1,085 research outputs found
On the Conjecture of Kochar and Korwar
In this paper, we solve for some cases a conjecture by Kochar and Korwar (1996) in
relation with the normalized spacings of the order statistics related to a sample of
independent exponential random variables with different scale parameter. In the case of
a sample of size n=3, they proved the ordering of the normalized spacings and
conjectured that result holds for all n. We give the proof of this conjecture for n=4 and
for both spacing and normalized spacings. We also generalize some results to n>
Tort LawâHedonic DamagesâArkansas\u27s Application of Hedonic Damages to Wrongful-Death Suits: Is Arkansas\u27s Method Misconceived?
Tort LawâHedonic DamagesâArkansas\u27s Application of Hedonic Damages to Wrongful-Death Suits: Is Arkansas\u27s Method Misconceived?
Regulation Of Hippocampal NMDA Receptor Signaling, Memory And Synaptic Plasticity By The JIP1 Scaffold Protein
Ph.D. Thesis. University of HawaiÊ»i at MÄnoa 2018
Dimethyl Fumarate Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis, through the Activation of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Pathways.
Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play critical roles in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A previous study has demonstrated that dimethyl fumarate (DMF) protects mice from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis via its potential antioxidant capacity, and by inhibiting the activation of the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. This study aims to clarify the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2/ARE) pathway pharmacological activation and anti-inflammatory effect by DMF, through focusing on other crucial antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory mediator, including glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. The oral administration of DMF attenuated the shortening of colons and alleviated colonic inflammation. Furthermore, the expression of key antioxidant enzymes, including GCLC and GPX, in the colonic tissue were significantly increased by DMF administration. In addition, protein expression of the inflammatory mediator, COX-2, was reduced by DMF administration. Our results suggest that DMF alleviates DSS-induced colonic inflammatory damage, likely via up-regulating GCLC and GPX and down-regulating COX-2 protein expression in colonic tissue
Improved Treatment of Dark Matter Capture in Neutron Stars II: Leptonic Targets
Neutron stars harbour matter under extreme conditions, providing a unique
testing ground for fundamental interactions. We recently developed an improved
treatment of dark matter (DM) capture in neutron stars that properly
incorporates many of the important physical effects, and outlined useful
analytic approximations that are valid when the scattering amplitude is
independent of the centre of mass energy. We now extend that analysis to all
interaction types. We also discuss the effect of going beyond the
zero-temperature approximation, which provides a boost to the capture rate of
low mass dark matter, and give approximations for the dark matter up-scattering
rate and evaporation mass. We apply these results to scattering of dark matter
from leptonic targets, for which a correct relativistic description is
essential. We find that the potential neutron star sensitivity to DM-lepton
scattering cross sections greatly exceeds electron-recoil experiments,
particularly in the sub-GeV regime, with a sensitivity to sub-MeV DM well
beyond the reach of future terrestrial experiments.Comment: 32 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, 2 appendices. References added,
matches published versio
Improved Treatment of Dark Matter Capture in Neutron Stars
Neutron stars provide a cosmic laboratory to study the nature of dark matter
particles and their interactions. Dark matter can be captured by neutron stars
via scattering, where kinetic energy is transferred to the star. This can have
a number of observational consequences, such as the heating of old neutron
stars to infra-red temperatures. Previous treatments of the capture process
have employed various approximation or simplifications. We present here an
improved treatment of dark matter capture, valid for a wide dark matter mass
range, that correctly incorporates all relevant physical effects. These include
gravitational focusing, a fully relativistic scattering treatment, Pauli
blocking, neutron star opacity and multi-scattering effects. We provide general
expressions that enable the exact capture rate to be calculated numerically,
and derive simplified expressions that are valid for particular interaction
types or mass regimes and that greatly increase the computational efficiency.
Our formalism is applicable to the scattering of dark matter from any neutron
star constituents, or to the capture of dark matter in other compact objects.Comment: 52 pages, 17 figures, 3 tables, 3 appendices. Discussion extended,
references added, matches JCAP published versio
On stochastic properties between some ordered random variables
A great number of articles have dealt with stochastic comparisons of ordered random
variables in the last decades. In particular, distributional and stochastic properties of
ordinary order statistics have been studied extensively in the literature. Sequential order
statistics are proposed as an extension of ordinary order statistics. Since sequential order
statistics models unify various models of ordered random variables, it is interesting to
study their distributional and stochastic properties. In this work, we consider the
problem of comparing sequential order statistics according to magnitude and location
orders
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