Personality characteristics by gender in Spanish College Students

Resumens: En este artículo analizamos las diferencias de género de un grupo de estudiantes en relación a la personalidad, el optimismo y el afrontamiento al estrés, con el fin de conocer las características específicas de este colectivo en estas variables y si se mantienen las diferencias que apuntan otros estudios, lo cual permitirá proponer intervenciones específicas. En este estudio han participado 317 estudiantes universitarios, 51 varones y 266 mujeres, a los que se les aplicaron de forma individual diferentes instrumentos: el Cuestionario de personalidad de Eysenck (EPQ-R) en su versión abreviada, el Inventario de Afrontamiento al Estrés (CSI), el Test de Orientación Vital Revisado (LOT-R), el Inventario Neo de Cinco Factores (NEO FFI), el Inventario Bipolar de Goldberg, y el Perfil de Personalidad de Berkeley. A partir de los análisis de diferencias de género, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la Variable Retirada Social del Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento, la variable neuroticismo del Cuestionario de Personalidad de Eysenck y la variable neuroticismo del Inventario Bipolar de Goldberg, siendo en los varones mayor en las dos primeras y menor en la última, no encontrándose diferencias en el resto de dimensiones evaluadas. Finalmente, parece que los varones tienden a afrontar de forma evitativa, mientras que en el caso del neuroticismo los resultados no son consistentes.Abstract: Gender differences in personality, optimism and stress coping were analysed in a group of Spanish college students. Specific characteristics in these variables would be found, which will propose specific interventions. Three hundred and seventeen college students, 51 men and 266 women completed several personality questionnaires: The shorter version of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R), the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), the Neo Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI), the Transparent Bipolar Inventory and the Berkeley Personality Profile. Statistically significant gender differences in social avoidance of coping skills scale and neuroticism of Eysenck Scale and Bipolar Inventory were founded. Men showed highest social avoidance and neuroticism based on Eysenck scale and no differences in other dimensions evaluated were showed. Finally, men tend to use avoidant coping, whereas neuroticism results are not consistent

Características de la personalidad según el género en universitarios españoles

Gender differences in personality, optimism and stress coping were analysed in a group of Spanish college students.  Specific characteristics in these variables would be found, which will propose specific interventions. Three hundred and seventeen college students, 51 men and 266 women completed several personality questionnaires: The shorter version of  Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R), the Coping Strategies Inventory  (CSI), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), the Neo Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI), the Transparent Bipolar Inventory and the Berkeley Personality Profile. Statistically significant gender differences in social avoidance of coping skills scale and neuroticism of Eysenck Scale and Bipolar Inventory were founded. Men showed highest social avoidance and neuroticism based on Eysenck scale and no differences in other dimensions evaluated were showed. Finally, men tend to use avoidant coping, whereas neuroticism results are not consistent.En este artículo analizamos las diferencias de género de un grupo de estudiantes en relación a la personalidad, el optimismo y el afrontamiento al estrés, con el fin de conocer las características específicas de este colectivo en estas variables y si se mantienen las diferencias que apuntan otros estudios, lo cual permitirá proponer intervenciones específicas. En este estudio han participado 317 estudiantes universitarios, 51 varones y 266 mujeres, a los que se les aplicaron de forma individual diferentes instrumentos: el Cuestionario de personalidad de Eysenck (EPQ-R) en su versión abreviada, el Inventario de Afrontamiento al Estrés (CSI), el Test de Orientación Vital Revisado (LOT-R), el Inventario Neo de Cinco Factores (NEO FFI), el Inventario Bipolar de Goldberg, y el Perfil de Personalidad de Berkeley. A partir de los análisis de diferencias de género, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la Variable Retirada Social del Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento, la variable neuroticismo del Cuestionario de Personalidad de Eysenck y la variable neuroticismo del Inventario Bipolar de Goldberg, siendo en los varones mayor en las dos primeras y menor en la última, no encontrándose diferencias en el resto de dimensiones evaluadas. Finalmente, parece que los varones tienden a afrontar de forma evitativa, mientras que en el caso del neuroticismo los resultados no son consistentes

The relationship between gut and nasopharyngeal microbiome composition can predict the severity of COVID-19

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that displays great variability in clinical phenotype. Many factors have been described to be correlated with its severity but no specific determinants of infection outcome have been identified yet, maybe due the complex pathogenic mechanisms. The microbiota could play a key role in the infection and in the progression and outcome of the disease. Hence, SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with nasopharyngeal and gut dysbiosis and higher abundance of opportunistic pathogens. Methods: To identify new prognostic markers for the disease, a multicenter prospective observational cohort study was carried out in COVID-19 patients that were divided in three cohorts according to their symptomatology: mild (n=24), moderate (n=51) and severe/critical (n=31). Faecal and nasopharyngeal samples were taken and the microbiota was analysed. Results: Microbiota composition could be associated with the severity of the symptoms and the linear discriminant analysis identified the genera Mycoplasma and Prevotella as severity biomarkers in nasopharyngeal samples, and Allistipes, Enterococcus and Escherichia in faecal samples. Moreover, M. salivarium was defined as a unique microorganism in COVID-19 patients' nasopharyngeal microbiota while P. bivia and P. timonensis were defined in faecal microbiota. A connection between faecal and nasopharyngeal microbiota in COVID-19 patients was also identified as a strong positive correlation between P. timonensis (faeces) towards P. dentalis and M. salivarium(nasopharyngeal) was found in critically ill patients. Conclusions: This ratio could be used as a novel prognostic biomarker for severe COVID-19 patients.The research project was sup-ported by Government of Andalucia (Spain) (CV20-99908).N

Características de la personalidad según el género en universitarios españoles

Gender differences in personality, optimism and stress coping were analysed in a group of Spanish college students.  Specific characteristics in these variables would be found, which will propose specific interventions. Three hundred and seventeen college students, 51 men and 266 women completed several personality questionnaires: The shorter version of  Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R), the Coping Strategies Inventory  (CSI), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), the Neo Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI), the Transparent Bipolar Inventory and the Berkeley Personality Profile. Statistically significant gender differences in social avoidance of coping skills scale and neuroticism of Eysenck Scale and Bipolar Inventory were founded. Men showed highest social avoidance and neuroticism based on Eysenck scale and no differences in other dimensions evaluated were showed. Finally, men tend to use avoidant coping, whereas neuroticism results are not consistent.En este artículo analizamos las diferencias de género de un grupo de estudiantes en relación a la personalidad, el optimismo y el afrontamiento al estrés, con el fin de conocer las características específicas de este colectivo en estas variables y si se mantienen las diferencias que apuntan otros estudios, lo cual permitirá proponer intervenciones específicas. En este estudio han participado 317 estudiantes universitarios, 51 varones y 266 mujeres, a los que se les aplicaron de forma individual diferentes instrumentos: el Cuestionario de personalidad de Eysenck (EPQ-R) en su versión abreviada, el Inventario de Afrontamiento al Estrés (CSI), el Test de Orientación Vital Revisado (LOT-R), el Inventario Neo de Cinco Factores (NEO FFI), el Inventario Bipolar de Goldberg, y el Perfil de Personalidad de Berkeley. A partir de los análisis de diferencias de género, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la Variable Retirada Social del Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento, la variable neuroticismo del Cuestionario de Personalidad de Eysenck y la variable neuroticismo del Inventario Bipolar de Goldberg, siendo en los varones mayor en las dos primeras y menor en la última, no encontrándose diferencias en el resto de dimensiones evaluadas. Finalmente, parece que los varones tienden a afrontar de forma evitativa, mientras que en el caso del neuroticismo los resultados no son consistentes

Personality traits by gender in Spanish College Students

Gender differences in personality, optimism and stress coping were analysed in a group of Spanish college students.  Specific characteristics in these variables would be found, which will propose specific interventions. Three hundred and seventeen college students, 51 men and 266 women completed several personality questionnaires: The shorter version of  Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R), the Coping Strategies Inventory  (CSI), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), the Neo Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI), the Transparent Bipolar Inventory and the Berkeley Personality Profile. Statistically significant gender differences in social avoidance of coping skills scale and neuroticism of Eysenck Scale and Bipolar Inventory were founded. Men showed highest social avoidance and neuroticism based on Eysenck scale and no differences in other dimensions evaluated were showed. Finally, men tend to use avoidant coping, whereas neuroticism results are not consistent

X chromosome inactivation does not necessarily determine the severity of the phenotype in Rett syndrome patients

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurological disorder usually caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene. Since the MECP2 gene is located on the X chromosome, X chromosome inactivation (XCI) could play a role in the wide range of phenotypic variation of RTT patients; however, classical methylation-based protocols to evaluate XCI could not determine whether the preferentially inactivated X chromosome carried the mutant or the wild-type allele. Therefore, we developed an allele-specific methylation-based assay to evaluate methylation at the loci of several recurrent MECP2 mutations. We analyzed the XCI patterns in the blood of 174 RTT patients, but we did not find a clear correlation between XCI and the clinical presentation. We also compared XCI in blood and brain cortex samples of two patients and found differences between XCI patterns in these tissues. However, RTT mainly being a neurological disease complicates the establishment of a correlation between the XCI in blood and the clinical presentation of the patients. Furthermore, we analyzed MECP2 transcript levels and found differences from the expected levels according to XCI. Many factors other than XCI could affect the RTT phenotype, which in combination could influence the clinical presentation of RTT patients to a greater extent than slight variations in the XCI pattern

Switching TNF antagonists in patients with chronic arthritis: An observational study of 488 patients over a four-year period

The objective of this work is to analyze the survival of infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab in patients who have switched among tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists for the treatment of chronic arthritis. BIOBADASER is a national registry of patients with different forms of chronic arthritis who are treated with biologics. Using this registry, we have analyzed patient switching of TNF antagonists. The cumulative discontinuation rate was calculated using the actuarial method. The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves, and Cox regression models were used to assess independent factors associated with discontinuing medication. Between February 2000 and September 2004, 4,706 patients were registered in BIOBADASER, of whom 68% had rheumatoid arthritis, 11% ankylosing spondylitis, 10% psoriatic arthritis, and 11% other forms of chronic arthritis. One- and two-year drug survival rates of the TNF antagonist were 0.83 and 0.75, respectively. There were 488 patients treated with more than one TNF antagonist. In this situation, survival of the second TNF antagonist decreased to 0.68 and 0.60 at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Survival was better in patients replacing the first TNF antagonist because of adverse events (hazard ratio (HR) for discontinuation 0.55 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34-0.84)), and worse in patients older than 60 years (HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.97-2.49)) or who were treated with infliximab (HR 3.22 (95% CI 2.13-4.87)). In summary, in patients who require continuous therapy and have failed to respond to a TNF antagonist, replacement with a different TNF antagonist may be of use under certain situations. This issue will deserve continuous reassessment with the arrival of new medications. © 2006 Gomez-Reino and Loreto Carmona; licensee BioMed Central Ltd