Cultura e clima organizacionais no Ministério das Comunicações

As organizações visam sempre a produtividade de seus funcionários, com isso, uma forma de avaliar e mensurar o grau de satisfação e motivação que afeta positivamente ou negativamente na execução do trabalho, é a observação dos fatores que incidem sobre seus colaboradores, para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de Cultura e Clima Organizacionais na instituição. Um trabalhador satisfeito e motivado rende e produz mais, ou seja, o lucro da organização aumenta. A pesquisa de Cultura e Clima Organizacionais foi aplicada no Ministério das Comunicações - MC. O trabalho é composto de uma pesquisa que visa observar e mensurar a satisfação dos empregados e o que isto pode afetar no atendimento ao público dado na Coordenação de Radiodifusão Comunitária - CORAC. Ele foi dividido em um embasamento teórico, um questionário aplicado no local onde foi identificado o problema e nos resultados obtidos. A necessidade de um estudo sobre Cultura e Clima Organizacionais, voltados para as motivações dos funcionários e o que afeta no atendimento surgiu das constantes reclamações dos clientes nos serviços de atendimento e informações quanto à tramitação de processo de concessão e na falta de motivação percebida entre os funcionários. A análise dos resultados da pesquisa teve grande relevância no trabalho, pois identificou as prováveis causas do problema, com a intenção de mudança e aplicação de ações direcionadas à melhoria no atendimento ao público e mobilização da motivação

Literatura infantil e a representação familiar nas obras do acervo complementar distribuídas pelo MEC/FNDE para as turmas do ano 3 do primeiro ciclo - PNLD 2013/2014/2015

Este trabalho analisa as representações familiares presentes nas obras do acervo complementar do PNLD, referente ao triênio 2013/2015, correspondente ao ano 3 do primeiro ciclo. O acervo corresponde ao material didático do PNAIC que tem como um dos eixos promover o acesso a tal suporte. Para tanto, os modelos de Regina Zilberman (2003), servem de base para a análise que visa explorar quais estruturas familiares aparecem nas obras infantis enviadas às escolas da rede pública. As obras foram selecionadas e analisadas de acordo com as representações que exprimem. O trabalho fundamentou-se no conceito de leitura emancipatória de Magalhães (1987) e nas funções da literatura descritas por Compagnon (2010). Considerando a leitura como um direito universal do indivíduo, políticas públicas que garantem seu acesso foram identificadas. A constituição da família embasada a partir de Ariès (1975) favorece a análise das representações. A nova constituição familiar é trazida com o conceito de parentalidade de Roudinesco (2003). As obras selecionadas foram examinadas em sua qualidade literária, levando em conta a figura do narrador e do leitor como sujeito (ISER, 1996). A temática da genealogia e ancestralidade foram recorrentes, utilizando-se da figura dos avós numa perspectiva de valorização da família e dos mais velhos. O sentimento de comunidade aparece em ambientes não-urbanos em três obras analisadas. As fases da vida também surgem como assunto freqüente nas narrativas, evidenciando a importância dos ritos de passagem. A quebra de padrões surge em duas narrativas com caráter emancipatório.This work analyzes the family representations present in the works of the PNLD’s complementary collection, referring to the triennium 2013/2015, corresponding to year 3 of the first cycle. The collection corresponds to the didactic material of the PNAIC that has as one of the axes to promote access to such support. To do so, the models of Regina Zilberman (2003), serve as the basis for the analysis that aims to explore which family structures appear in the children's works sent to public schools. The works were selected and analyzed according to the representations they express. The work it was founded on the concept of emancipatory reading of Magalhães (1987) and in the functions of the literature described by Compagnon (2010). Considering reading as a universal right of the individual, public policies that guarantee their access have been identified. The constitution of the family based on Ariès (1975) it favors the analysis of representations. The new family constitution is brought with the concept of parenthood of Roudinesco (2003). The selected works were examined in their literary quality, taking into account the figure of the narrator and the active reader as a subject ( ISER, 1996). The genealogy theme and ancestry were recurrent, using the figure of the grandparents in a perspective of valuing the family and the elders. The feeling of community appears in non-urban environments in three analyzed works. The phases of life also appear as frequent subjects in the narratives, evidencing the importance of rites of passage. The breaking of patterns appears in two narratives with an emancipatory character

Por um ensino com graça: literatura e humor na sala de aula.

A presente pesquisa tem como foco o relato e a reflexão sobre uma experiência de leitura compartilhada, realizada em uma turma do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública no interior de Pernambuco, com os cordéis Proezas de João Grilo, de João Ferreira de Lima e João Martins de Athayde, e As palhaçadas de Pedro Malazarte, de Francisco Sales Areda. Através dos dados desta experiência, buscou-se observar as contribuições que o humor pode trazer para o ensino de literatura e leitura literária. Ao longo das discussões sobre a recepção dos textos, procuramos averiguar também de que forma os alunos compreenderam a construção humorística das histórias e dos personagens dos referidos folhetos. Para discorrer sobre os aspectos gerais do riso e do humor, tomamos como ponto de partida as discussões de alguns teóricos, tais como Bergson (2004), Propp (1992), Travaglia (1990) e Martins (2003). No que diz respeito ao estudo sobre a capacidade do humor de comportar a crítica social, nos apoiamos, sobretudo, nas colocações de Bakhtin (1987) e Frye (1957), acerca da sátira. Os estudos dos referidos autores também corroboraram as análises sobre a constituição dos personagens de cada um dos folhetos, enfocados também a partir das discussões de González (1994;1988) acerca da neopicaresca. A literatura de cordel e suas principais características, importantes para a formação do aluno enquanto leitor, foram elucidadas principalmente a partir das discussões de Pinheiro (2013), Marinho e Pinheiro (2012), Abreu (1999) e Ayala (1997). Por fim, para descrever a experiência em sala de aula, nos apropriamos de questões sobre o ensino de leitura literária, elencadas por alguns documentos oficiais, tais como as Orientações Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio (2006) e por alguns estudiosos, como Cosson (2006), Rouxel (2014), Colomer (2007) e Aguiar e Bordini (1988). Os dados da experiência de leitura deram luz a importantes discussões acerca da formação de leitores, uma vez que foi possível evidenciar que a metodologia utilizada nas intervenções levou os estudantes a estabelecerem relações significativas com os folhetos, o que demonstrou a possibilidade de aproximar texto e aluno a partir de um trabalho de leitura literária em sala de aula que leve em consideração as experiências dos sujeitos. A recepção dos textos também corroborou a ideia de que o humor e a literatura de cordel podem se converter em uma alternativa para promover o cultivo de um pensamento crítico e ao mesmo tem podespertar no aluno o gosto pela leitura de literatura na escola.This research focuses the description and reflection on a shared reading experience, done in a class of the first year of high school in a public school in the interior of Pernambuco, with the twines Proezas de João Grilo, by João Ferreira de Lima and João Martins de Athayde, and As palhaçadas de Pedro Malazarte, by Francisco Sales Areda. Through the data of this experiment, we tried to observe the contributions that humor can bring to the teaching of literature and literary reading. Throughout the discussions on the reception of texts, we also seek to find out how the students understood the humorous construction of the stories and characters of these leaflets. In this perspective, to discuss general aspects of laughter and humor, we take as a starting point the discussions of some theorists, such as Bergson (2004), Propp (1992) Travaglia (1990) and Martins (2003). With regard to the study on the capacity of humor to contain social criticism, we support mostly on placements of Bakhtin (1987) and Frye (1957), about satire. The studies of these authors also corroborated the analysis of the constitution of the characters in each of the leaflets, focused also from discussions of González (1994; 1988) about neopicaresca. The cordel literature and its main characteristics, important to the formation of the student as a reader, were elucidated mainly from discussions of Pinheiro(2013), Marinho and Pinheiro (2012), Abreu (1999) and Ayala (1997). Finally, to describe the experience in the classroom, we appropriate questions about the literary reading teaching, listed by some official documents such as Orientações Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio (2006) and by some scholars as Cosson ( 2006), Rouxel (2014), Colomer (2007) and Aguiar and Bordini (1988). The reading experience data gave birth to important discussions about the formation of readers, since it became clear that the methodology used in the interventions took the students to establish meaningful relationships with the leaflets, which demonstrated the possibility to approach text and student from a literary work of reading in the classroom that takes into account the experiences of the subjects. The reception of the texts also supported the idea that humor and cordel literature can become an alternative to promote the cultivation of critical thinking and at the same time awakening in students the interest for reading literature in school.Cape

A Grounded Theory Investigation into the Process and Effects of Service-Learning in Counselor Education

Service-learning is an approach to experiential learning that is relatively unexplored among graduate students. The authors of this study sought to understand the process and effects of service-learning among 76 graduate counseling students enrolled in an “Introduction to Community Counseling” course over three semesters, 40 of whom engaged in service-learning. Analyzing students’ reflection papers, projects, and blog entries via a grounded-theory approach, the study generated a model of how service-learning impacted these students’ learning and sense of counselor identity. Students went through a process of development: They began with personal engagement, became overwhelmed, readjusted their expectations, and then reconstructed their individual counselor identities.

Stress and recovery perception, creatine kinase levels, and performance parameters of male volleyball athletes in a preseason for a championship

Background: Training load and adequate recovery have been identified as essential elements to improve wellbeing and performance in team sports and avoid non-functional overreaching and overtraining. Objective: This cohort study sought to analyze the stress and recovery perceptions, creatine kinase levels (CK), and vertical jump performance of volleyball athletes at different training times during a championship preseason. Methods: Thirteen high-level male volleyball players (23.80 ± 5.40 years, 91.50 ± 8.80 kg, and 193.10 ± 6.40 cm) completed the RESTQ-Sport questionnaire on stress and recovery perception, and blood samples were collected to evaluate CK levels. These measures were performed six times over 16 weeks, while jumps such as squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and countermovement jump arm (CMJA) were performed at three of those times for specific performance evaluation. Results: The stress perception and recovery perception indices increased and decreased, respectively, in the precompetitive phase, while CK levels presented an initial rise, maintenance over the training period, and a drop. Vertical jump heights increased significantly throughout the preparatory period regardless of the type of jump. In all training phases, CMJA values exceeded CMJ and SJ values, and CMJ values exceeded SJ values. Conclusions: Positive adaptations were elicited by training stimuli, resulting in improvements in performance. Conversely, load training variables indicated higher levels of stress and muscle damage, together with lower perceptions of recovery during the championship preseason

Improvement in muscular strength and aerobic capacities in elderly people occurs independently of physical training type or exercise model

OBJECTIVES: Progressive decline of physiological processes with aging is normal. Aging is also associated with decreased functional capacity and onset of many diseases. This study evaluated the changes in physical fitness (PF), body composition (BC), and lipid profile (LP) in elderly men completing different training protocols. METHODS: Fifty-five men (age 60-80 years) were randomized into the following groups: without training, aerobic training on dry land, combined training on dry land, and combined training in water. Training was conducted for 8 weeks, and PF, LP, and BC were assessed at the beginning and end of the intervention. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in all parameters; however, combined programs on land or in water were more effective at improving strength and aerobic fitness. Combined exercise produced greater effects on BC and LP and some muscle fitness parameters; however, improvements in muscular and aerobic capacities occurred independently of exercise type or model. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the effects of training occur regardless of training type or model, and are directly associated with training periodization, adherence, and regularit

Breastfeeding, deleterious oral habits and malocclusion in 5-year-old children in São Pedro, SP, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of malocclusion and their associations with the type and period of breastfeeding, deleterious oral habits, and information received by mothers during the pre-natal period, in 5-year-old children attending municipal daycare centers. METHODS: The sample consisted of 162 children resident in the municipality of São Pedro, SP, Brazil. In an interview with each of the mothers, information was collected about the time and form of breastfeeding, presence of deleterious habits, and information the mother received during the pre-natal period. The epidemiological exam was performed at the daycare center facilities by a single, previously calibrated examiner, under direct lighting. The following variables were evaluated: presence and severity of malocclusion [slight overcrowding and spacing (OS)], open occlusal relationship (open bite) (OPB), vertical overlap (over bite) (OVB), uni- or bilateral cross bite (CB), positive overjet (OV) and the primary second molar terminal plane relationship (TPR)]. Data analysis consisted of univariate analysis (chi-square test) and multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS: The prevalence of malocclusions was 95.7% (OS = 22.8%; OPB = 24.7%; OVB = 20.4%; CB = 14.8%; and OV = 13.0%). In TPR the straight terminal plane was predominant (85.0%). Among the deleterious oral habits, the use of a pacifier was the only risk indicator (OR = 5.25; p = 0.001) for open occlusal relationship (open bite) in children that used it for over three years, detected in the logistic regressions. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of malocclusions and deleterious oral habits in the studied sample was high. Children that used a pacifier for over three years showed greater probability of presenting with open occlusal relationship (open bite).OBJETIVO: estimar a frequência de oclusopatias e suas associações com o tipo e o período de amamentação, hábitos bucais deletérios e informações recebidas pelas mães no pré-natal, em crianças com cinco anos de idade que frequentavam creches municipais. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de 162 crianças residentes no município de São Pedro, SP. Em entrevista com cada mãe, informações sobre o tempo e a forma de aleitamento, a presença de hábitos deletérios, e orientações recebidas pela mãe durante o pré-natal foram coletadas. O exame epidemiológico foi realizado nas dependências das creches, por um único examinador, previamente calibrado, sob iluminação direta. As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: presença e severidade de oclusopatias [ligeiro apinhamento e espaçamento (AE), mordida aberta (MA), sobremordida (SM), mordida cruzada uni ou bilateral (MC), overjet positivo (OV) e relação terminal dos segundos molares decíduos (RTM)]. A análise dos dados consistiu de análise univariada (teste qui-quadrado) e de regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS: a prevalência de oclusopatias foi de 95,7% (AE = 22,8%; MA = 24,7%; SM = 20,4%; MC = 14,8%; e OV = 13,0%). Na RTM, o terminal reto foi predominante (85,0%). Dentre os hábitos bucais deletérios, o uso de chupeta foi o único indicador de risco (OR = 5,25; p = 0,001) para mordida aberta em crianças que a utilizaram por mais de três anos, detectado nas regressões logísticas. CONCLUSÃO: a prevalência de oclusopatias e de hábitos bucais deletérios na amostra estudada foi alta. As crianças que usavam chupeta por mais de três anos mostraram maior probabilidade de apresentar mordida aberta.718

Routine HIV Screening in Portugal: Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of routine HIV screening in Portugal to the current practice of targeted and on-demand screening. Design: We used Portuguese national clinical and economic data to conduct a model-based assessment. Methods: We compared current HIV detection practices to strategies of increasingly frequent routine HIV screening in Portuguese adults aged 18-69. We considered several subpopulations and geographic regions with varying levels of undetected HIV prevalence and incidence. Baseline inputs for the national case included undiagnosed HIV prevalence 0.16%, annual incidence 0.03%, mean population age 43 years, mean CD4 count at care initiation 292 cells/μL, 63% HIV test acceptance, 78% linkage to care, and HIV rapid test cost €6 under the proposed routine screening program. Outcomes included quality-adjusted survival, secondary HIV transmission, cost, and incremental cost-effectiveness. Results: One-time national HIV screening increased HIV-infected survival from 164.09 quality-adjusted life months (QALMs) to 166.83 QALMs compared to current practice and had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €28,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Screening more frequently in higher-risk groups was cost-effective: for example screening annually in men who have sex with men or screening every three years in regions with higher incidence and prevalence produced ICERs of €21,000/QALY and €34,000/QALY, respectively. Conclusions: One-time HIV screening in the Portuguese national population will increase survival and is cost-effective by international standards. More frequent screening in higher-risk regions and subpopulations is also justified. Given Portugal’s challenging economic priorities, we recommend prioritizing screening in higher-risk populations and geographic settings

Statin use improves cardiometabolic protection promoted by physical training in an aquatic environment : a randomized clinical trial

Fundamento: O uso de estatinas destaca-se como a terapia mais frequentemente utilizada para o tratamento de dislipidemias e pode ser considerado a intervenção farmacológica mais eficiente para a redução da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL). Por outro lado, o treinamento físico pode ser considerado uma estratégia não farmacológica eficiente e segura para promover melhorias no perfil lipídico. No entanto, não se sabe qual seria a influência das estatinas nas adaptações lipídicas decorrentes do treinamento aquático em populações com dislipidemia. Objetivos: Analisar a influência do uso de sinvastatina nas adaptações lipídicas decorrentes do treinamento aeróbico em meio aquático e de resistência em mulheres idosas com dislipidemia. Métodos: Sessenta e nove mulheres idosas (66,13 ± 5,13 anos), sedentárias e dislipidêmicas, tanto não usuárias quanto usuárias de sinvastatina (20 mg e 40 mg), foram randomizadas nos 3 grupos seguintes: treinamento aeróbico em meio aquático (WA), treinamento de força em meio aquático (WR) e grupo controle (GC). A duração total das intervenções, para todos os grupos experimentais, foi de 10 semanas, com 2 sessões semanais. As análises bioquímicas foram realizadas antes do início das intervenções e repetidas após o final do ensaio. Foram utilizadas equações de estimativa generalizada para comparar esses dados, estabelecendo α = 0,05. Resultados: Na análise por intenção de tratar, as participantes medicadas demonstraram uma redução de magnitude maior do colesterol total (CT) (−3,41 a −25,89 mg.dl-1; p = 0,038), LDL (−5,58 a −25,18 mg.dl-1; p = 0,007) e da relação CT/HDL (−0,37 a −0,61; p = 0,022) quando comparadas às participantes não medicadas, essa redução sendo estatisticamente significativa apenas no grupo WR. Conclusões: O uso de estatina incrementa as adaptações promovidas pelo treinamento físico aquático no CT, nos níveis de LDL e na relação CT/HDL, sendo mais pronunciado após WR.Background: Statin use is highlighted as the most commonly utilized therapy for the treatment of dyslipidemias and can be considered as the most efficient pharmacological intervention for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) reduction. On the other hand, physical training can be considered an efficient and safe non-pharmacological strategy to promote improvements in lipid profile. However, the influence of statins on lipid adaptations arising from water-based training in populations with dyslipidemia is not known. Objectives: To analyze the influence of simvastatin use on lipid adaptations arising from water-based aerobics and resistance training in elderly women with dyslipidemia. Methods: Sixty-nine elderly (66.13 ± 5.13 years), sedentary, and dyslipidemic women, both non-users and users of simvastatin (20 mg and 40 mg), were randomized into the following 3 groups: water-based aerobic training (WA), water-based resistance training (WR), and control group (CG). Total duration of interventions, for all experimental groups consisted of 10 weeks, with 2 weekly sessions. Biochemical analyses were performed before the beginning of the interventions and repeated after the end of the trial. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare these data, setting α = 0.05. Results: In intention-to-treat analysis, the medicated participants obtained a greater magnitude of decrease in total cholesterol (TC) (−3.41 to −25.89 mg.dl-1; p = 0.038), LDL (−5.58 to −25.18 mg.dl-1; p = 0.007) and TC/HDL ratio (−0.37 to −0.61; p = 0.022) when compared to the non-medicated participants, and this decrease was statistically significant only in the WR group. Conclusions: Statin use enhances the adaptations promoted by water-based physical training in CT, LDL levels, and CT/HDL ratio, and it is more pronounced after WR