Deontic Logic, Ideal Worlds, and Perfect Worlds

Las interpretaciones semánticas más fructíferas que se han ofrecido de los diversos sistemas axiomáticos de lógica deóntica se valen de la semántica de mundos posibles. Sin embargo, existen serios cuestionamientos contra dicha reconstrucción semántica en el dominio normativo. Entre aquellos de corte más filosófico se cuentan el fuerte compromiso ontológico que la semántica de mundos posibles requeriría asumir, así como la necesidad de aceptar que las normas serían susceptibles de verdad o falsedad. En el presente trabajo se intentará justificar que, no obstante tales objeciones, existe al menos un camino posible para preservar la riqueza de análisis que ofrece la semántica de mundos posibles para la lógica deóntica sin asumir tan problemáticos compromisos. Por otra parte, se examinarán algunas consecuencias significativas que se siguen de la utilización de esa interpretación semántica, centradas en la diferencia que media entre las nociones de mundos normativamente ideales y mundos normativamente perfectos.The most profitable semantic interpretations of the various axiomatic systems of deontic logic have been presented in terms of possible-worlds semantics. However, several objections have been raised against the use of this semantic framework in the normative domain. Among those most philosophical in character, it has been remarked the strong ontological commitment of possible-worlds semantics, as well as the need to assume in deontic logic that norms are capable of truth-values. In this paper I will try to maintain that, in spite of those objections, there is at least one possible way to preserve the analytical power of possible-worlds semantics for deontic logic without such problematic assumptions. Moreover, I will examine some interesting consequences that follow from this semantic interpretation, that stem from the difference between the notions of normatively ideal worlds and normatively perfect worlds

17-Acetoxymulinic acid

The title compound, [systematic name: 5a-acetoxymethyl-3-isopropyl-8-methyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,5a,6,7,10,10a,10b-dodecahydro-7,10-endo-epidioxycyclohepta[e]indene-3a-carboxylic acid], C22H32O6 (I), is closely related to methyl 5a-acetoxymethyl-3-isopropyl-8-methyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,5a,6,7,10,10a,10b-dodecahydro-7,10-endo-epidioxycyclohepta[e]indene-3a-carboxylate, (II) [Brito et al., (2008 [triangle]). Acta Cryst. E64, o1209]. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit, which are linked by two strong intramolecular O—H ... O hydrogen bonds with graph-set motif R 2 2(8). In both (I) and (II), the conformation of the three fused rings are almost identical. The five-membered ring has an envelope conformation, the six-membered ring has a chair conformation and the seven-membered ring has a boat conformation. The most obvious differences between the two compounds is the observed disorder of the acetoxymethyl fragments in both molecules of the asymmetric unit of (I). This disorder is not observed in (II). The crystal structure and the molecular conformation is stabilized by intermolecular C—H ... O hydrogen bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds is different in the two compounds. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin, the ratio of the twin components being 0.28 (1):0.72 (1

Colloidal Synthesis of Gold Semishells

This work describes a novel and scalable colloid chemistry strategy to fabricate gold semishells based on the selective growth of gold on Janus silica particles (500 nm in diameter) partly functionalized with amino groups. The modulation of the geometry of the Janus silica particles allows us to tune the final morphology of the gold semishells. This method also provides a route to fabricating hollow gold semishells through etching of the silica cores with hydrofluoric acid. The optical properties were characterized by visible near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy and compared with simulations performed using the boundary element method (BEM). These revealed that the main optical features are located beyond the NIR region because of the large core size

Columnas Compuestas de Hormigón y Acero SRC, Sujetas a Flexocompresión Biaxial

The work presented is based on experimental and theoretical analysis of SRC composite columns subjected to biaxial bending and axial compression, where the specification of American and European code criteria are used to calculate de load bending strength. The computer program to calculate the interaction diagram of biaxial bending and axial compression with inclined neutral axis is made in the software Matlab by using the fiber method, besides, the strength of the specimen is calculated. Users can design new frame sections and check the exist sections. To obtain the displacements and load curve, to calculate load contours and determination of the interaction family curves of the modeled sections. The destructive performance of the round and rectangle composite columns are made in the structures laboratory of EPN to obtain the results such as the buckling displacement at strong, weak and longitudinal direction measured with LVDT´S. Subsequently, the theoretical and experimental analysis results are made to demonstrate the reliability of the numeric model.Keywords: Composite Columns, Concrete, Stee

Embedded System Generating Trajectories of a Robot Manipulator of Five Degrees of Freedom (D.O.F)

system of the final effector in a desired orientation and position. To do this, algorithms must be used to generate and control the coordinated movements of the robot joints. This article will deal with three movements (MOVEJ, MOVES and MOVEC) implemented in the industrial controller CompactRIO, which can be combined so that the robot can develop any task that is scheduled.Keywords: MCD, MCI, CompactRIO, Slerp

Theoretical parameters of trailing vortices versus aspect ratio of wing models

We perform 2D-PIV measurements to characterize trailing vortices in NACA0012 wing models for aspect ratios ranging between 1 and 2.5, and for chord-based Reynolds numbers from 7000 to 40000. Firstly, and regarding the influence of the Reynolds number, the increase of this dimensionless parameter generates a more concentrated and intense vortex, presenting, therefore, an increase in all its characteristic magnitudes: maximum azimuthal velocity and vorticity. Secondly, the greater the aspect ratio, the greater the vortex strength is observed. Thirdly, the radial location of the peak of the azimuthal velocity has a strong decay as the aspect ratio increases for Re=7000, but it changes its trend for Re=40000.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain) Grant No. DPI2013-40479-P and DPI2016-76151-C2-1-R and Junta de Andalucía Grant No. P11-TEP-7776

A Precise Electrical Disturbance Generator for Neural Network Training with Real Level Output

Power Quality is defined as the study of the quality of electric power lines. The detection and classification of the different disturbances which cause power quality problems is a difficult task which requires a high level of engineering expertise. Thus, neural networks are usually a good choice for the detection and classification of these disturbances. This paper describes a powerful tool, developed by the Institute for Natural Resources and Agrobiology at the Scientific Research Council (CSIC) and the Electronic Technology Department at the University of Seville, which generates electrical patterns of disturbances for the training of neural networks for PQ tasks. This system has been expanded to other applications (as comparative test between PQ meters, or test of effects of power-line disturbances on equipment) through the addition of a specifically developed high fidelity power amplifier, which allows the generation of disturbed signals at real levels.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología DPI2006-15467-C02-0

Reinforcement and Curriculum Learning for Off-Road Navigation of an UGV with a 3D LiDAR

This paper presents the use of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) for autonomous navigation of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) with an onboard three-dimensional (3D) Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor in off-road environments. For training, both the robotic simulator Gazebo and the Curriculum Learning paradigm are applied. Furthermore, an Actor–Critic Neural Network (NN) scheme is chosen with a suitable state and a custom reward function. To employ the 3D LiDAR data as part of the input state of the NNs, a virtual two-dimensional (2D) traversability scanner is developed. The resulting Actor NN has been successfully tested in both real and simulated experiments and favorably compared with a previous reactive navigation approach on the same UGV.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Criterios metodológicos a considerar para la selección del talento deportivo en el Taekwondo.

To select the sport talent, maybe be the most complex activity in the process of the long term sportsman\u27s formation. Therefore, to apply their principles and norms appropriately, it should leave, above all, of a deep consultation of the specialized bibliography that approaches this thematic one in their general conception and particularly in the sport of Taekwondo. The proposed present offers a description of the methodological approaches that you/they sustain the selection of talents in this sport modality, becoming an instrument that contributes to the improvement of this activity and that it serves from guide to the specialists to conform its sport teams appropriately.Seleccionar el talento deportivo, quizás sea la actividad más compleja en el proceso de formación del deportista a largo plazo. Por tanto, aplicar adecuadamente sus principios y normas, debe partir, ante todo, de una profunda consulta de la bibliografía especializada que aborde esta temática en su concepción general y particularmente en el deporte de Taekwondo. La presente propuesta ofrece una descripción de los criterios metodológicos que sustentan la selección de talentos en esta modalidad deportiva, convirtiéndose en un instrumento que contribuye al perfeccionamiento de esta actividad y que sirve de guía a los especialistas para conformar adecuadamente sus equipos deportivos

Evaluación de la calidad de la vivienda económica para los beneficiarios del programa de reasentamientos de la Caja de la Vivienda Popular, relacionado con la oferta de vivienda para la vigencia 2014 para Bogotá D.C.

Trabajo de investigaciónEl estudio de la calidad de la vivienda económica se basó en las directrices dadas por el Ministerio de Vivienda, Desarrollo Territorial y Urbano de Colombia, También en los conceptos de la Secretaria Distrital del Hábitat y en el conocimiento adquirido por muchos años por la Caja de la Vivienda Popular. La Inclusión Social fue una de las líneas o ejes determinantes para la construcción del Plan de Desarrollo Distrital de la BOGOTA HUMANA. El proyecto pretendió comparar la calidad y economía de la vivienda ofertada por constructores particulares, con el fin de que sirvieran de solución o alternativa habitacional para los ciudadanos usuarios del programa de Reasentamientos humanos de la CVP. Los temas que se trataron para el desarrollo del presente proyecto tenían que ver con los conceptos de calidad de la vivienda, la economía en la construcción de vivienda y la inclusión social que se podrían generar al dar estas soluciones habitacionales, a los beneficiarios del programa de reasentamientos humanos de la CVP. El proyecto escogido para este desarrollo fue el denominado LA GLORIA DE DIOS, que consistió en apartamentos, en desarrollo vertical y que fue una apuesta arriesgada puesto que estas familias no estaban acostumbradas a vivir en este tipo de edificación.EspecializaciónEspecialista en Gerencia de Obras Civile