Statistical Mesoscopic Hydro-Thermodynamics: The Description of Kinetics and Hydrodynamics of Nonequilibrium Processes in Single Liquids

Hydrodynamics, a term apparently introduced by Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1783) to comprise hydrostatic and hydraulics, has a long history with several theoretical approaches. Here, after a descriptive introduction, we present so-called mesoscopic hydro-thermodynamics, which is also referred to as higher-order generalized hydrodynamics, built within the framework of a mechanical-statistical formalism. It consists of a description of the material and heat motion of fluids in terms of the corresponding densities and their associated fluxes of all orders. In this way, movements are characterized in terms of intermediate to short wavelengths and intermediate to high frequencies. The fluxes have associated Maxwell-like times, which play an important role in determining the appropriate contraction of the description (of the enormous set of fluxes of all orders) necessary to address the characterization of the motion in each experimental setup. This study is an extension of a preliminary article: Physical Review E \textbf{91}, 063011 (2015)

The effect of depreciation in operating cash flows of brazilian electricity power companies in years 2001 and 2002

A demonstração dos fluxos de caixa, apesar de ainda não ser uma demonstração obrigatória no Brasil, facultativamente é divulgada por várias empresas brasileiras. Entretanto, ela apresenta alguns pontos contraditórios quanto à classificação, quanto às atividades. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o tratamento dado pelo FASB e pelo IASB para a despesa de depreciação na DFC e o efeito desse tratamento sobre o fluxo de caixa das atividades operacionais. A partir dessa análise, propõe-se um modelo alternativo para o tratamento da matéria. Esse modelo contempla um lançamento virtual de caixa em que a depreciação é deduzida do fluxo de caixa das operações e acrescida ao fluxo de caixa dos investimentos. A análise das DFC das empresas de grande porte do setor de energia elétrica do Brasil revela que o fluxo de caixa das operações destas foi preponderantemente superior ao resultado nos anos de 2001 e 2002, contrariamente ao verificado quando foi realizada a aplicação do tratamento proposto neste trabalho. Conclui-se, dessa forma, que há indícios de que o fluxo de caixa das operações dessas empresas está supervalorizado, possivelmente, em virtude da não consideração da despesa de depreciação do período na DFC. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to analyses FASB and IASB prescriptions related with the way depreciation expense is treated in Cash Flows Statement (CFS) and the correspondingly effect of such treatment in cash flows of operating activities. As a result of the analysis, we propose an alternative model for dealing with this subject. The model requires that noncash depreciation expense should be deducted from operating cash flows and simultaneously added to investing cash flows. In analyzing the CFS of large electricity power companies located in Brazil, we found that years 2001 and 2002 operating cash flows were substantially higher than net income in the same period, in opposition with what occurs when we apply the model proposed in this study. We then conclude that operating cash flows of such companies may be overestimated as a result of not considering depreciation expense as a virtual noncash transaction in the body of CFS

Fall-related factors in a cohort of elderly community residents

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated to fall and recurrent fall episodes among elderly living in a community, and to determine the relative risk of each factor as a fall predictor. METHODS: A two-year follow-up study with two segments of multi-dimensional household surveys (1991-1992 and 1994-1995) was carried out in a cohort of 1,667 elderly, aged 65 or older, living in a community in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The instrument used for data collection was the BOMFAQ, the Brazilian version of the Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire (OARS). A stepwise logistic regression analysis was conducted with p<0.05 and 95% CI. RESULTS: About 31% of the elderly referred a fall episode and around 11% referred two or more fall episodes in the previous year of the first survey. After follow-up, 53.4% didn't refer any fall episodes, 32.7% referred a fall episode either in the first survey or in the second one and almost 14% referred fall episodes in both surveys. The predictive model of recurrent falls was composed by the following variables: absence of a spouse (OR=1.59 95% CI 1.00-2.52), not having a reading habit (OR= 1.56 95% CI 1.03-2.37), history of fractures (OR=4.6 95% CI 2.23-9.69 difficulty to perform one to three activities of daily life (OR=2.37 95% CI 1.49-3.78), difficulty to perform four or more activities of daily life (OR=3.31 95%CI 1.58-6.93) and among those whose sight is most impaired (OR=1.53 95%CI 1.00-2.34). CONCLUSIONS: Population ageing and increase in life expectancy demand preventive and rehabilitation actions in order to reduce risk factors for falls, such as impaired functional capacity, impaired eye sight and lack of cognitive stimulation.OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores associados a quedas e a quedas recorrentes em idosos vivendo na comunidade, determinando o risco relativo de cada fator como preditor para quedas. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de seguimento de dois anos, por meio de duas ondas de inquéritos multidimensionais domiciliares (1991/92 e 1994/95) com uma coorte de 1.667 idosos de 65 anos ou mais residentes na comunidade, município de São Paulo, SP. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário estruturado, versão brasileira do OARS: Brazilian Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire (BOMFAQ). Foi realizada uma análise de regressão logística, passo a passo, com p<0,05 e IC de 95%. RESULTADOS: Cerca de 31% dos idosos disseram ter caído no ano anterior ao primeiro inquérito; cerca de 11% afirmaram ter sofrido duas ou mais quedas. Durante o seguimento, 53,4% dos idosos não referiram quedas, 32,7% afirmaram ter sofrido queda em pelo menos um dos inquéritos e 13,9% relataram quedas em ambos os inquéritos. O modelo preditivo de quedas recorrentes foi composto das variáveis: ausência de cônjuge (OR=1,6 95% IC 1,00-2,52), não ter o hábito de ler (OR=1,5 95% IC 1,03-2,37), história de fratura (OR=4,6 95% CI 2,23-9,69), dificuldade em uma a três atividades de vida diária (OR=2,37 95% CI 1,49-3,78), dificuldade em quatro ou mais atividades de vida diária (OR=3,31 95% CI 1,58-6,93) e entre aqueles idosos com visão mais comprometida (OR=1,53 95% CI 1,00-2,34). CONCLUSÕES: O envelhecimento populacional e o aumento da expectativa de vida demandam ações preventivas e reabilitadoras no sentido de diminuir os fatores de risco para quedas, como o comprometimento da capacidade funcional, a visão deficiente e a falta de estimulação cognitiva.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Centro de Estudos do EnvelhecimentoUNIFESP, Centro de Estudos do EnvelhecimentoSciEL

Losing control:the case for emergent software systems using autonomous assembly, perception and learning

Architectural self-organisation, in which different configurations of software modules are dynamically assembled based on the current context, has been shown to be an effective way for software to self-optimise over time. Current approaches to this rely heavily on human-led definitions: models, policies and processes to control how self-organisation works. We present the case for a paradigm shift to fully emergent computer software which places the burden of understanding entirely into the hands of software itself. These systems are autonomously assembled at runtime from discovered constituent parts and their internal health and external deployment environment continually monitored. An online, unsupervised learning system then uses runtime adaptation to explore alternative system assemblies and locate optimal solutions. Based on our experience to date, we define the problem space of emergent software, and we present a working case study of an emergent web server. Our results demonstrate two aspects of the problem space for this case study: that different assemblies of behaviour are optimal in different deployment environment conditions; and that these assemblies can be autonomously learned from generalised perception data while the system is online

Referências e referenciais para o ensino do Basquete 3x3 da Educação Física escolar

In 2021, on the occasion of the XXXII Olympic Games, 3x3 Basketball (3x3B) debuted as an Olympic sport. Thus, the aim of this essay is to present arguments, references and referentials to teach 3x3B of School Physical Education (SPE). Based on the referentials of Sport Pedagogy (SP) and different facilitators, we reflect and indicate the possibility of problematising the genesis and development, the foundations and technical-tactical actions of the 3x3B, the ethical-moral values of Sport and creation, together with the students, of norms and behaviours for the practice of 3x3B of SPE in a critical way and not limited to the reproduction of the Olympic sport at school. We consider that, based on the SP referentials, the 3x3B of SPE enables experiences, dialogues with other bodily practices and the problematisation of social issues that can contribute to a positive, critical-reflective and comprehensive education of students through the sports practice of the 3x3B.En el 2021, con motivo de los XXXII Juegos Olímpicos, el Baloncesto 3x3 (B3x3) debutó como deporte olímpico. El objetivo de este ensayo es presentar argumentos, referenciales y referencias para enseñar el B3x3 en la Educación Física Escolar (EFE). A partir de los referenciales de la Pedagogía del Deporte (PD) y de diferentes facilitadores, reflexionamos e indicamos la posibilidad de problematizar la génesis, el desarrollo, los fundamentos y las acciones técnico tácticas del B3x3, los valores ético morales del deporte y la creación, junto con los estudiantes, de normas y conductas para la práctica del B3x3 de la EFE de modo crítico, no limitado a la reproducción del deporte olímpico en la escuela. Consideramos que, a partir de las referencias de la PD, el B3x3 de la EFE posibilita experiencias y diálogos con otras prácticas corporales y la problematización de cuestiones sociales que pueden contribuir con una formación positiva, crítico reflexiva y amplia de los estudiantes a través de la práctica deportiva del B3x3.Em 2021, por ocasião dos XXXII Jogos Olímpicos, o Basquete 3x3 (B3x3) estreou como esporte olímpico. Destarte, o objetivo deste ensaio é apresentar argumentos, referenciais e referências para ensinar o B3x3 da Educação Física Escolar (EFE). A partir dos referenciais da Pedagogia do Esporte (PE) e de diferentes facilitadores, refletimos e indicamos a possibilidade de problematizar a gênese, desenvolvimento, os fundamentos e ações técnico-táticas do B3x3, os valores ético-morais do Esporte e a criação, junto aos estudantes, de normas e condutas para a prática do B3x3 da EFE de modo crítico, não limitando à reprodução do esporte olímpico na escola. Consideramos que a partir dos referenciais da PE, o B3x3 da EFE possibilita vivências e diálogos com outras práticas corporais e a problematização de questões sociais que podem contribuir com uma formação positiva, crítico-reflexiva e ampla de estudantes mediante a prática do B3x3

Co-evolution of industry strategies and government policies: The case of the brazilian automotive industry

This study examines the evolution of the automotive industry in Brazil and its key drivers. We argue that the rules of the game – industry policies – are an outcome of exchanges between the host government and industry. These arise from changes in economic and political environments and interdependence between industry and the country’s economy. To this end, we draw upon literature on institutions and co-evolution to understand the industry footprint over a 50-year period, as well as its relationship with changes in government policies. This study generates new insights on institutional and co-evolution political perspectives by showing that the rules of the game are not only the making of the government, but are also the result of interdependencies between industry and government