Psychological Factors in Temporomandibular Disorders Patients during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To assess the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on levels of anxiety, stress, and orofacial pain in individuals with and without TMD. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the participants were divided into two groups (n=10, each) experimental group (EG) TMD patients and control group (CG), without TMD. The presence of TMD was confirmed using the RDC/TMD. The Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Oral Analog Scale were used for assessment. The Beck Anxiety Scale is composed of 21 multiple-choice questions describing symptoms of anxiety, while the PSS is a measure that evaluates life situations as stressful. An Oral Analogue Scale was applied to each individual to quantify orofacial pain, with 0 (zero) without pain and 10 (ten) being the worst pain ever felt. The comparison between groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. Logistic regression was used to verify TMD dependence in relation to BAI and PSS-10. Quantitative variables were correlated with each other by Pearson's correlation coefficient. The level of significance considered for all tests was 5%. Results: The association was statistically significant (p≤0.05) for BAI and PSS with a TMD. Conclusion: Although the COVID 19 pandemic has had a psychological impact on the general population, patients with TMD have higher levels of anxiety and stress than the control group

Ontologies and Unified Modeling Language: an approach to representation of domains of knowledge

This article emphasizes the use of Unified Modeling Language, UML in the specification of models based on ontologies in the representation of domains of knowledge, emphasizing the importance of semantic and of treatment of standardized language so the knowledge of the domain can be organized and shared. Finally, this article aims to establish a connection between the themes: the object oriented modeling and ontologies.Este artigo destaca o uso da Unified Modeling Language, UML na especificação de modelos baseados em ontologias na representação de domínios de conhecimento, enfatizando a importância da semântica e do tratamento da linguagem padronizada para que o conhecimento do domínio possa ser organizado e compartilhado. Finalmente, este artigo tem como objetivo estabelecer uma conexão entre as temáticas: modelagem orientada a objetos e ontologias

Competências e-infocomunicacionais em contexto prisional: proposta de um modelo de formação

As TICs têm papel marcante na sociedade actual: são veículo das relações humanas e instrumento para a cidadania pela disponibilização de serviços. Em paralelo, a reintegração social pós-reclusão é uma temática-chave no sistema penal português e respectiva legislação. Essa dicotomia entre uma sociedade cada vez mais presente e dependente da rede e a importância da reintegração dos reclusos leva a questionar de que forma a disponibilização do acesso à internet em contexto escolar prisional tem sido um factor de reintegração social. A literatura mostra que a educação é um factor determinante na preparação do recluso para o retorno à sociedade e na redução da reincidência criminal, e as actuais linhas de ensino não ignoram a inclusão da tecnologia no percurso do indivíduo. A aquisição de competências e-infocomunicacionais não pode ser censurada nos contextos de ensino situados na margem da sociedade. Através de dois estudos de caso (estabelecimentos prisionais de Santa Cruz do Bispo Feminino (EPSCBF) e de Santa Cruz do Bispo Masculino (EPSCBM) explorou-se a relação ‘recluso’, ‘competências e-infocomunicacionais’ e ‘formação’, sem esquecer o contexto, e chegou-se a uma proposta de utilização da internet que se orienta pela experimentação, necessidade de continuar a aprender, e partilha

Distance Education Course “Water as an Interdisciplinary Element of Teaching in Schools”: Action in Basic Education Through a Partnership between the PROFCIAMB Network and ANA, Brazil

The Graduate Program in the National Network for Teaching Environmental Sciences (PROFCIAMB) in partnership with the National Water and Basic Sanitation Agency (ANA) and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) updated the educational material of the “Water in Course – Multipliers” associated with the collection of didactic products desenvolved with the theme of Water by ANA to compose the education distance course “Water as an Interdisciplinary Element of Teaching in Schools”, which is aimed at teachers of Basic Education and professionals who work with teaching in non-formal spaces and/or non-school. Its objectives were built considering the Sustainable Development Goals ODS4 Quality Education and ODS6 Potable Water and Sanitation. The course was supported by Tutors (Students from the PROFCIAMB Network) and had a workload of 80 hours, distributed over four months in 5 modules. Module 1 to 4 for the Water and Teaching Principles and Methodology disciplines: Water: sustainable consumption and its multiple uses; Situation of water resources in Brazil; All together by the water; and, Cases of success in water care. Module 5 for the Application of learning discipline (lesson plan elaboration and lesson plan report). Four classes were offered from 2018 to 2022 with 4,645 vacancies and 14,850 registered candidates, nationwide course; 4,518 students enrollments and 1,656 students approved

AVALIAÇÃO DOS FATORES PSICOLÓGICOS NOS PACIENTES COM DISFUNÇÃO TEMPOROMANDIBULAR NO PERÍODO DE QUARENTENA COMO MEDIDA DE CONTROLE DE COVID-19: Estudo de Caso

Introduction: The world health organization in March 2020, considered about coronavirus infection, a public health emergency and in April recognized it as a pandemic. COVID-19 is highly infectious, with transmission mainly through saliva droplets and contaminated surfaces. Because there is no vaccine or effective treatment, the best way to prevent infection is through social distance and the use of masks. Quarantine has been used as a public health measure to contain or minimize the spread of coronavirus in several countries, demonstrating a positive role in the prevention and control of the epidemic. However, the negative psychological impact was observed in the general population. Psychosocial factors contribute to the establishment of some diseases, such as temporomandibular disorders (TMD), which have a complex and multifactorial etiology. Among TMD risk factors, biopsychosocial factors must be considered both in the etiology and in the triggering of signs and symptoms. Thus, our objective was to assess the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on levels of anxiety, stress and orofacial pain in desire with and without TMD. Methods: Research participants were divided into two groups: experimental group (EG) patients with TMD and control group (CG), without TMD. The Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Oral Analog Scale were used in this study. Results: The association between variables analyzed using Pearson's correlation was statistically significant (p-value ≤ α) for BAI and PSS with a TMD. Conclusion: Although the COVID 19 pandemic has had a psychological impact on the general population, patients with TMD have higher levels of anxiety and stress than the control group.Introdução: A organização mundial de saúde em março de 2020 considerou o surto de infecção pelo coronavirus uma emergência de saúde pública e em abril reconheceu ser uma pandemia. A COVID-19 é altamente infecciosa, com transmissão principalmente por gotículas de saliva e por superfícies contaminadas. Por não ter vacina e nem tratamento eficaz a melhor forma de prevenir a infecção é pelo distanciamento social e uso de máscaras. A quarentena tem sido usada como uma medida de saúde pública para conter ou minimizar o surto de coronavirus em vários países, demonstrando um papel positivo na prevenção e controle da epidemia. Contudo o impacto psicológico negativo foi observado na população em geral. Os fatores psicossociais contribuem para o estabelecimento de algumas doenças como a disfunções temporomandibulares que possui uma etiologia complexa e multifatorial. Dentre os fatores de risco de DTM, os biopsicossociais devem ser considerados tanto na etiologia como no desencadeamento dos sinais e sintomas. Com isso, nosso objetivo foi avaliar a influência da pandemia por COVID-19 nos níveis de ansiedade, estresse e dor orofacial em indivíduos com e sem DTM. Métodos: Os participantes da pesquisa foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo experimental (GE) pacientes com DTM e grupo controle (GC) indivíduos sem DTM. A Escala de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), Escala de Estresse percebido (PSS) e Escala Analógica Oral foram utilizadas nesse estudo. Resultados: A associação entre variáveis analisada por meio da correlação de Pearson foi estatisticamente significativa (p-value ≤ α) para do BAI e PSS com a DTM. Conclusão: Apesar da Pandemia do COVID 19 ter gerado impacto psicológico na população em geral, os pacientes com DTM apresentaram níveis de ansiedade e estresse maiores que o grupo controle

Differential expression of salivary glycoproteins in aggressive and chronic periodontitis

OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to compare the pattern of secretion and the expression of mucin glycoprotein-2 (MG2) and lactoferrin in individuals with or without periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five individuals with aggressive periodontitis (APG), 5 with generalized chronic periodontitis (CPG) and 5 without periodontitis (CG) were enrolled after informed consent. Non-stimulated and stimulated submandibular and sublingual saliva was collected and samples analyzed by Western blot probed with specific antibodies. RESULTS: Stimulated and non-stimulated salivary flow rates did not differ among groups. Western blot analysis revealed that stimulation led to: an increase in MG2 expression in all groups, and to lactoferrin expression in APG and CPG. In non-stimulated saliva, CG exhibited the highest expression of both glycoproteins. In stimulated saliva, CG exhibited the highest expression of MG2, whereas APG the highest of lactoferrin. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of secretion of MG2 and lactoferrin in health and disease is complex. Although the present study analyzed samples from a limited number of participants, the reduced expression of MG2 and lactoferrin in APG and CPG under non-stimulated condition, the predominant circumstance of salivary secretion during the day, suggests that these salivary constituents may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of these diseases

Choosing the Criteria for Clinical Evaluation of Composite Restorations: An Analysis of Impact on Reliabilty and Treatment Decision

Objective: To assess the reproducibility of two clinical criteria for the evaluation of restorations in primary teeth and the impact on treatment decision. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed selecting 71 resin-based composite restorations placed in primary molars of children who had sought dental treatment at a dental school. Two trained examiners evaluated independently the restorations using modified FDI and USPHS criteria. All restorations were assessed separately with each system in random order to avoid memory bias. Kappa statistics were used to determine inter-examiner reliability considering each parameter of both criteria and score final about treatment decision. McNemar test was used to compare the treatment decision with two criteria. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Kappa values ranged from 0.28 to 0.93 with USPHS and 0.28 to 0.88 with FDI, considering each parameter separately. Inter- examiner agreement for treatment decision was excellent for both criteria (Kappa: 0.85-0.90). For clinical decision-making, no difference between criteria was found, irrespective of examiner. Conclusion: Low inter- examiner agreement for evaluation of each parameter of USPHS and FDI criteria does not reflect on reproducibility for treatment decision. Both criteria may be suitable for evaluation of composite restorations in primary teeth

Determination of glycemic index and glycemic load of typical northeastern preparations / Determinação de índice glicêmico e carga glicêmica de preparações típicas do Nordeste

Introduction: One of the important factors for a normal healthy diet is the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (CG) of foods, since diets with inadequate GI and CG seem to be directly related to the increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: To determine the GI and CG of three typical Northeastern preparations. Methodology: An experimental, quantitative, descriptive and analytical study was carried out. The sample size was convenience (n=10), however, considering the recommendations of the FAO / WHO Expert Consultation (1998). For the determination of GI and CG, an adaptation of the FAO / WHO Expert Consultation protocol (1998), which consisted in the standardization of a 50 g portion of the tested preparations, but considering a minimum of 25 g of glycemic carbohydrate. The volunteers were fasted for 10 hours the night before the samples and had capillary glycemia measured at the intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 minutes after consumption of the standard food and the proposed preparations, taken from the "Brazilian Regional Food Guide" of the Ministry of Health (2015), being tapioca with maracuja jelly, seriguela cake and macaxeira bread. Results: Tapioca preparations with passionfruit jelly, seriguela cake and macaxeira bread presented high glycemic index and glycemic load, as evidenced in the analyzes performed. Conclusion: The objective of this work was reached, since the GI and CG of the three proposed preparations were determined, contributing to the expansion of nutritional information and supporting the idea of food and nutritional education