SOCIAL PERCEPTION AND MEDIA DISCOURSE IN IMMIGRATION IN SPAIN

Knowledge of migration and its implications requires a thorough analysis and rationality in addressing their multiple variables and their many interrelationships. In the field of migration, the journalistic discourse has made too many simplifications that have somehow disrupted and distorted the reality of the phenomenon. Racism is generally associated with highly polarized political or ideological positions and middle-low social classes, who continue to defend the stale traditional European biological racism. However, authors such as Van Dijk have introduced another form of racism, which they call "discursive racism", which is based on the discursive practices of the elite, be they private individuals or institutions, and is legitimized by the leadership or credibility of their promoters. This discourse is transmitted multiple avenues such as parliamentary debates, news releases, bureaucratic documents, the language used by the authorities or even textbooks in schools and universities. Some of its traits are: positive self-representation and negative presentation of the other, exhaustively denying racism or at least mitigating it, controlled discourses of minorities, which are practically in the hands of white elites and emphasizing the negative aspects and paying attention to the problems and needs of immigrants. In order to decipher the different view points shown in the media coverage of immigration, we performed an analysis of the press using the methodology of discourse analysis, referring to the classic works of Foucault, Bardin, and of contemporary scholars such as M. Stubbs, J. Lozano, Van Dijk, etc. We observed the presence of two ambivalent points of view. One is more suspicious or unwilling to accept immigration and its various implications, socioeconomic and cultural and the other shows a more proactive, tolerant and favorable attitude towards immigration. In this research, thorough analysis of El Mundo and El Pais (representative of Spanish opinions) was conducted. Among them, we became aware of the presence of an assertive discourse, which is generated and transmitted by "them" for the outgroup, which is generally perceived as a destabilizing and uncomfortable point of view that is often diminished or limited through the medias broadcastings. The discourse is occasionally used hyperbolically to exalt the attitudes ingroup solidarity, but ignoring or reducing the impact of the contents found within the discourse endorsed by the involved parties. It is commonplace to find an attenuated or exculpatory treatment of hate speech. It is also common to hear arguments that may justify certain behaviors, as well as the identification of these positions and behaviors with a minority

LOS CIMIENTOS DEL SISTEMA INTERNACIONAL DE DERECHOS HUMANOS: ANÁLISIS DESCRIPTIVO Y FUNCIONAL

This investigation pretends make a descriptive and functional analysis of the international legislative discurse of Human Rights. The object of analysis is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenants of Human Rights. The metodology used is descriptive analysis of legislation, to clarify the content of this texts and functional normative analysis, to find their objectives. This investigation is also based on the methodology of discurse analysis, pretending to indentify the issuer or issuers, the context, the claims and discursive estrategies, their referents and what the issuer desires or fears those which appeals and with which it inevitably interacts.En la presente investigación, se pretende hacer un análisis descriptivo y funcional del discurso normativo internacional de derechos humanos, tomando como objeto de análisis la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos y los Pactos Internacionales de Derechos Humanos. Se hace uso para ello de la metodología del análisis normativo descriptivo con el objeto de clarificar el contenido de dichos textos y el análisis normativo funcional, buscando la finalidad última de los mismos. Se asienta también esta investigación en la metodología del análisis de discurso, tratando en cada caso de identificar el emisor o emisores, su contexto, las pretensiones y las estrategias discursivas, sus referentes y lo que desea, espera o teme el emisor de aquellos a los que apela y con los que inevitablemente interactúa

How to study the early development of executive function? Let's put control back in the hands of children

We consider it necessary to consolidate a developmental theory of Executive Functions. Research based on standardized tasks have limitations that makes it difficult to study and analyze their development with children under the age of two years. To address these issues, we present a constructivist, pragmatic, semiotic, and sociocultural perspective to study the early development of Executive Functions in everyday situations. We propose to place the detailed analysis of children’s action at the center of the research. This perspective allows us to analyze their goals and means, as well as their search for understanding. In this perspective, the uses of the objects and gestures are the means that children employ to achieve their goals and build their understanding. We include three paradigmatic illustrations that exemplify this approachThis work was supported by Grant EDU 2015–64129-P, funded by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain); Grant CEAL-AL/ 2015–28, funded by UAM-Santander Bank Inter-University Cooperation Project with Latin America; Grant PID 2020-119147 GB-100 funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion/Agencia ´ Estatal de Investigacion/ ´ 10.13039/501100011033; Grant PEJ-2018-AI/SOC-9933 funded by Ministerio de Educación, Juventud y Deporte and European Social Fund; and Grant PRE 2021-097423 funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Agencia Estatal de Investigación de Espana ˜ (MCIN/AEI) and European Social Fund+

Relaciones entre Actividad Física y Salud Mental en la Población Adulta de Madrid

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las relaciones entre la actividad física, los niveles de salud mental y la vulnerabilidad a los trastornos mentales. Participaron 1.422 personas residentes en la Comunidad de Madrid (edad: 15-74 años), evaluándose sus niveles de actividad física y salud mental mediante los cuestionarios GPAQv2 (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Version 2) y GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire), respectivamente. Los resultados evidencian que los sujetos con niveles altos o moderados de actividad física total y en el tiempo libre presentaron niveles de salud mental superiores a aquellos que realizaban un nivel bajo de actividad física. Además, el nivel de la actividad física realizada en el tiempo libre mostró una relación inversa con la vulnerabilidad a los trastornos mentales.The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between physical activity, levels of mental health, and vulnerability to mental disorders. We performed a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1422 people from the Region of Madrid, aged between 15 and 74, assessing levels of physical activity and mental health through questionnaires GPAQv2 (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Version 2) and GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire), respectively. The results reveal that individuals with high or moderate total and recreational physical activity had higher levels of mental health than those who had a low level of physical activity. Furthermore, the level of physical activity during leisure time showed an inverse relationship with vulnerability to mental disorders.O objectivo deste trabalho foi analisar as relações entre a actividade física, os níveis de saúde mental e a vulnerabilidade aos transtornos mentais. Participaram 1.422 pessoas residentes na Comunidade de Madrid (idade: 15-74 anos), avaliando-se os seus níveis de actividade física e saúde mental através dos questionários GPAQv2 (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Version 2) e GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire), respectivamente. Os resultados evidenciam que os sujeitos com níveis elevados ou moderados de actividade física total apresentaram níveis de saúde mental superiores comparativamente com aqueles que realizavam um nível baixo de actividade física. Adicionalmente, o nível de actividade física realizada no tempo livre relacionou-se inversamente com a vulnerabilidade aos transtornos mentais

¿Qué comparten bisabuelos y bisnietos en contextos familiares? Análisis de una nueva relación intergeneracional.

The main aim of this study was to find out more about the role of great-grandparenthood. A group of participants with great-grandchildren (n=78) was interviewed using a questionnaire containing questions that had been put through a previous pilot study, covering participants’ sociodemographics, the activities that participants shared with their great-grandchildren, and their view of the role of great-grandparent and their related degree of satisfaction. The data were recorded and analyzed both with frequency tables and descriptive statistics and with the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The results showed several significant relationships between the shared activities and the sociodemographic variables, such as great-grandparents’ age (p ≤ .05), education (p ≤ .01), health status (p ≤ .05), the distance at which they live from their great-grandchildren (p ≤ .05). Also, it was found that participants generally consider the role of great-grandparent to be a continuation of their prior role as grandparent, albeit from the perspective of a formal intergenerational typology, distinct from the informal typology and, above all, opposed to the role of substitute/surrogate. Greater perceived satisfaction was associated with this typical interaction of the formal role (p ≤ .01). Great-grandparents may already be fulfilling a notable function in today’s four-generation families.El objetivo general de este trabajo es conocer mejor el rol de bisabuelidad. Se entrevistó a un grupo de voluntarios con bisnietos (n=78) mediante un cuestionario, cuyo contenido fue pilotado previamente, con preguntas sobre sus características sociodemográficas, las actividades que solían compartir con sus bisnietos y su opinión del rol de bisabuelidad, con la satisfacción asociada. Los datos fueron registrados y analizados tanto con tablas de frecuencia y estadísticos descriptivos, como con la prueba no-paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron numerosas relaciones significativas entre las actividades compartidas y aspectos socio-demográficos de los bisabuelos como la edad (p≤ .05), el nivel educativo (p≤ .01), la salud (p≤ .05), la distancia a la que viven de sus bisnietos (p≤ .05). Además, de mostrar que perciben su rol de bisabuelidad en general como una continuidad del rol anterior de abuelidad, aunque desde una tipología intergeneracional formal, distinta a la tipología informal y, sobre todo, opuesta a la del rol sustituto/subrogado. La mayor satisfacción percibida estaba asociada a esa interacción típica del rol formal (p ≤ .01). Los bisabuelos podrían estar cumpliendo ya alguna función destacable en las familias actuales de cuatro generaciones

Effect of green Spanish-style Manzanilla packaging conditions on the prevalence of the putative probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus pentosus TOMC-LAB2

This work focuses on the persistence of the putative probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus pentosus TOMC-LAB2 on green Spanish-style Manzanilla olives according to different packaging conditions and storage temperatures. The lactic acid bacteria population decreased with time but the highest survival counts (and lowest yeasts) at the end of storage (8 months) were observed in plastic pouches under nitrogen atmosphere and glass jars with brine stored at 20°C. Molecular techniques showed a 100% presence of the putative probiotic bacteria in biofilms adhered to olive epidermis, while it was absent in PPB (plastic pouches with brine) and in olives stored at 7°C. No changes in NaCl, pH or combined acidity were observed during the storage except for a slight increase in titratable acidity at 20°C. The color of the fruits was stable but degraded at 20°C for olives in plastic pouches with brine.The research leading to these results has received funding from the EU's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n°243471 (PROBIOLIVES) and the Junta de Andalucía (through financial support to group AGR-125). Thanks to JOLCA for supplying the fruits and the packages and to ASEMESA for its support. FNAL thanks the Spanish Government and CSIC for his Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral research contract, while VRG wishes to thank the AgriFood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Bank of Santander, Spanish Government, and ‘Aloreña de Málaga’ Olive Manufacturing Association for her predoctoral fellowship (training program of PhD in companies).EUR 1,172 APC fee funded by the EC FP7 Post-Grant Open Access PilotPeer reviewe

Fortification of table olive packing with the potential probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus pentosus TOMC-LAB2

© 2014 Rodríguez-Gómez, Romero-Gil, García-García, Garrido-Fernández and Arroyo-López. Dairy products are currently the main carriers of probiotic microorganisms to the human body. However, the development of new matrices for probiotic delivery is convenient for intolerant to milk (or its derivatives) and those requiring low-cholesterol diet consumers. The present work focused on the fortification of previously fermented green Spanish style olives with the autochthonous putative probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus pentosus TOMC-LAB2. The fortification was carried out by inoculating the bacteria into the packing brines using Manzanilla fruits from three different processes: (i) spontaneously fermented (F1), (ii) fermented using L. pentosus TOMC-LAB2 as starter (F2), and (iii) spontaneously fermented and then thermally treated (F3). Data showed that all inoculated treatments had higher population levels (5.49, 4.41, and 6.77 log10 cfu/cm2) than their respective controls (1.66, 4.33, and 0.0 log10 cfu/cm2, for F1, F2, and F3 treatments, respectively). The presence of L. pentosus TOMC-LAB2 on olive surface was confirmed by rep-PCR, with a recovery frequency at the end of the shelf life (200 days) of 52.6, 57.9, and 100.0% for F1, F2, and F3 treatments, respectively. Thus, results obtained in this work show the ability of this microorganism to survive under packing conditions for long period of times as well as to colonize the olive surface which is the food finally ingested by consumers. This opens the possibility for the development of a new and simply probiotic fortified olive product.he research leading to these results has received funding from the EU’s Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] under grant agreement no 243471 (PROBIOLIVES). We also thank the Spanish Government for financial support (projects AGL2009-07436/ALI, and AGL2010-15529/ALI partially financed by European regional development funds, ERDF), and the Junta de Andalucía (through financial support to group AGR-125). Thanks to JOLCA and ASEMESA for supplying the fruits and their own expertise for the development of this work. Francisco N. Arroyo-López wishes to express thanks for his Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral research contract (Spanish government).Peer Reviewe

Object pragmatics: Culture and communication. The bases for early cognitive development

This material has been published in revised form in "The Cambridge handbook of sociocultural psychology. Ed. Alberto Rosa and Jaan Valsiner" [https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316662229]. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution or re-use. © 2018 Cambridge University PressThis chapter has been written with the support of the Ministry of Economy of Spain (EDU2015–64129-P MINECO: FEDER

A aplicação dos métodos restaurativos na resolução dos conflitos migratórios: do combate à invisibilidade social ao reconhecimento dos direitos humanos dos refugiados e migrantes

The contemporary migratory crises have highlighted the need for countries to cooperate in providing humanitarian aid for the reception of migrants and refugees, in order to guarantee them the essential conditions for a dignified life with respect to human rights. However, in the context of fragility of social relations and the deconstitution of contemporary community ties, migratory conflicts have arisen as a result of the distorted perception of migrants and refugees, who are subjugated and invisible within the social sphere as enemies. In this way, the present research proposes a critical debate about the Brazilian performance within the system of international protection of human rights, in order to demystify the roots that guide the prejudices against the foreigner, who are symbolically marginalized within Brazilian society. In this regard, the study will seek to analyze the possibility of applying restorative methods, through public policy created within the scope of the Judiciary with the publication of Resolution nº 225/2016, by the National Council of Justice, as instruments of social pacification for migratory conflicts, by deconstructing stigmas against refugees and migrants, with a view to guaranteeing the building of solid bases for the effectiveness of human rights for all individuals. Such a study will be based on the use of exploratory research, with bibliographic and documentary procedures on Restorative Justice and its methods of application.As crises migratórias contemporâneas colocaram como destaque da preocupação internacional, a necessidade de cooperação dos países para a ajuda humanitária de acolhimento dos migrantes e refugiados, a fim de garantir a esses indivíduos as condições essenciais à vida digna, com respeito aos direitos humanos. No entanto, diante do contexto de fragilidade das relações sociais e da desconstituição dos vínculos comunitários contemporâneos, surgiram conflitos migratórios decorrentes da percepção distorcida que se faz dos migrantes e refugiados, que são subjugados e invisibilizados, dentro do seio social, como inimigos. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa propõe um debate crítico sobre a atuação brasileira dentro do sistema de proteção internacional dos direitos humanos, com o intuito de desmistificar as raízes que norteiam os preconceitos contra o estrangeiro, que são, simbolicamente, marginalizados dentro da sociedade brasileira. Nesse desiderato, o estudo buscará analisar a possibilidade de aplicação dos métodos restaurativos, por meio da política pública criada no âmbito do Poder Judiciário com a publicação da Resolução nº. 225/2016, pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça, como instrumentos de pacificação social para os conflitos migratórios, por meio da desconstrução dos estigmas contra os refugiados e migrantes, com vistas a garantir a edificação de bases sólidas para a efetividade dos direitos humanos a todos os indivíduos. Tal estudo se fundamentará no uso de pesquisa exploratória, com procedimentos bibliográficos e documentais acerca da Justiça Restaurativa e seus métodos de aplicação