On category of negation in modern english

The paper considers category of negation. The ways of manifestation of the category in modern English texts of various styles are analyzed and classified. These are compared to the ones in the Russian language.В статье рассматривается категория отрицания. На материале современного английского языка в сопоставлении с русским анализируются и описываются способы выражения данной категории в текстах различных стилей. Сделана попытка классифицировать выявленные способы реализации исследуемой категории

Multicriteria combinatorial optimization problems on a set of polypermutations.

The studies on multicriteria combinatorial optimization are continued. A possible approach to solving multicriterion problems is developed and substantiated. An algorithm is developed and implemented. Some peculiarities of efficient solutions to multicriterion problems are described

Novel method for refinement of retained austenite in micro/nano-structured bainitic steels

A comparative study was conducted to assess the effects of two different heat treatments on the amount and morphology of the retained austenite in a micro/nano-structured bainitic steel. The heat treatments used in this work were two-stage bainitic transformation and bainitic-partitioning transformation. Both methods resulted in the generation of a multi-phase microstructure containing nanoscale bainitic ferrite, and/or fresh martensitic phases and much finer retained austenite. Both heat treatments were verified to be effective in refining the retained austenite in micro/nano-structured bainite and increasing the hardness. However, the bainitic transformation followed by partitioning cycle was proved to be a more viable approach than the two-stage bainitic transformation due to much shorter processing time, i.e. ∼2 h compared to ∼4 day, respectively

Social correlation of professional educational services and labor market as a vector of successful social and economic development

The article provides the results of a sociological research of university graduates and employers of the Stavropol territory. The systematic study of the key groups of university services consumers' views regarding the regional labour market is substantiated. University graduates perceive their chosen professions through the prism of the delayed in time life prospects and the successful employment which is a current issue for them; only 40% of them directly link their choice to the attractiveness of the profession. Employers in the region note a significant gap between the expected and the actual wages in different types of activities and the complexities of finding employment, which are not directly dependent on the level of the wage.peer-reviewe

РОЛЬ НАУКОВОГО ГУРТКА У ФАХОВІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ СТУДЕНТІВ

In the current context of higher education reform, there is a redistribution of academic hours, with reduced number of lectures and practical classes and increased workload for students to prepare themselves. In the training of doctors, the practical component of training remains perhaps the most important. The types of educational activities of students according to the curriculum are lectures, practical classes and students’ independent work. The latter occupies an important place in the course of teaching the discipline. In order to encourage students to gain practical experience with the patient, perform scientific work, etc., students should be encouraged to participate in the work of scientific circles at the departments. During the preparation of the meetings of the circle and its conducting, the teacher becomes more familiar with the most active and purposeful students, who seek not only to deepen their knowledge during extracurricular time, but are involved in the implementation of scientific work, participate in the Olympiad, prepare scientific papers for participation in higher education all-Ukrainian competitions of scientific works. The Student Science Circle is a full-fledged, non-classroom method of student’s training. The participation of students in the work of scientific circles promotes research activities, the formation of creative abilities, the increase of general self-esteem and self-realization of students. An important condition for the formation of quality education is the development of a creative component of a specialist with the support of their cognitive activity and independence, which supports professional growth of a future doctor.У сучасних умовах реформування вищої освіти має місце перерозподіл навчальних годин із зменшенням лекцій і практичних занять та збільшенням навантаження для самостійної підготовки студентів. У підготовці лікарів практична складова підготовки залишається чи не найбільш вагомою. Видами навчальної діяльності студентів згідно з навчальним планом є лекції, практичні заняття і самостійна робота студентів. Вагоме місце у процесі навчання дисципліни займає самостійна робота студентів. Для заохочення студентів у набутті практичного досвіду роботи із хворим, виконанні наукової роботи тощо слід запропонувати участь студентів у роботі наукових гуртків на кафедрах. Під час підготовки засідань гуртка та його проведення викладач більш глибоко знайомиться з активними та цілеспрямованими студентами, які прагнуть не тільки поглиблювати свої знання у позааудиторний час, але й залучаються до виконання наукової роботи, беруть участь у проведенні олімпіад, готують наукові роботи для участі у вузівських та всеукраїнських конкурсах наукових робіт. Студентський науковий гурток є повноцінним позааудиторним методом підготовки студентів. Участь студентів у роботі наукових гуртків сприяє науково-дослідницькій діяльності, формуванню творчих здібностей, підвищенню загальної самооцінки та самореалізації студентів. Важливою умовою формування якісної освіти є розвиток творчої складової фахівця з підтримкою в нього пізнавальної активності та самостійності, що підтримує професійний ріст майбутнього лікаря

Appealing the diagnosis of occupational disease (clinical and expert case).

The article presents a clinical and expert case of appealing the diagnosis of occupational disease. Purpose: to provide an example of substantiated answer to the court action concerning the appeal of the diagnosis of occupational disease. A medical history of a patient who worked as an electric welder suffering from chronic bronchitis is described. Data on regulatory documents, acting in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine are presented. The main controversial issues that arise when linking the disease to working conditions are studied

Appealing the diagnosis of occupational disease (clinical and expert case).

The article presents a clinical and expert case of appealing the diagnosis of occupational disease. Purpose: to provide an example of substantiated answer to the court action concerning the appeal of the diagnosis of occupational disease. A medical history of a patient who worked as an electric welder suffering from chronic bronchitis is described. Data on regulatory documents, acting in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine are presented. The main controversial issues that arise when linking the disease to working conditions are studied

Activity of Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Genes in Ligamentum Flavum Biopsies of Patients with Spinal Canal and Dural Sac Stenosis at the Lumbar Level

Parathyroid hormone receptors PTH1R and PTH2R are poorly studied in the pathology of the vertebral column and may be involved in both ectopic ossification of the vertebral ligaments and fibrous growth of the extracellular matrix, as well as in other unknown processes occurring in the pathological focus. Aim. To study the expression of genes encoding parathyroid hormone receptors in intraoperative Ligamentum flavum samples of patients with stenosis of the spinal canal and the lumbar dural sac of the spine and to assess the correlation with the expression of other genes active in connective tissue in conditions of developing pathology.Materials and methods. Studies of the Ligamentum flavum were performed in 33 patients (17 women, 16 men) with stenotic processes of the spinal canal and dural sac of the lumbar spine. RNA was isolated from the biopsies using Qiagen reagents (Germany). Then reverse transcription was performed. cDNA was used for setting up a polymerase chain reaction (Promega Reagents, USA) using a CFX96 thermal cycler (Biorad, USA) with specially selected specific primers.Results. The expression of genes encoding parathyroid hormone receptors PTH1R and PTH2R was detected and evaluated for the first time in intraoperative Ligamentum flavum samples of patients with spinal canal and dural sac stenosis, and their relationship with the activity of genes encoding estradiol receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) and FGFR3 was revealed. For the first time, common features of PTH1R and PTH2R gene expression, as well as their differences, were revealed. It is proved that the intensity of expression of parathyroid hormone receptors in intraoperative Ligamentum flavum biopsies does not depend on age, gender, or the presence of bone and cartilage nodes according to MRI results. The interdependence of differential changes in the expression of genes of the receptor apparatus involved in the metabolism of Ligamentum flavum tissues was  revealed

Enzyme systems activity and connective tissue metabolism as pathogenetic factors of spinal stenosis (literature review)

A characteristic feature of stenosis process of the spinal canal is the destruction of elastin and fibrosis of the extracellular matrix, as well as hypertrophy and ossification of the ligamentum flavum. Proven participation in these processes of genes CTGF, PDGF-BB, TGF-ß, Il-6, TNF-α, MMPs, TIMPs, etc. Potent inducer of extracellular deposition of collagen in hypertrophies ligamentum flavum is TGF-ß; GDF-5 has osteogenic effect, increases the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the expression of osteocalcin, induces mineralization; FGFR3 gene expression contributes to the closure of synchondroses and merging of centers of ossification, contributing to excess synthesis of bone tissue, etc. Local or a systemic effect on the expression of these genes may be effective to prevent progression of the disease. Predisposition to stenosis and responsiveness to therapy is genetically determined and is expressed in individual differences in metabolic status. A very important role in the pathobiochemistry of connective tissue are the processes of acetylation by regulating the expression of essential genes that affects all intracellular processes and especially in the fibrogenesis. An imbalance of acetylation may lead to excessive synthesis of collagen, accelerating the growth of connective tissue, disruption of lipid homeostasis. Therefore, it is relevant as the definition of NAT2 polymorphism and phenotypic identification of the rate of acetylation in the population, as well as finding relationships with various pathological processes. Meaningful impact on the processes of acetylation may contribute to the sanogenesis. The information presented in the review is important for the formation of a new perspective on the pathogenesis of stenosis process in the spinal canal and can contribute to the development of new approaches to treatment