Contaminantes emergentes presentes em águas destinadas ao consumo humano: ocorrência, implicações e tecnologias de tratamento / Emerging contaminants in waters intended for human consumption: occurrence, implications and treatment technologies

Os contaminantes emergentes são compostos que apresentam potencial danoso ao meio ambiente e à saúde, mesmo em baixas concentrações. É considerado um novo desafio para a comunidade científica, que vem conduzindo pesquisas mundialmente para subsidiar o desenvolvimento de padrões de qualidade da água para consumo humano, visto que o tratamento do tipo convencional utilizado pela maioria das ETAs é ineficiente para remoção de tais contaminantes. Visando ampliar e contribuir com os estudos que estão sendo realizados sobre a temática, o presente trabalho apresenta através de pesquisa bibliográfica, uma revisão sobre contaminantes emergentes presentes em águas destinadas ao consumo humano: ocorrência, implicações e tecnologias de tratamento. Os resultados apontam que os contaminantes emergentes são oriundos principalmente das águas residuárias lançadas sem tratamento nas águas superficiais. Uma vez contaminadas, as águas superficiais tornam-se fonte de contaminação a curto e longo prazo, ocasionando danos a biota aquática e aos seres humanos. Por não serem removidos no tratamento convencional de água, se faz necessário a utilização de tecnologias avançadas para remover contaminantes emergentes de águas destinadas ao consumo humano.  Todas as tecnologias estudadas mostraram-se promissoras podendo ser utilizadas em escala real nas ETAs do país. Pesquisas relacionadas a contaminates emergentes presentes em águas destinadas ao consumo humano são de extrema importância ambiental, atraves delas será possivel identificar possiveis contaminates e desenvolver tecnologias apropriadas para sua eliminação evitando danos a saúde pública

Remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal por Chlorella sp. em diferentes diluições de lixiviado de aterro sanitário/Amoniacal nitrogen removal by Chlorella sp. in different dillutions of sanitary terry dillution

Lixiviado de aterro sanitário é uma água residuária de matriz complexa de alto poder poluente. Apresenta elevadas concentrações de nitrogênio amoniacal, fósforo, matéria carbonácea e substâncias recalcitrantes. A aplicação de microalgas na remoção de poluentes do lixiviado tem sido investigada. A cepa de Chlorella sp. aplicada neste trabalho, foi isoladas do lixiviado do aterro sanitário de João Pessoa- PB. O sistema experimental constituiu-se por 3 biorreatores com volume útil de 210 mL, sendo, 200 mL de lixiviado diluído em água destilada e 10 mL de meio de cultivo de Chlorella sp. em fase estacionária, alimentados em batelada, fotoperíodo de 24 horas, temperatura de 27o C, TDH de 240 horas e concentrações afluentes de N-amoniacal de 46, 192 e 575 mg. L-1 e um controle positivo. As maiores densidades celulares foram registradas nas concentrações de N-amoniacal afluentes de 46 e 192 mg. L-1, com incrementos superiores a 250% até o 5º dia de monitoração. O menor crescimento foi obtido na concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal de 575 mg. L-1 com incrementos até o 5o dia de 12%. A análise do cálculo da massa de nitrogênio residual no sistema, indicou remoção de massa de 66, 59 e 56% para entradas afluentes de 9,66; 40,32 e 120,75 mg-N para concentrações afluentes de N- amoniacal respectivas de 46, 192 e 575 mg. L-1. Os resultados são indicativos de que a Chlorella sp. consegue adaptar-se e crescer em diferentes concentrações de nitrogênio amoniacal, possuindo potencial para ser aplicada eficientemente no tratamento terciário do lixiviado de aterro sanitário

Effects of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the red seaweed Solieria filiformis on models of nociception and inflammation

AbstractThis work reports the effects of a sulfated polysaccharide (SP-Sf), isolated from the seaweed Solieria filiformis and characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR), on nociception and inflammation. Male Swiss mice were pretreated with SP-Sf 30min before receiving an injection of 0.8% acetic acid, 1% formalin or 30min prior to a thermal stimulus. We observed that SP-Sf (1, 3 or 9mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of writhes. SP-Sf also reduced the second phase of the formalin test and did not cause a significant antinociceptive effect in the hot plate test, suggesting that its antinociceptive action occurs through a peripheral mechanism. SP-Sf (1, 3 or 9mg/kg) did not show a significant anti-inflammatory effect in Wistar rats when administrated by the systemic route 1h before testing using carrageenan or dextran. Finally, SP-Sf (9mg/kg) did not show significant signs of toxicity when administrated in mice

Glotopolítica latinoamericana : Tendencias y perspectivas

Glotopolítica latinoamericana: tendencias y perspectivas recoge el resultado de presentaciones y deliberaciones del IV Congreso Latinoamericano de Glotopolítica, realizado en la Universidad de San Pablo (Brasil) en septiembre de 2019, que convocó a numerosos y destacados especialistas en el área. Su inscripción en una serie (los anteriores se realizaron en Chile, Colombia y Alemania) nos permite apreciar los grandes ejes de los que da cuenta el cuidadoso e inteligente armado del libro decidido por los editores, y fundamentado en la Presentación. El tramo que hemos recorrido como especialistas, en el cual los eventos internacionales son hitos significativos, ha ido mostrando la amplitud de un campo que se construye apelando a tradiciones académicas variadas, que insiste en su carácter interdisciplinario y crítico y que no deja de tener una dimensión militante que se expone en las reflexiones teóricas, las investigaciones empíricas y las prácticas institucionales

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Brain energy rescue:an emerging therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative disorders of ageing

The brain requires a continuous supply of energy in the form of ATP, most of which is produced from glucose by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, complemented by aerobic glycolysis in the cytoplasm. When glucose levels are limited, ketone bodies generated in the liver and lactate derived from exercising skeletal muscle can also become important energy substrates for the brain. In neurodegenerative disorders of ageing, brain glucose metabolism deteriorates in a progressive, region-specific and disease-specific manner — a problem that is best characterized in Alzheimer disease, where it begins presymptomatically. This Review discusses the status and prospects of therapeutic strategies for countering neurodegenerative disorders of ageing by improving, preserving or rescuing brain energetics. The approaches described include restoring oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, increasing insulin sensitivity, correcting mitochondrial dysfunction, ketone-based interventions, acting via hormones that modulate cerebral energetics, RNA therapeutics and complementary multimodal lifestyle changes

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good