SENTIDO, MOBILIZAÇÃO E APRENDIZAGEM: AS RELAÇÕES DOS ALUNOS COM OS SABERES DAS LUTAS NAS AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA

Based on “relationship-to-knowledge theory”, the purpose of this study is to understand how students relate to martial arts knowledge at Physical Education classes. It is a case study which used interviews with students and a teacher, and classroom observations. Results indicate that identity and socials relations conditioned students’ initial impressions and interest towards martial arts, and teaching strategies conditioned mobilization or demobilization toward learning. Martial arts teaching in schools was found to be dominated by tensions. Student’s preconceptions have to be re-framed; the teacher has to (re)construct pedagogical knowledge on that content; and Physical Education as a school subject should interrelate all the learning figures: object-knowledge, domain-knowledge and relational-knowledge. Con base en la “teoría de la relación con el saber”, el objetivo de esta investigación es entender cómo se relacionan los alumnos con los saberes de las luchas en las clases de Educación Física. Se trata de un estudio de caso que utilizó entrevistas con los alumnos y profesores, bien como observación de clases. Los resultados mostraron que relaciones identitarias y sociales condicionaron el sentido inicial y el interés de los alumnos por las luchas, así como las estrategias de enseñanza condicionaron la movilización o desmovilización para el aprendizaje. Se concluye que la enseñanza de luchas en la escuela se encuentra permeada por tensiones y que es necesario resignificar las preconcepciones de los alumnos, la (re)construcción del conocimiento pedagógico de este contenido por parte del profesor y que la Educación Física como disciplina escolar debe interrelacionar todas las figuras del aprender: saber-objeto, saber-dominio y saber-relacional. Com base na teoria da relação com o saber, o objetivo desta investigação é compreender como os alunos se relacionam com os saberes das lutas nas aulas de Educação Física. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que se utilizou de entrevistas com alunos e docente, e observação de aulas. Os resultados apontam que relações identitárias e sociais condicionaram os sentidos iniciais e o interesse dos alunos pelas lutas, bem como as estratégias de ensino condicionaram a mobilização ou desmobilização para a aprendizagem. Conclui-se que o ensino de lutas na escola encontra-se permeado por tensões, sendo necessária a ressignificação dos preconceitos dos alunos, a (re)construção do conhecimento pedagógico deste conteúdo por parte do professor, e que a Educação Física como disciplina escolar deve inter-relacionar todas as figuras do aprender: saber-objeto, saber-domínio e saber-relacional.

A lithium-ion battery based on a graphene nanoflakes ink anode and a lithium iron phosphate cathode

Li-ion rechargeable batteries have enabled the wireless revolution transforming global communication. Future challenges, however, demands distributed energy supply at a level that is not feasible with the current energy-storage technology. New materials, capable of providing higher energy density are needed. Here we report a new class of lithium-ion batteries based on a graphene ink anode and a lithium iron phosphate cathode. By carefully balancing the cell composition and suppressing the initial irreversible capacity of the anode, we demonstrate an optimal battery performance in terms of specific capacity, i.e. 165 mAhg-1, estimated energy density of about 190 Whkg-1 and life, with a stable operation for over 80 charge-discharge cycles. We link these unique properties to the graphene nanoflake anode displaying crystalline order and high uptake of lithium at the edges, as well as to its structural and morphological optimization in relation to the overall battery composition. Our approach, compatible with any printing technologies, is cheap and scalable and opens up new opportunities for the development of high-capacity Li-ion batteries.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figure

A Mobile Portfolio to Support Communities of Practice in Science Education

Online Communities and Social Computing Second International Conference, OCSC 2007, Held as Part of HCI International 2007, Beijing, China, July 22-27, 2007. ProceedingsPractice activities are a key issue for science education students. Typically, these activities are carried out by a community of practice (practicing students and professors) using physical or centralized electronic portfolios. However, these alternatives are limited when the community members need to share the portfolio resources, any time and anywhere. This limitation is also present when support for high interactivity among these persons is required. This paper presents a new kind of portfolio which is able to work in autonomous, client-server, and peer-to-peer manners. This mobile portfolio is fully distributed; therefore, it improves the flexibility to conduct interactions or share portfolio resources among the members of a community of practice. The functionality and stability of the tool have been tested by the developers and the results obtained are encouraging. The use of this distributed portfolio is expected to help science students and professors to enhance practice activities, interactions and interchange of experiences and resources

Cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus

O risco de doença arterial coronariana (DAC) nos pacientes com diabetes melito tipo 1 (DM1) é conhecido desde o final dos anos 1970, sendo atualmente a principal causa de mortalidade na população adulta com diabetes tipo 1 de longa duração. A patogênese do processo aterosclerótico nesta doença ainda é obscura, acreditando-se que a hiperglicemia desenvolva aí um papel importante, entretanto vários estudos epidemiológicos mostraram que a associação entre doença coronariana e glicemia, em pacientes com DM1 seja fraca. Dados recentes do estudo DCCT/EDIC mostram que o grupo que recebeu tratamento insulínico intensificado durante o DCCT desenvolveu graus menores de aterosclerose, relacionado aos valores reduzidos de HbA1c durante a fase ativa do estudo, com melhor proteção nos pacientes mais jovens e com menor duração da doença. Há também evidências de que os benefícios são maiores nos pacientes sem nefropatia quando comparados aos com doença renal. Outros fatores de risco importante para o desenvolvimento de DAC em pacientes com DM1 são os mesmos descritos para DM2, incluindo os componentes da síndrome metabólica e marcadores de resistência insulínica. Sugere-se que pacientes com DM1 devam ter o melhor controle glicêmico possível, desde o início da sua doença acrescido de vigilância e tratamento rígido dos fatores de riscos clássicos para DAC, principalmente naqueles com história familiar de DM2.The association between type 1 diabetes and coronary heart disease has become very clear since the late 1970. It has been demonstrated that there is an important increased risk in morbidity and mortality caused by coronary artery disease in young adults with type 1 diabetes compared with the non diabetic population. The underlying pathogeneses is still poorly understood. While the role of glycemic control in the development of microvascular disease complication is well established its role in CVD in patients with DM1 remains unclear with epidemiologic studies reporting conflicting data. Recent findings from the DCCT/EDIC showed that prior intensive diabetes treatment during the DCCT was associated with less atherosclerosis, largely because of reduced level of HbA1c during the DCCT. The improvement of glycemic control itself appeared to be particularly effective in younger patients with shorter duration of the disease. Other analyses suggested the glycemia may have a stronger effect on CAD in patients without than in those with albuminúria. Other major determinants of coronary artery disease are the components of metabolic syndrome and the surrogate measure of insulin resistence: eGDR. It is proposed that patients with DM1 should have aggressive medical therapy, risk factor modification and careful monitoring not only of his blood sugar but also of the other processes involved in the atherosclerotic process, mostly the ones with family history of type 2 diabetes

Relations of girls students to martial arts knowledge in Physical Education lessons

Based on “relation to knowledge” theory of Bernard Charlot, the question of this investigation is: what are the relations of meaning and mobilization of girls with martial arts knowledge? This a qualitative study with the following procedures: lessons observation of judo content in a seventh grade class of Midle School; and semi-estructured interviews with 17 class students. The results indicated less mobilization of girls in comparison to boys. The elements unfavorable to female mobilziation were separated into three categories: (i) masculinization and machismo in martial arts; (ii) the fear of being hurt; (iii) embarrassment to expose yourself. To conclude, is important to emphasize that difficulties of gender and martial arts does not mean discarding them from the pedagogical process, but rather encourages the creation of experiences that subvert and trangress such barries

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Serotonin Transporter (SERT) in Platelets of Patients with Mild Huntington’s Disease: Relationships with Social Cognition Symptoms

Peripheral biological correlates of early-stage Huntington’s disease (HD) are currently attracting much interest given their possible use as prognostic predictors of later neurodegeneration. Since deficits in social-cognition processing are present among the initial disease symptoms, aim of this work was to appraise, in blood platelets, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT), two proteins involved in human adaptive behavior as potential biochemical correlates of such disabilities in mild-HD. Thirteen gene positive and symptomatic patients (9M/4W, HD-stage II, age> 40y) together 11 gender/age matched controls without a concurrent diagnosis of psychiatric disorders, underwent a blood test to determine BDNF storage and membrane-bound SERT in platelets by ELISA immune-enzyme and [3H]-paroxetine ([3H]-PAR) binding assays, respectively. Concomitantly, all subjects were examined through a battery of socio-cognitive and emotion recognition questionnaires. Results showed moderately increased intra-platelet BDNF amounts (+20-22%) in patients versus controls, whereas [3H]-PAR binding parameters, maximum density (Bmax) and dissociation constant (KD), did not appreciably vary between the two groups. While patients displaying significantly reduced cognitive/emotion abilities, biochemical parameters and clinical features or psychosocial scores did not correlate each other, except for platelet BDNF and the illness duration, positively correlated, or for SERT KDs and angry voice recognition ability, negatively correlated in both controls and patients. Therefore, in this pilot investigation, platelet BDNF and SERT did not specifically underlie psychosocial deficits in stage II-HD. Higher platelet BDNF storage in patients showing lasting-mild symptoms would derive from compensatory mechanisms. Thus, supplementary investigations are warranted by also comparing patients in other illness’s phases

Evaluating the role of endogenous and exogenous features on larval hake nutritional condition

Evaluating the nutritional condition of fish larvae is imperative to establish the importance of starvation, understanding the causes of larval mortality and determining favorable zones for growth and survival within nursery areas. We assessed the nutritional condition of Merluccius hubbsi larvae employing RNA/DNA index (sRD) and its derived index of growth performance (Gpf). Larvae (N = 395) were collected during the reproductive peak in 2010 and 2011. Principal Component Analysis and Generalized Linear Models were used to study the relationship between larval condition and endogenous factors (size, weight, growth rate, trophic incidence, and carbon content per stomach) and exogenous variables (temperature, chlorophyll concentration, potential prey availability, ctenophore biomass, and hake larvae density). The year of sampling was also considered as a variable. The significant variables in the model selection were size, temperature, the density of hake larvae, and year. The larval size was positively related to the condition while larval density and temperature showed a negative relationship with the sRD index. The year was also a significant variable, with higher larval sRD values in 2010. The negative relationship between sRD and larval density suggests the existence of mechanisms of density-dependence operating upon larval condition. On the other hand, the lower temperatures occurred in stratified waters (with greater availability of food) a fact that might explain the negative relationship between sRD and temperature. The fitting of the models suggests that other explanatory variables might be considered to improve the understanding of the nutritional condition index nature.Fil: Diaz, Marina Vera. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Do Souto, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Betti, Paola. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Temperoni, Brenda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Schiariti, Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Machinandiarena, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Brown, Daniel Roberto. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Macchi, Gustavo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentin

Game and ludic on Martial Arts content in physical education classes

O trato pedagógico do conteúdo “lutas” ainda provoca dificuldades e tensões entre professores e alunos. Cabe questionar: quais as relações de sentido, mobilização e atividade dos alunos com os jogos de lutas? O objetivo do presente trabalho é discutir a influência de jogos nas relações de sentido e mobilização no conteúdo lutas na perspectiva dos estudantes. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com uma turma de 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram: (a) observação de aulas do conteúdo “Judô”; (b) entrevistas semiestruturadas com estudantes, antes e após a sequência de aulas. Na observação das aulas, verificou-se que a professora utilizou jogos de lutas, que se mostraram adequadas para minimizar sentimentos de medo, ansiedade e estresse relacionados ao machucar-se na realização da luta. Ademais, a diversão e a ludicidade proporcionada pelos jogos promoveram uma dissociação da luta com a violência e a briga. A imersão e o arrebatamento dos alunos nos jogos de lutas possibilitaram a suspensão de impressões iniciais (luta machuca, é violenta, etc.) estereotipadas em relação às lutas, sobrepujando-os para o mundo de fantasias do jogo. Nesse sentido, os jogos de luta mostram-se essencial para o trabalho pedagógico do conteúdo lutas, sobretudo ao mobilizar a participação de alunos.The pedagogical treatment of the “martial arts” content causes difficulties and tensions between teachers and students. It is important to ask: what is the meaning given to the mobilization and the activities of students in martial art games? The aim of this paper is to discuss the influence that games have on mobilization and meanings of martial art content from the student’s perspective. This is a case study with a 7th grade middle school classroom. The methodological procedures were: (a) observation of “Judo” classes, and (b) semi-structured interviews with students before and after the sequence of classes. From classes observation, we realized that the teacher used martial art games which were appropriate to minimize the feeling of fear, anxiety, and stress related to getting hurt during the practice. In addition, the fun and playfulness provided by the games promoted a dissociation of martial arts from violence and fighting. The immersion and absorption of students in martial arts games have promoted the end of stereotyped initial impressions of martial arts (e.g. martial arts hurts, it is violent, etc.), taking them to a fantasy game world. In this way, games proved to be essential for the pedagogical approach to martial arts content, especially by promoting students’ participation.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Algorithm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a position statement of Brazilian Diabetes Society

The Brazilian Diabetes Society is starting an innovative project of quantitative assessment of medical arguments of and implementing a new way of elaborating SBD Position Statements. The final aim of this particular project is to propose a new Brazilian algorithm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, based on the opinions of endocrinologists surveyed from a poll conducted on the Brazilian Diabetes Society website regarding the latest algorithm proposed by American Diabetes Association /European Association for the Study of Diabetes, published in January 2009

Characterization and identification of hidden rare variants in the human genome

BackgroundBy examining the genotype calls generated by the 1000 Genomes Project we discovered that the human reference genome GRCh37 contains almost 20,000 loci in which the reference allele has never been observed in healthy individuals and around 70,000 loci in which it has been observed only in the heterozygous state.ResultsWe show that a large fraction of this rare reference allele (RRA) loci belongs to coding, functional and regulatory elements of the genome and could be linked to rare Mendelian disorders as well as cancer. We also demonstrate that classical germline and somatic variant calling tools are not capable to recognize the rare allele when present in these loci. To overcome such limitations, we developed a novel tool, named RAREVATOR, that is able to identify and call the rare allele in these genomic positions. By using a small cancer dataset we compared our tool with two state-of-the-art callers and we found that RAREVATOR identified more than 1,500 germline and 22 somatic RRA variants missed by the two methods and which belong to significantly mutated pathways.ConclusionsThese results show that, to date, the investigation of around 100,000 loci of the human genome has been missed by re-sequencing experiments based on the GRCh37 assembly and that our tool can fill the gap left by other methods. Moreover, the investigation of the latest version of the human reference genome, GRCh38, showed that although the GRC corrected almost all insertions and a small part of SNVs and deletions, a large number of functionally relevant RRAs still remain unchanged. For this reason, also future resequencing experiments, based on GRCh38, will benefit from RAREVATOR analysis results. RAREVATOR is freely available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/rarevator