La recepción y la difusión del De imitatione Christi en la España del Siglo de Oro

The aim of this paper is to show insight into the Golden Age Spain a devotional work composed by the middle of the fifteenth century, the Imitatio Christi, which has been attributed to the Dutch Augustinian monk Thomas a Kempis. Being the most widespread work after the Bible in the Christian tradition, struck by the paucity of studies on diffusion and influence in Golden Age Spain. The present contribution, demonstrating that this work was widely disseminated Spain, by the large number of editions and translations, intended to open the field for future research in the literary field. We insist particularly in the case of Diego de Estella, whose work is postulated that the influence of the Imitatio Christi is so obvious that the model becomes transparent.El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de mostrar la penetración en la España del Siglo de Oro de una obra devocional compuesta hacia la mitad del siglo XV, la Imitatio Christi, que ha sido atribuida al monje agustino holandés Thomas a Kempis. Al tratarse de la obra de mayor difusión después de la Biblia en la tradición cristiana, llama la atención la escasez de estudios sobre su difusión e influencia en la España del Siglo de Oro. La presente contribución, al demostrar que esta obra tuvo amplia difusión en España, por la gran cantidad de ediciones y de traducciones, pretende abrir el campo a futuras pesquisas en el campo literario. Insistimos en particular en el caso de Diego de Estella, en cuya obra se postula que la influencia de la Imitatio Christi es tan evidente que el modelo se hace transparente

Rapid Publication Prostaglandin E2 and Collagenase Production by Fibroblasts and Synovial Cells Is Regulated by Urine-derived Human Interleukin 1 and Inhibitor(s)

Abstract Interleukin 1 (IL-1) possesses multiple biological activities that may be blocked selectively by different inhibitors. Some known inhibitors block the lymphocyte activating factor (LAF/IL-1) but not the mononuclear cell factor (MCF/IL-1) measured by its capacity to stimulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and colingenase production. The presence of IL-1 in vivo may be difficult to detect due to the presence of inhibitor(s) and the level of the inhibitor(s) may vary depending upon pathological conditions. We have found that urine from three patients with monocytic leukemia (M5) contained high levels of inhibitor(s) of MCF/II-1, whereas urine of normal subjects did not contain significant amounts. Urine from two patients with other blood neoplasic diseases also contained little inhibitory activity. The MCF/IL-1 inhibitor(s), which also acts on human recombinant IL-1 ft, is -25-35 kD, is not retained on concanavalin A-Sepharose column and can be partially destroyed with urea and boiling. At this stage of the purification the fraction containing the MCF/IL-1 inhibitor(s) also inhibits the LAF/IL-1 assay. However, this inhibitor(s) is probably distinct from other inhibitors already described

TNFR1 and TNFR2 in the Control of the Life and Death Balance of Macrophages

Macrophages stand in the first line of defense against a variety of pathogens but are also involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. To fulfill their functions macrophages sense a broad range of pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) by plasma membrane and intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Intriguingly, the overwhelming majority of PPRs trigger the production of the pleiotropic cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). TNF affects almost any type of cell including macrophages themselves. TNF promotes the inflammatory activity of macrophages but also controls macrophage survival and death. TNF exerts its activities by stimulation of two different types of receptors, TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2, which are both expressed by macrophages. The two TNF receptor types trigger distinct and common signaling pathways that can work in an interconnected manner. Based on a brief general description of major TNF receptor-associated signaling pathways, we focus in this review on research of recent years that revealed insights into the molecular mechanisms how the TNFR1-TNFR2 signaling network controls the life and death balance of macrophages. In particular, we discuss how the TNFR1-TNFR2 signaling network is integrated into PRR signaling

L'église de Lascelle (Cantal)

Rochemonteix Adolphe de. L'église de Lascelle (Cantal). In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 65, année 1901. pp. 37-44