30 research outputs found
Acidification and solar drying of manure-based digestate to produce improved fertilizing products
The increase in energy and fertilizer consumption makes it necessary to develop sustainable alternatives for
agriculture. Anaerobic digestion and digestates appeared to be suitable options. However, untreated digestates
still have high water content and can increase greenhouse gas emissions during storage and land application. In
this study, manure-derived digestate and solid fraction of digestate after separation were treated with a novel
solar drying technology to reduce their water content, combined with acidification to reduce the gaseous
emissions. The acidified digestate and acidified solid fraction of digestate recovered more nitrogen and ammonia
nitrogen than their respective non-acidified products (1.5–1.3 times for TN; 14 times for TAN). Ammonia and
methane emissions were reduced up to 94% and 72% respectively, compared to the non-acidified ones, while
N2O increased more than 3 times. Dried digestate and dried acidified digestate can be labeled as NPK organic
fertilizer regarding the European regulation, and the dried solid fraction and the improved dried acidified solid
fraction can be labeled as N or P organic fertilizer. Moreover, plant tests showed that N concentrations in fresh
lettuce leaves were within the EU limit with all products in all the cases. However, zinc concentration appeared
to be a limitation in some of the products as their concentration exceeded the European legal limitsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
POR UNA CULTURA DE PAZ: UNA MIRADA DESDE LAS CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA
En
virtud
de
lo
anterior,
los
estudiosos
de
las
ciencias
de
la
conducta
de
la
Universidad
Autónoma
del
Estado
de
México,
ante
la
persistencia
y
proliferación
de
estos
hechos
en
diversas
partes
del
Mundo
y
de
nuestro
país
en
particular, se
convocó
a
los
estudiosos
interesados
y
a
la
sociedad
en
general
a
presentar
trabajos
para
analizar,
debatir
y
proponer
estrategias
de
acción
y
dirección,
que
fortalezcan
una
convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz.
El
presente
texto
es
producto
de
esta convocatoria
que
recoge
los
trabajos
de
los
interesados
en
la
temática,
de
diferentes
países
(España,
Argentina,
Cuba,
Brasil,
Costa
Rica
y
México)
retomando
con
ello
sus
experiencias
relativas
al
estudio,
análisis,
comprensión
e
instrumentación
de
la
cultura
de
paz
en
los
distintos
ámbitos
institucionales
en
los
que
participan:
educativo,
salud,
penitenciario,
social,
laboral,
familia,
alimentario,
psicológico,
por
mencionar
algunos.
El
presente
libro,
propicia
un
espacio
de
reflexión,
diálogo
y
posicionamiento
de
las
ciencias
de
la
conducta
para
la
apropiación,
análisis,
debate
y
propuestas
que
fortalezcan
una
cultura
de
paz
a
través
de
la
convivencia
y
el
bienestar
social
con
sentido
humanista.
El
sistema
económico
neoliberal
y
el
proceso
de
globalización
han
contribuido
al
logro
de
avances
significativos
en
la
ciencia
y
la
tecnología,
pero
también
han
propiciado
la
polarización
de
las
sociedades
lo
que
ha
impactado
de
manera
negativa
a
la
sociedad
en
su
conjunto,
pero
en
mayor
medida
a
los grupos
vulnerables. Dicha
polarización
ha
traído
consigo
un
desarrollo
desigual
del
mundo
que
se
expresa
de
diferentes
maneras
tanto
en
países
desarrollados
como
en
los
llamados
del
tercer
mundo,
en
donde
no
están
satisfechas
las
necesidades
humanas
elementales
de
todos
los
sectores
de
la
población,
siempre
falta
algo.
Si
a
esto
le
sumamos
los
conflictos
internacionales por
diferentes
motivos
que
enfrentan
algunas
naciones,
una
insuficiente
cobertura
educativa
y
de
salud,
desempleo
y
pobreza
extrema,
entre
otras
cosas;
estamos
frente
a
retos
de
gran
envergadura
para
los
gobiernos,
para
los
estudiosos
y
para
la
sociedad
civil
en
general. Uno
de
los
intentos
para
frenar
y prevenir
la
agudización
de
estas
problemáticas
es
la
cultura
de
paz,
cuyo
estudio
y propuestas
han
ido
avanzando
en
diferentes
sentidos
y
de
manera
favorable,
el
tema
está
presente
en
diferentes
Organismos
Internacionales
como
la
ONU,
la
UNESCO,
la
OCDE,
El
Banco
Mundial,
entre
otros.
Pero
falta
mucho
por
hacer.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic
Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines
Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions
and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools.
Methods: Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of
various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We
came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, see Supplementary data) concluded the following:
Results: Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing
complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications
should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50–200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added.
Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico.
Conclusions: Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed
una mirada desde las Ciencias de la Conducta
Este libro es el resultado de los trabajos presentados en el 1er Congreso Internacional "Convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz"
Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study
Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life
VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad
Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas.
En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región.
Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades.
En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates.
El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento
Towards a more efficient and sustainable fertilization through recycling phosphorus as struvite
Food and water security are dependent on the sustainable use of phosphorus (P). However, there is no single solution for achieving a phosphorus-secure future. P recovered and recycled from current waste streams (like manure) is an important approach to developing environmentally sustainable and biologically efficient fertilizers. In this framework, a promising example of a P recovery product from waste streams is struvite (MgNH4PO4 6H2O), a crystal precipitated after the anaerobic digestion of different biological waste streams. Struvite has reported positive results regarding yields and P uptake for different crop species; however, there are still some limitations. P availability from struvite is highly influenced by the soil pH, which can be further modified by nutrients added to the soil or by plant and microbial activy in the rhizosphere. The main challenges are i) to understand the essential aspects that have a major effect on struvite availability, and ii) to focus on those traits that will increase struvite availability and therefore improve fertilizer use efficiency. With this apporoach, struvite value will increase, making it more competitive against mineral fertilizers.To understand which aspects modify struvite availability, the response of different plant species with contrasting strategies to mobilize nutrients (i.e. maize, lupine, and tomato) to various P applications was analyzed at different time points and plant growth stages. Likewise, the effect of soil pH, and method and duration of application were studied. Plant species have different morphological and physiological adaptations to increase the efficiency of P acquisition. Under this premise, a particular focus was put on root traits that would have an effect on phosphorus bioavailability and spatial availability.It was concluded that struvite has the same P fertilizer efficiency as mineral sources regarding biomass production, P uptake efficiency, and allometric studies of root–shoot relations. Moreover, it was validated that the following traits contributed to increase struvite use efficiency: i) the results from the automatic shoot phenotyping analyses support the idea of struvite being a slow-release; compared to triple-superphosphate (TSP), struvite-fertilized plants had lower initial leaf area, but later higher biomass ii) plant responses were conditoned by the nutrients applied with the struvite. It was confirmed that nitrate increased root biomass due to a higher number of primary roots, while ammonium increased the phosphorus uptake efficiency from struvite due to rhizosphere acidification iii) it was observed that lupine plants acidified the soil due to a high release of carboxylates by the roots. In contrast to the readily available P source K2PO4, the carobxylate exudation increased when struvite was applied, mobilizing the struvite-P at neutral conditions; iv) the microbial community analyzed did not shift between fertilizers used, as much as between plant species.Throughout this thesis, the use of invasive and non-invasive techniques, revealed different plant responses at various growth stages above and below ground, depending on the P fertilizer applied. It was shown that struvite solubility will not only depend on the soil pH but also will be modulated by the plant species and the way in which it is applied (e.g combined with other nutrients). In addition to yield analyses, studies of root morphological and physiological adaptations to P application provided a more detailed report of traits that would increase struvite use efficiency. It was shown that struvite, with a slower release, has the potential to be a more efficient method of fertilizing plants than the application of conventional, highly soluble P fertilizers. Likewise, the use of plants that can actively acidify the soil, combined with the application of the struvite with ammonium-N, will increase the P use efficiency. For future applications, those traits can be used to select candidate plants that will increase the use effiiciency of struvite, underlying mechanisms that will also ensure high yields. Those studies have the potential to be applied for other recovered products, increasing the efficiency and promoting the recycling of nutrients