria de Innovacion Ciencia y Empresa de Andalucia" (Spain) P06-TIC-01570 P07-TIC-02611Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN) Spanish Government TIN2009-08296 TIN2007-68084-C02-0

Autotitrator based on an Arduino Open Source Pump

Acid–base titration is a quantitative analysis that enables knowing the quantity of acidic or basic groups present in a solution sample. It consists in the addition of base or acid to the solution sample while monitoring the pH to reach a neutral pH. The titration can be automated and here we present a low cost Arduino based Open Source Pump (OSPump) modified to act as an automated titrator with an obsolete but reliable Metrohm 713 pH meter. Our device is 50 times less expensive than second hand units from the pH meter manufacturer and inherently open to customization. We present two validation cases of study, including the lipolysis of a vegetable olive oil in water emulsion, characterized by the OSPump Titrator.Project PID2020-116615RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033EMERGIA grant with reference EMC21_00008 funded by Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación de la Junta de AndalucíaFEDER ‘‘ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) A way of making Europ